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What is a V-chip
This term has become a buzz word for any discussion evolving
telecommunications regulation and television ratings, but not too many reports define the
new technology in its fullest form. A basic definition of the V-chip; is a microprocessor
that can decipher information sent in the vertical blanking of the NTSC signal,
purposefully for the control of violent or controversial subject matter. Yet, the span of
the new chip is much greater than any working definition can encompass. A discussion of the
V-chip must include a consideration of the technical and ethical issues, in addition to
examining the constitutionally of any law that might concern standards set by the US
government. Yet in the space provided for this essay, the focus will be the technical
aspects and costs of the new chip. It is impossible to generally assume that the V-chip
will solve the violence problem of broadcast television or that adding this little device
to every set will be a first amendment infringement. We can, however, find clues through
examining the cold facts of broadcast television and the impact of a mandatory regulation
on that free broadcast. Utilizing the EIA's Recommended Practice for Line 21 Data
Service(EIA-608) specification, these chips decode EDS (Extended Data Services)program
ratings, compare these ratings to viewer standards, and can be programmed to take a variety
of actions, including complete blanking of programs. Is one definition of the V-chip from
Al Marquis of Zilog Technology. The FCC or Capitol Hill has not set any standards for
V-chip technology; this has allowed many different companies to construct chips that are
similar yet not exact or possibly not compatible. Each chip has advantages and
disadvantages for the rating's system, soon to be developed. For example, some units use
onscreen programming such as VCR's and the Zilog product do, while others are considering
set top options. Also, different companies are using different methods of parental control
over the chip.
Another problem that these new devices may incur when included in every television is a
space. The NTSC signal includes extra information space known as the subcarrier and Vertical
blanking interval. As explained in the quotation from Mr. Marquis, the V-chips will use a
certain section of this space to send simple rating numbers and points that will be compared
to the personality settings in the chip. Many new technologies are being developed for
smart-TV or data broadcast on this part of the NTSC signal. Basically the V-chip will
severely limit the bandwidth for high performance transmission of data on the NTSC signal.
There is also to be cost to this new technology, which will be passed to consumers.
Estimates are that each chip will cost six dollars wholesale and must be designed into the
television's logic. The V-chip could easily push the price of televisions up by twenty five
or more dollars during the first years of production. The much simpler solution of set top
boxes allows control for those who need it and allow those consumers who don't to save
money and use new data technology. Another cost will most definitely be levied to
television advertisers for the upgrade of the transmitting equipment. Weather the V-chip
encoding signal is added upstream of the transmitter or directly into uplink units and
other equipment intended for broadcast; this cost will have to compensated for in
advertising sales and prices. The V-chip regulation may also require another staff employee
at most stations to effectively rate locally aired programs and events. All three of these
questions have been addressed in minute detail. Most debate has focused upon the new rating
system and its implementation. Though equally important, this doesn't deal with the ground
floor concerns for the television producing and broadcasting industries. Now as members of
the industry we must hold our breath until either the fed knocks the wind from free
broadcast with mandatory ratings' devices, or allows the natural regulation to continue.
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The Internet connects nearly 400 million users worldwide and is an essential part of how we work, play, communicate, and conduct commerce. We use the Internet in ways that seemed unimaginable The term Internet refers to the global information system that -- (i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons. (ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and (iii) provides, uses or makes accessible layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein., either publicly or privately, high level services. Computers speak to one another and send information back and forth, which is accomplished, by sending and receiving electronic impulses and decoding them into messages. In order to communicate with one another the computers are linked up in a network. In 1972, the first e-mail program was created by Ray Tomlinson of BBN. The Web began in 1989; it wasn’t released to the world till the early 90’s, that’s when it became the World Wide Web. Statistics say that 1 in 3 people use the Internet for e-mail, 1 in 6 use it because they want to find out how it works, 1 in 8 want business information and 1 in 2 go to the Internet for education, hobbies, job listings, and entertainment. In 1993 less than 1% of users paid for the use of the Internet. By 1995, it rose over 200% due to the profits companies made from providing the service. Because of the demand for the Internet around the World, and the amount of capital a business could make that provides this service, is surprising. An example of this is Cisco Systems, a once Silicon Valley based business, which is now an Internet Technology provider, brought in $10 billion in 1986, this is 14 years before what the Internet is today. In 1999 they became the third company in history to exceed $300 billion in market capitalization, second is Microsoft, and first is General Electric (Bunnell 29).. One thing certain is that the Internet has revolutionized the computer and communication technology. The Internet is a worldwide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for association and interaction between individuals without regard to geographic location (Comer 81).
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