Decision Making Argumentative Essays Samples For Students

The overall goal of a democratic government is to ensure that the greatest number of people within said democracy are represented - that their desires and needs are met to their satisfaction. As such, the idea of a 'majority rule' is thought to be the defining component of the concept of a democracy1. According to Follesdal, "The contractualist case for majoritarian mechanisms in general is that such mechanisms secure the relevant interests of affected parties from standard harms to an acceptable extent"2. However, does the concept of 'majority rule' really function to serve the best interests in a democratic ...

Games are an important part of human life and help in relaxing the mind. Card games improve the intelligence of players as they are required to apply deep thought and sound decision making within a limited span of time. However, it is imperative to note that each game has its own rules, hence evoking varied tastes and preferences among the players. One of the most interesting games is card games, which come in various forms and types. There is a lot of calculated moves and intelligibility behind all the moves made by each player. Notably, the game also develops one’s thinking ...

When it comes to adolescents making decisions for their own life, typically it depends on what the subject material is. By the time an individual reaches adolescence, they are picking what they want to wear, what they want to eat, and many of the movies they watch in their spare time. Parents begin to relinquish some of the rules they held over the individuals as children in order to let them grow, become independent, and learn lessons on their own. However, many ask where to draw the line. Adolescents are capable of making many decisions for themselves concerning small ...

Law 4900

4:10 pm
Introduction
In the United States (US), the judiciary holds the authority to conduct constitutional decision-making, in which they interpret the US Constitution accordingly whenever they confront specific cases that involve its provisions. There are at least three approaches to constitutional decision-making: originalism, living constitutionalism and minimalism. Each of the three approaches of constitutional decision-making have different ideological bases – originalism deems the meaning and intent of the framers of the US Constitution as important, living constitutionalism takes into consideration the various societal changes and minimalism emphasizes the importance of case-specific interpretations, being perhaps the most moderate ...

First of all, in the scope of this paper, it is essential to put an emphasis on the fact that there is a set of scientific researches, dedicated to the investigation of the question of whether the difference between parliamentarism and presidentialism matters. This question is considered to be critical for the set of the issues - such as the major reasons for democratic collapse, whether democratic consolidation is more likely to be promoted by certain institutions or not and whether regime type matters for governability and policy output (Samuels and Eaton 2).
While conducting an analysis of the ...

Introduction

Effective and efficient decision-making in service delivery can be compromised by non-involvement of key personnel or over-involvement of lower-echelon employees, which leads to a slowed-down process. The problem is how to determine the trade-offs to make in this situation as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional, top-down approach versus the horizontal approach. This question is especially important today because, in the recent past, decision-makers in the public and private sectors have made a high number of poor decisions. An example of this is the securitization of subprime mortgage loans or using credit default swaps to hedge risk. This ...

Management and the Organization Theory

Management and the Organization Theory
Question 1: In order to boost the morale of the workers and consequently increase the quality of output, a change in the culture of the organization becomes my priority as a manager once I am offered the job. Firstly, involvement of the workers and supervisors in setting goals, objectives and targets of the firm will help to make them feel recognized hence building their morale. Once the workers are back to the required standards, I will involve them in setting a code of ethics and quality control schemes so that each member of the firm knows ...

Fundamental Principles of Ethics

Principle of Toleration-This principle involves enduring a plethora of moral values, beliefs, and freedom of expression. For this reason, respect and accommodation should be accorded to divergent beliefs and opinions irrespective of their source. This principle is important in encouraging intellect, philosophy, and religious principles among other values that support liberty and human rights(Paul, 2006). According to great philosophers such as JS Mill and John Locke, the principle of tolerance presupposes individual freedom and autonomy thereby leading to the development of an innovative and creative society(Paul, 2006).
Principle of Stewardship-As human beings, we ought to take care ...

Foreign policy decision making

(FPDM) or foreign policy desiccant making refers to the selections individuals, coalition and groups undertake that has an effect on the action of the nation on the international arena. High stakes and substantial risks, naturally characterize the decisions in foreign policy. FPDM is a vital center of research since the decisions made can shape the final choice. For instance, depending on the choice taken, an actor can land at different outcomes. Factors such as decision environment, international factors, psychological factors, and domestic factors can contribute to better determinant of foreign policy decision (Mintz 4)

This policy favors one party, since ...

Power is a significant tool in decision making. It differs from authority in the sense that it is derived from ability while authority is derived from a right. The ability to influence people in decision making is a unique character trait of personalities in any organization. Decision making is central to the success of an organization. This is why the value of information systems classifies the levels of decision making; that is the strategic, the organizing, and the operational levels of decision making (Lukes, 1974). The main idea of this paper shall be confined to the role of power in decision making. ...

Involvement of family members in the healthcare decisions for children is a debatable issue. Parents’ engaged in the decision-making of their child’s health care, poses challenges to the American bioethical system, which regards the patient sovereignty as the fundamental ethical principle in the medical decision making policy .
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has established certain recommendations pertaining to the child’s decision-making and categorizes children based on their level of maturity and decision-making ability into three groups: those that lack the ability to take decisions, those with a premature developing capacity and those that are mature enough to ...

Te Au Rangahau (The Maori Business Research Centre at Massey University) Project

- Payback Period
Project A’s payback period falls in the seventh year while project B’s payback period falls in the sixth year. Project B would, therefore, be a better option using the payback period method. Note that for project A, the total payback is 20000 only, while for project B, the total payback is 22000.
The payback period decision method as the following assumptions, advantages and disadvantages. Ignores the time value of money. No discounting takes place. It also makes the assumption that inflows accrues evenly throughout the year. This could be contrary to the unfolding ...

Introduction

While there is no consensus on the exact definition of employee involvement, most scholars agree on the fact that employee involvement entails all processes aimed at having the workforce of an organization participate in such important roles as decision making, which was traditionally associated with the top management only. Langton et al (2013) argue that transformational leadership is among the most important and preferred leadership styles in contemporary organizations. At the core of transformational leadership stands the pillar that eliminates the differences between the management and the workforce – employee involvement. Langton et al (2013) further argue that involving the ...

NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS

Robert Schuman’s notable phrase “Never war between us” is one of the most critically acclaimed lessons learned by most Europeans with regards to the topic of European unification and integration. This lesson became Schuman’s main foundation in declaring the start of integration in his 1950 speech in the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community. It can be noted that European integration, through the ECSC, started on a plan to control resources and production. This was also seen in the evolution of the European Defence Community and later the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy ...

The decision on whether businesses should consider the purchase behavior in the prediction of life changes is relative. This is because; the purchasing process by a consumer is a complex issue that can be influenced by both the internal and external factors. Behavioral changes by any consumer can be attributable to external factors (Duhigg 13) such as peer pressure, or internal factors (Duhigg 14) that may aim at preventing the life changing event from occurring. The two factors, which are both the internal and external factors, can affect the demand of a given commodity by a consumer in stores such as wall mart, ...

Introduction

Ethical dilemmas form common occurrences in workplaces irrespective of the type of business engagement. The modern business diversity created by the contemporary business environment offers a lot of challenges to organizational managers. Managers lacking innovative business management skills always face numerous problems that affect the decision-making process. The complexity in the present management practices challenges many people in making effective, and ethical decisions concerning a specific problem that requires a professional approach in the organization. Individuals end up making unethical decisions driven by individual’s choice and not the influence of work environment. Business ethics as an issue has gained more attention ...

Introduction

The role of human resource management in an organization cannot be undervalued. The decisions that come from human resource management cannot be undervalued and is hard to measure although it has a great impact in an organization. This paper will focus on the argument that it is hard to measure the impact that human resource management on the performance of an organization. This research is undertaken with the hope that there will be clear relationship and clear understanding of whether it will be possible to measure the impact of human resource management on the performance of a given organization. There are ...

Argumentative essay on the nature and evidence of professional skills

Introduction
There are skills needed for one to be successful in their profession. Certificates alone do not prove one worthy of acquiring a job. For one to build a career that is meaningful and rewarding, the individual needs to recognize the thinking processes, actions and behavior that is appropriate for the profession. These skills make the individual competent among peers and he/she stands out. These skills include; behavior management, communication skills, building relationships, decision making, leadership, advocating and negotiating for oneself ,boundary enforcement, work-life balance and career management and planning (Caprino, 2012). The three top skills among these required for a ...

The American government: Deliberate will of the people

Most countries give their citizens the ultimate right to decide what is good for their country; however, the American government practices a different type of rule where the majority views do not necessarily overrule the minority. Consensus takes most of the decisions made by the American government (Sandoz 109). In the consensus system of democracy, the people in leadership discuss on the decisions that face them and review the possible courses of action viable for the prevailing situations. A decision on what suits the situation best comes from the agreement among the leaders without consulting the elected members or conducting a ...

Introduction

Azerbaijan, from the time of independence, usually led a successful foreign
policy in the region with Russia. However, Moscow‐Baku relations have varied
since the collapse of the Soviet Union time by time balancing or bandawagoning. In general Azerbaijanwas able to achieve being renowned as the only former Soviet republic that is neither ‘pro-Russian nor pro-Western'. The country has upheld cordial dealings with Moscow without sacrificing its economy, politics, and foreign policy to the Kremlin’s demands. One more example of the independent decision-making of Azerbaijan is the recent disagreement between two countries of the leasing procedure of ...

Abstract

When management communication styles result in crisis, it is due to a plethora of reasons. Cross-cultural conflicts, millennial styles, and the role of technologies in organizational communications are just a handful of examples responsible. This present article seeks to present a cogent, real-life analysis discussing the contemporary situation focusing on the mention of five basic areas including (a) conflict strategies, (b) millennial styles, (c) internal employee engagement, (d) technology roles, and (e) corporate decision-making. These aspects render food for thought, serving as basic guidelines showing how important it is to focus upon how studying a critical analysis of management ...

Literature

The philosophy of the good governance can be defined as the quality process involving decision making and also the process that is engaged in the implementation of the decisions. In every chapter of the Daodejing, the Laozi uses the word Tao to demonstrate the use of philosophy of the good governance (Wilde, p.47). He described Tao as Dao which in some cases means the way things are. This paper aims to apply the philosophy of the good governance, advocated by Laozi in an attempt to interpreted and understand “An Ideal Husband” by Oscar Wilde.
According to Laozi, Dao ...

Canada is made up of a representative government under the constitutional monarchy. The government is democratic because the members of legislative assembly are directly elected by the people although by monarch it means that the head of the country is the queen or the king. Elizabeth II is the head of state and the official queen of Canada. The prime minister of Canada chairs the cabinet meetings and he is the head of government who represents the queen alongside the governor general. The powers enjoyed by the prime minister of Canada have made the political scientists to argue that Canada ...

Overdependence on technology

In the contemporary society, technology is taking control of virtually all spheres making the human species become almost solely dependent on it. This has gone to an extent that almost everything in the environment is technologically controlled making the whole world virtually wholly mechanized and technologically enclosed. This has come with some cost which has pushed me into thinking and writing on some of the important reasons why we as human beings should not be fully dependent on technology (May, 2011, pg 4).
First, I would like to appreciate the many advantages that are brought about by technology ...

Many people belief that leaders are God Chosen. Leadership has been defined as that process of social influence, in which a person can help others in achieving a given task. In Lehman’s language, leadership is organizing people in groups, with an aim of achieving common goals. For any project to succeed there ought to be appropriate leadership. Such leaders are then given the responsibility of decision making on crucial matters such as resource allocation among others. However, leadership without cooperation from group members is just like a passing wind. To achieve an effective system of leadership, there must be teamwork amongst ...

Communication in Nursing

Communication
Argumentative Essay
Introduction
Communication encompasses a significant role in the nursing practices given the need for constant and clear interaction with the patients when providing care services. Furthermore, the areas of intervention, therapy, treatment, and health promotion rely on effective communication in order to develop strong interpersonal relationship with clients and stakeholders. Lastly, communication also provides opportunity in building competencies, collaboration, and teamwork. The discussion will demonstrate the key arguments about the importance of effective communication skills in various areas of nursing practice. In addition, the discussion will also determine the role of communication in enhancing interpersonal relationship ...

The dream of every expectant mother is to give birth to a healthy baby when the nine months elapse. However, the culture of uncertainty among expectant mothers has engulfed their thoughts of the possibility of giving birth to children with disabilities. As a result, they have turned to clinics for prenatal screening with a hope of getting a clean bill of health from medical practitioners about their current situation. All these efforts are not in vain in their minds as long as they are assured their babies will not have Down’s syndrome. These frantic efforts paintan image of ...

EU Common Security and Defense Policy

Increasing threats of the terrorism and insecurity have thrown the world into a frantic run of securing countries and regions. For the last few years, many countries have anchored their primary policies around the issue of security. Increasing cases of radicalization among the youth in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East have forced policy makers to rethink their strategies of curbing insecurity. To ensure increased protection of the citizens, governments, and regional blocs have taken to developing systems and policies that safeguard the people from acts of terrorism and insecurity.
However, these policies are confronted with challenges and obstacles ...

Human resource Strategy for Globalization of Business Processes

Globalization of business operations has become an imperative strategy for businesses to grow and sustain their activities in future because of the driving forces of market. The two most significant changes that have enabled businesses to expand across borders is liberalization of economic policies in developing countries like India, China, South Korea etc. and the innovations in the IT sector which has made accessibility of information and transaction of business infinitely easier. All businesses aspiring to grow by exploiting the immense opportunities offered by these changes must respond to the market forces and develop strategies to expand their operations ...

Introduction

This essay focuses on the archetype of a character in the novel ‘white teeth’ by Zadie Smith. Archetype is a certain example of anything in a book. For example the archetype of faith is Abraham (Lane 94). In the novel ‘white teeth’ I find Alfred Archibald Jones to be boredom itself. The character forms the major part of the novel. He appears in the very first part of the novel and the last part not to mention his constant appearance in between the novel. For a character that forms that major part of the novel, he should be more ...

Organization Theories – Modernist and Post-Modernist Approaches

Abstract
Organizational structure determines allocation of resources, strategies and planning. The paper focuses on two theories – modernist and postmodernist theories (Aleazurra, 2016; Clegg et al 1999; Casey, 2002). The article ‘A critical analysis of media discourse on information technology: preliminary results of a proposed method for critical discourse analysis’ by Cukier et al (2009) talks of critical discourse analysis where the post modernist idea of questioning the validity of claims has been explained by analyzing a media discourse on a ICT project applied in university classrooms. The second article selected for the study is ‘The relationship between information and ...

The Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business by Charles Duhigg is based on scientific studies and findings that clarify why habits exist and how they can be changed. The author mentions some rules/techniques about changing habits such as the three-step loop, which are cue, routine, and reward. The author elaborates more regarding those methods by performing some experiments and receiving exceedingly effective results. In this essay, based on chapters one and two, I will argue in favor of the author’s discussion on the rules/techniques and experiments, and I will support my ...

Introduction

Recent researches indicate that there has been a great stride in women advocacy and right. However, despite this, violence against women as well as girls continues to rise (CEDAW, 2015). The paper analyses the vaccine deemed to reduce the increased violence and attacks on women and girls in education and involve women in peacekeeping and conflict resolution. This can be illustrated by the many cases of violence and attacks against both women and girls especially those in the education system as shown below.
There have been several attacks on girls or women trying to access education such as the ...

Politics is one of the building blocks of any society in the world and no one can dispute its contributions to the health and competitive development of a society. In an ordinary context, politics can be defined a process by which people organize themselves through social relations with an aim to gain authority and is characterized by ideologies leading to collective decision-making. Politics are swayed around through philosophical influence usually controlled by a politician or politicians if they more than one. Like, politician is defined as an individual who actively participates in politics and administration and is usually engaged in bringing influence ...

In 1971, Daniel Ellsberg, a former officer of the National Security Council, who worked in research corporation RAND, pass an array of secret documents relating to the preparation and conduct of the Vietnam War, a journalist of the newspaper The New York Times Neil Sheehan.
The publication of the dossier has undermined the credibility of the American and world public opinion to the US authorities, showing that the administration of President Lyndon Johnson deliberately led policy of escalation of hostilities in Vietnam, while the US government has officially stated that it is not seeking to expand them. The administration lied ...

Settling a peaceful life in a tempestuous place is possible or not?

Settling a peaceful life in a tempestuous place is possible or not?
Inner realization and solace is a component aspired by every individual of present times. The very search is the objective of my present state in life. I searched books and scholarly reading of poetry and religious scripts. The vision of realization was obvious but the essence of sensation in person was distant away. The very thought when searched in readings illusify verified opinions. However, the approach to attain the state of solace and self realization in my opinion can be consolidated in the theory illustrated below;
Spiritual peace ...

Introduction

Organizing is a managerial function that comes after the planning function. Organizing is focused on incorporating three vital resources which are; human, financial and physical resources so as to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Thus, organizing as a function seeks to point out the job roles, the related positions and the synchronization between responsibility and authority. The majority of organizations strive to ensure a comprehensive organizing function which would be beneficial in quite a number of ways. To begin with, organizing is important in promoting specialization of employment by enabling the division of labor into departments and units. It also assists in ...

The contemporary world calls upon the CEO of different companies in meeting the needs of various people without making any compromise. It is vital for the organization to consider how their operations can influence the society and the environment. An organization must demonstrate the inclusion of social and environmental concern in the business operations and its interactions with the stakeholders. This literature argues that a leader of an organization must weigh the concerns and expectations of multiple stakeholders to enable the making of sound strategic choices.
Hinson and Ndhlovu (2011) explain that a leader, in this generation, must consider the ...

Introduction

Political process is the process in which few representatives of certain political parties or independent candidates are nominated to be elected by general public. The turnout in elections mean the percentage of people from the total eligible population coming out and casting their vote during elections. The number of people participating in the process of electing a candidate depends on various factors. In recent decade, a large number of people have been avoiding to participate in political process due to several reasons. These reasons may include economic, cultural, and many other aspects of life. This paper is aimed at recognizing these ...

Organ transplantation as a scientific and medical method in treating patients have become successful and popular over the years. However, repositories of human organs have faced shortage while demand for organ replacement becomes mandatory for some families dealing with patients diagnosed with an organ-related disease. Such trend also has increased over time. It is a common problem for immediate family members looking to keep the concerned patient alive and to survive the effects of organ diseases. For some family members and health beneficiaries, finding a generous and wholehearted organ donor can be both tedious and time-consuming. It may take months/years, to have ...

The two-party system in the United States arose out of an ideological debate on the nature of government and the country’s historical circumstances. While the parties were viewed as both sinister to the existent of the state by the founding fathers, the two party system was borne out of a debate pushed by Washington’s supporters including Madison and Hamilton. The parties emerged as a temporary solution to provide an ideological vehicle for voters to express their preference on whether they preferred a big government or not. The Federalist Party, led by Hamilton favoured a strong government and a close association between the government ...

Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center is a not-for-profit organization that works towards providing services to several categories of customers. Some of the customers of Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center includes; injured people, physically disabled people, and people with developmental disabilities, autistic persons, and services that are useful for disabled individuals regardless of their age. The Cattaraugus County Rehabilitation Center developed a balanced scorecard approach within its organizational structure. The balanced scorecard approach allows businesses, specifically not-for-profit organizations, to align business activities with the corporate objective of the firm. Furthermore, internal and external communications are also aligned with strategic goals. Drs. Robert Kaplan of ...

“The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy”.
- Martin Luther King J.r.
It is not difficult for a man to decide what he wants his life to be, what’s difficult is figuring out the things that he is willing to give up in order to live the life of the person he chose to be. A son may choose to be to be the person his father was once was, for a father is a hero to a son seeking to ...

Introduction

The American government was formed based primarily from the fragments of state governments instituted before the unification. After federalism was established in the country, powers were shared among the local level and the division of power was created separating the Executive branch from Legislative and Judicial branch. Through the years, the division slowly diminishes as one branch extends its power and expanding its influence in governance. The Legislative branch in particular continuously expands it power, which causes the tipping of the balance of power in governance. In return this expansion of power results to struggle and conflict between other ...

The two stories, “Hills like White Elephants” and “The Story of an Hour”, resonate around the feminist and Marxist ideas in unique and interesting ways. The stories are narrated from a third person with the authors keen to bring out capitalism and the ever present male chauvinism. It is this paper’s position that the two stories though within the same context, express different political ideology. The “Hills like White Elephants” appears to support the chauvinist approach in life while “The Story of an Hour” contends and disparages male chauvinism while promoting feminism. This paper shall analyze the political undertones ...

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The issue of video gaming being good or bad has been a topic of interest since the inception of the first video game in the early 20th century. Debates would often concentrate on the violence and chaos induced by video gaming, including the detrimental effects it has on its gamers in all age groups and a few would concentrate on its benefits. Nowadays, it is common to hear about crimes committed by gamers, especially from the teenage age group, in an attempt to recreate the scenes from the games they play. Experts and parents alike, including responsible gamers, agree that there ...

This essay will be one that intends to expose the nature of belief comparing philosophers such as Blaise Pascal, Soren Kierkegaard on justifications for a belief in god and the reasons we believe in general to attempt to answer a greater question of whether we can logically determine the existence of God. Pascal believes that arguments for god may be logical, but they prove above anything else that god doesn’t care and why would we want to believe in someone that doesn’t care?
“To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one without faith, no explanation ...

Death often comes after advanced age or serious illness. End of life is defined as ‘the time period during which the healthcare providers would not be surprised if death occurred within about 6 months (APA, 1). Most deaths are of the older age group (above 65 years) or those who are terminally ill (APA, 1). End of life care issues can be simple or complex and may range from legal, ethical, psychosocial, practical, spiritual, and medical aspects and even personal issues of the dying person (APA, 2). In literature, broadly discussed are the ethical and legal issues. In this ...

Legalization of marijuana

Introduction
Talk of marijuana legalization in the United States today and you will be sparking a considerably heated debate among the politicians and the citizenry alike (Bello, 2007). Apparently, this has been one of the most contentious issues in the political circles of the United States lately. During the presidential debate of the recently completed presidential elections, the question of legalization of marijuana was among the top issues raised as a way of gauging the standpoint of the politicians. In answering the question, the presidential aspirants remained skeptical about the issues as either answer would have had significant impact on ...

One of today’s prominent issues has something to do with families – particularly parenting. In fact, a description “helicopter parents” has taken so much attention of the public. Such description, according to many critics and researchers, refers to those who monitor most of their children’s activities, behaviors, etc. in a form of strictness. Nevertheless, since this issue on parenting is not a simple thing, it requires deep examination and this should be discussed with clarity. This paper serves to discuss the various points included in this issue.
As many psychologists say, parenting today seem to have crossed the line from ...

The nursing process

The nursing process may be defined the analysis of the sequence of events that surround a client’s, patient, needs and problems and which constantly change at different rates. It is necessary for a nurse to note change on a continuous basis so as to determine if the original problem has changed. The process is centred on the client based on their needs. Different clients have different problems and ,therefore, a nurse should be able to make a proper judgment and take appropriate actions for different clients in the most accurate way possible. The nursing process is a tool that aids a nursing student to systematically ...

Introduction

The reliability on elderly drivers has become a moot point of discussion recently. Old age drivers are being associated with increased number of accidents and fatality. But, this is not the complete picture. Analysis of various data points reveals that association of elderly people with higher incidents of crashes and accidents is usually overstated. A study conducted in South Australia on age of crash involved drivers between 1994 and 1998 concludes that frequency of accidents reduces with age (Baldock and McLean 5). The 2009 census data of the United States also reports lower occurrence of accidents in drivers aged 55 ...

I. Introduction
A. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to hear about news pertaining to children and teenagers emulating their video game personas and recreating the scenes in real life
B. Thesis Statement: Children can learn and hone their skills while playing video games and at the same time, learn skills that would be crucial for their development.
II. Children develop early skills through video games
A. Studies have shown that children show early signs of computer-related skills even if they are only a few months old.
B. Early childhood skills development through video gaming also ...

Managerial Implications of Employee Engagement

Employee engagement is a world’s leading force responsible for increasing employees’ productive levels in addition to driving increased outcomes. Equally, top-performing organizations rely heavily on employees to realize performance goals and growth. Other than organization-related benefits, employee engagement also plays a fundamental role in enhancing customer loyalty thereby leading the creation of enormous profits. Successful businessperson, Sir Richard Branson of Virgin Atlantic, admit that making Virgin into a worldwide brand involved making employees a top-priority instead of prioritizing shareholders. Many a person has argued that employee engagement is a fundamental factor in influencing organizational performance, attitudes, values, and customer relationships. However, it is emphatically ...