Bacteria College Essays Samples For Students

Energy is the most important aspect in modern world, as the dependency on energy is inseparable from people’s life. Furthermore, the needs to travel using automobiles create an insatiable need for fossil fuel to power the movements. Unfortunately, fossil fuel is a non-renewable resource that is estimated to be depleted in 2042 (Shafiee and Topal 181). From environmental point of view, fossil fuel combustion from diesel and gasoline vehicles has high contribution to the pollution level in urban areas (Chow and Watson 222). In addition to the pollution level, combustion of fossil fuel releases CO2 a greenhouse gas that contributes ...

Probiotics

Probiotics are organisms that are supposed or held to have a pronounced role in improving human health. A good example of such probiotics is bacteria that are found in food and some supplements. They help in the digestion and they are as well important in boosting the immune system of an individual. One may wonder why it may be necessary to take live bacteria, when we spend a lot of time killing bacteria with the use of antibiotics. The reason is simple and this may include the right balance of bacteria in our bodies since they are of great help (Floch, & ...

Abstract

Urinary tract infections, abbreviated as UTIs, are bacterial infections that are very common in people who reside in the nursing home of South Florida. Recurrence of UTIs in the nursing homes is very common, and 50% of women or men experience recurrence of the infection within six weeks therapy time. It becomes challenging to diagnose the UTIs in nursing homes because residents do not present genitourinary symptoms. The administration of antibiotics enhances occurrence re-infection with the organisms that are resistant and adverse effect of drugs. More research is significant on diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection among the ...

English

Fighting Superbugs; more refined tactics need to be discovered
Frequent use of antibiotics promotes growth of antibiotic resistant bacteria or superbugs. These bacteria are immune to the strongest medications. Despite the great progress in healthcare and medical technology, antibiotic resistant bacteria still need to be addressed very effectively. Superbugs are at rage against the humankind. An estimated one in twenty, or five percent, of patients now pick up a threatening superbug infection from the hospitals and this number is rising all the time. A recent study has shown that more than 1.7 million patients in the United States develop ...

Lab 1: Ethical Issue in the Movie Gattaca. The epicentre of ethical issues in the movie Gattaca is the manner in which an individual ought to be judged. Should it be by the genetic composition one is born with or by the character traits, personality attributes and ambitions chosen by an individual? Vincent is born with genetic weaknesses that could result in ailments in the future. His genetic composition denies him access to his dream job despite the fact that he achieves the required grades in school and is a strong and athletic young man. As a result, Vincent designs a plan to ...

Introduction

Allergy is an immune system disorder. Allergy or allergic reaction is a hypersensitivity to otherwise innocuous substances present in the environment. The allergic reaction is usually a rapid response; however, the sensitivity to certain allergens can be acquired over a period. It was previously called the type one hypersensitivity. It is characterized by an over activation of leucocytes, called the mast cells and the basophils following activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (Frigas, Gleich 1986). This activation of the basophiles and mast cells triggers an inflammatory response.

Pathophysiology of the allergic response

The type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is initiated when an allergen is introduced to the atopic individual, ...

- pour the unfiltered water through the build filter and collect the filtered water with a glass from the hole made on the cap
- Conclusion

Water we consume comes from rivers, lakes and some of it from ground water. This water may appear clean for consumption; however, it is crucial to ensure that it is properly cleaned before use for domestic purposes. There are several ways in which water can be cleaned. First, it can be boiled to kill harmful bacteria; however, this process does not remove lead and other substances that may render water harmful for consumption. ...

It is widely assumed that the skin has organisms that contaminate it and which might cause pathological transformations when injected into the body through the injection of a needle. With this assumption as basis patients, nurses, trainee doctors and medical students are trained to prepare the skin before injecting it through cleansing with a kind of antiseptic to keep away any infections at the site of injection. Alcohol swab that is comprised of 70% of isopropyl has been used since the 19th century as the oldest and most highly effective antiseptic for the preparation of the skin just before an operation. ...

Essay

Bacteria in a closed bioreactor grow and decay in four stages because they sterile culture of cells. It a bioreactor incorporates environmental conditions such as temperature, dissolved gases and nutrient concentration that integrate to help bacteria and eventually decaying. The underlying conditions make the bacteria to grow to maximum level. Since the bacteria is in a closed bioreactor, the underlying conditions become more as the maximum growth is attained thus leading to their decay.

Lag phase
In the lag phase, growth and reproduction has just begun. Inoculum is the bacteria undergoing metabolism and the environmental conditions required include nutrient limitation, inhibitors, ...

The cellular components in bacteria that are created from building blocks include polysaccharides, peptidoglycan and ribosomes. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures that come into existence from repeating units that are bonded by glycosidic bonds. They provide energy by breaking down starches into glucose. In addition, the glucose produced is also important in treating shock in the bacteria cell.
On the other hand, peptidoglycan is a polymer that has sugars and amino acids that form a layer outside the plasma membrane of the bacteria. It forms the cell wall of the bacteria. This component plays a structural role in the bacteria cell ...

Introduction

Q1 . The fundamental requirement for a living cell to sustain itself are a carbon source, an energy source, an electron donor, an electron acceptor and elemental nutrients(N,P, S, Mg,) etc. Explain how each of these fundamental requirements are needed by the living cell to function. Explain how the cell can maintain its own internal biological processes without being in equilibrium with the external environment.
The living cells can function within a constricted range of such conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, ion, temperature, etc. The cell must coordinate different chemical reactions and consolidate many different molecules into definite structures, ...

Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms are those organisms that are less than a millimeter in size and require the help of a microscope to view them. Microorganisms can be unicellular or multicellular but have very simple cell structure, unlike the highly developed, complex organisms such as larger animals and humans. Microorganisms are classified based on criteria such as their cell structure, pattern of growth, nutrition, reproduction method, etc. However, microbial classification is a challenging task due to the dual nature of some microorganisms that exhibit both animal and plant like characteristics. Some microorganisms are photosynthetic like plants but they also ...

Abstract

Solid waste and wastewater are primary sources of pollution from food processing industries. The wastewaters usually contain high suspended solids, organic starch and sugars that may contain toxic substances to the environment. Solid wastes come from organic materials while the mechanical preparation processes need biological treatment before releases into the environment. When untreated, they find their way into other water plants like lakes and streams. Since they have higher nutrient content, they result of eutrophication of the water systems hence causing algal growth. It, therefore, compromises the stability of the aquatic ecosystems as the water quality is changed. It ...

Organization:

The term biotechnology refers to any process that involves biology and technology. Though the term was coined as far back as 1919 by Karl Ereky (Verma et al., 2011), biotechnology was established as a field of applied science only in the late twentieth century with the advent of recombinant DNA technology. Recombinant DNA technology is the generation and application of recombinant DNA molecules or rDNA. In a nutshell, recombinant DNA technology involved the cutting of a fragment of DNA and its insertion into a specific circular DNA molecule called a vector. The DNA is cut by enzymes called restriction endonucleases, and joined to a vector ...

Weighing the Evidence

The concept of understanding the reason behind certain conclusions made by researchers is crucial in the attempt to evaluate certain drawn conclusions (Schmidt & Brown, 2009). The interpretation of the information gathered or rather the analysis of the collected data is important in the decision making process. The measures applicable by the necessary authority on establishing long-lasting solution on the issue at hand are highly dependable on the conclusions drawn from the data. All the steps involved in the research that is from formulation process, data collection, data analysis, and the presentation of the information are pertinent to determine the ...

The study entitled “Intestinal permeability, gut-bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol-dependence severity” by Leclercq et al., (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111.42 (2014): E4485-E4493) explores the possibilities of links between alterations in gut permeability, composition of gut-microbiota, as well as the activity of the gut metabolites and the increased depression, anxiety, and alcohol craving in alcohol-dependent subjects. Thus, the study aims to establish an association between gut dysfunction and the psychological symptoms resulting from alcohol dependence. In addition, reversibility of behavioral as well as biological parameters, after a short term alcohol detoxification was determined. There is a ...

People know the story of Typhoid Mary. According to newspapers and books written on Mary Mallon, the woman caused a typhoid outbreak in the United States. The outbreak happened in the 1900s and three people, out of the fifty-four Mary infected, died (Brooks 916). Mary Mallon was a cook in many the homes of some of the rich people in those days. In fact, her work at a rich man’s house led to the discovery that she is a carrier of Salmonella Typhi, the bacterium that causes typhoid (Brooks 916). The discovery happened because one of the children in the house tested ...

The health status of citizens gives an indication of the overall health levels in the nation. It involves several aspects on matters concerning health from personal health to the services provided at the healthcare setting. The PICOT questions analyzed is "in nurses who work in the orthopedic care centers (P), what effect do they, and the use of (C) different preoperative antibiotics prophylaxis among different patients (I) have on the rate of hospitalization or mortality of the patients (O)?" The issue about surgical site infection has been a great threat in ensuring the success of surgical procedures may it ...

Bacillus cereus is an endemic Gram-positive bacterium that dwells in the soil. It is rod-shaped, beta hemolytic, as well as a motile. A number of its strains are detrimental to human beings and lead to food borne diseases. Other strains can be helpful as probiotics for animals1. Bacillus cereus causes of fried rice syndrome, since the bacteria are characteristically contracted from fried rice, which has been left for many hours at room temperature2. B. cereus bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can secrete protective endospores just as other genus Bacillus members. Its virulence factors are phospholipase C, as well as cereolysin.
...

In the process of breathing, a molecule of oxygen has to pass through upper respiratory tract and then lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract consists of air passages of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea. The lower respiratory tract includes the parts present within the chest cavity namely lower trachea and lungs. The oxygen (from air) enters the respiratory system through nose. Nose is made of bone and cartilage covered with skin and has two nostrils divided by a bony septum. The nostrils are lined with fine hair which blocks the entry of dust and bacteria into ...

The following study was conducted to compare the efficacies of handwashing with soap and water alone on bacterial contamination of hands . Twenty volunteers, who intentionally contaminated their hands by contacting door handles and railings in public places, were assigned randomly to three treatments; handwashing, using water, handwashing with a plain non-antibacterial soap and no handwashing. Fecal bacterial species were detected in 44% of the samples after no handwashing. Handwashing with and water only decreased the bacterial contamination to 23 %, while handwashing with soap and water decreased the bacterial presence to 8% (p< 0.001) and the effective results were irrespective of ...

Introduction

Symbiosis is the interaction two or more different organisms that generally live in close physical relationship. More often, these organisms are living for both of their advantages. Part of the normal lives of these organisms naturally depends to one another. On the other hand, other interaction between the biotic components of our ecosystem is the antibiosis. This interaction is an antagonistic relationship between two or more organisms in which commonly happens to microorganisms. In tis relationship, only one may be adversely affected. Also, the ecosystem’s biotic components interactions are normally controlled by various biotic and abiotic factors, which ...

Asepsis

Microorganisms are the tiny microscopic structures that cannot be seen with naked eyes. They are present on all the living things and also in the environment. Some of these microorganisms are non pathogenic that is they do not cause any disease. However, many of the microorganisms are pathogenic in nature. The pathogenic microorganisms can cause disease or infections. Absence of these pathogenic microorganisms is known as asepsis.

Importance of asepsis

Asepsis is usually carried out in the laboratory mostly while dealing with microorganisms. The techniques used to carry out asepsis are known as aseptic techniques. If aseptic conditions are not maintained in ...

My telephone rings and it is Joe, my news manager.

“Jillian, there a breaking story. An invasion of the lungs. I need you on it. Where are you guys?”
“We’re just finishing up the interview in the femoral vein. We always edit later if you think it’s a hot story.”
“It’s bacteria. Our girls got a fever so you should be feeling the heat already,” he responds.
“We’re on it.” I tell my photographer Doug who also pilots this sub to head for the lungs.

“Which way?” he asks and I roll my eyes.

“If you would ever bother learning the background material before we’re miniaturized you wouldn’t have to ask. Head ...

Introduction

The urinary system is the filter mechanism used for flushing out toxic wastes and excess water out of the human body. Consisting of the two kidneys, the bladder, ureters and the urethra, the urinary system helps not only in discharging wastes from the body but also helps in regulating blood pressure and blood volume. The kidneys are two bean shaped organs positioned near the middle of the back on both sides of the spinal column. The kidneys produce urine by processing around 200 quarts of blood every day, and the amount of urine varies among individuals depending on the ...

Symbiosis is the association between two living organisms such that both parties derive usefulness or benefits from the association. The feature is especially observable between fungi and some trees. The fungi are especially useful in deriving nitrogen from the soil and providing it to the plant. The fungi benefits from the supply of carbon form the plant. Over and above the supply of nitrogenous nutrients, the fungi also provides phosphorus to the roots of the plant. These roots (or rhizae) are the ones that form an association with useful fungi in a symbiotic relationship that results in the formation of ...

[Title Here, up to 12 Words, on One to Two Lines]
[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
The evolutionary history of life on Earth goes back to the processes by which living and fossil organisms have formed since life on the planet first originated. Earth and the life inside its surface are estimated to be formed billion of years ago. The similarities between the current living forms signal the existence of a common origin from which all known species have branched off through the process of evolution.
In the ...

Microbiology Lab

Abstract
This laboratory report tries to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The Gram stain disclosed bacteria to be both gram-negative and positive and via microscopy it confirmed to be rod and cocci respectively. Now two different bacteria were on the agar. One was a coliform and other a non coliform. The bacteria were exposed to all essential microbiological techniques employed to recognize an unknown bacterial species. The unknown comprised about 1% of the total bacterial flora of humans and even most of the warm-blooded animals. The bacteria are the most extensively studied prokaryotic organism, and an essential species in the ...

Identification of water pollution in Denver Co Rivers

Water in Denver Co Rivers need to be conserved from the various pollutants that pollute it. There is need to eradicate E. coli bacteria and nutrients pollution which has been detected in Denver Co Rivers from a recently conducted research. It is important to note that no oil or gas pollution has been detected in the water. This research took samples in 29 locations in eight rivers in the flood zone. The highest levels of E. coli were detected in Big Thompson and Boulder Creek river watershed. Other areas with high levels of E. coli are areas in the South ...

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death and it`s because it is a silent killer and there is only a five year survival rate of 4 percent of the patients. Before the primary tumor is detected, metastasis has already spread to other parts. The current treatment options involve the removal of the tumor then followed by chemotherapy or radio therapy and the use of drops like Gemcitabine and Erlotinib.
There are different types of metastasis therefore there are other treatment alternatives to be sought after hence the option of radioactive listeria monocytogene which is a bacteria used as a ...

The medical fraternity is undergoing tremendous changes credited to the application of biotechnology. The latter refers to the application of technology in biological research activities. This expository essay shall essentially examine the changes in medicine courtesy of technology. It shall essentially concentrate on the continuing study of microbes and their effects on the lives of human beings. Two articles come into focus; “Tending the Body’s Microbial Garden” and “Microbes ‘R’ Us. It is instructive to appreciate the context from which the two articles are written. Both authors, Carl Zimmer and Olivia Judson, assume an embracive approach to medical ...

Introduction

With its origins in Peru, a Ceviche is a fresh raw dish that consists of fish marinated in a variety of citrus juices such as lime, orange or lemon and then spiced with chili peppers and other flavoring ingredients. One theory stipulates that the dish originated with the indigenous locals of Northern Peru. The Ceviche has in recent years spread to many parts of the Americas and it has become a common and popular dish. Essentially, a Peruvian Ceviche is a marinated seafood salad. In addition to the chili peppers, other seasonings such as coriander, chopped onions and salt may be added. To complement its ...

Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases known to cause medical illness in humans, and is the second most common cause of death due to infection worldwide (Riley, 2013). The bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. Tuberculosis) causes the disease; and while it is widely known that it affects the lungs of the individual, other organ systems may be affected in nearly one-third of cases (Harrison’s, 2008). Proper treatment in drug-susceptible strains leads to a cure; however, drug resistant strains or improper treatment has a 5-year survival rate between 50-65% of cases (Harrison’s, 2008). Transmission is through respiratory droplets passed from ...

Introduction

Among the most diverse organisms are bacteria. They are microscopic organism whose identification is done using a method called gram staining. Bacteria are found in different habitats. Bacteria are both harmful and beneficial to human beings. With the advancement in technology, even the finest details of these organisms can be studied. There are various types of bacteria. They differ in shape, size, function and formation. Below are a few examples.

Escherichia coli(E. Coli)

It is a bacterium that is normally found in the gut of animals that are warm blooded. It belongs to the family enterobacteriaceae. It is formed through DNA replication. It is beneficial ...

Introduction

Food items are always prone to spoilage which in most of the cases is precipitated by an increase in bad microbes that cause the food to change its property and thus food becomes unsafe for eating. The main purpose of inspection of food is to trace the presence of bad microbes that are available in most of the food products but below certain level they are harmless. Microbes are nothing but cells which are so microscopic that it is not possible to detect them when they are in very small numbers. In order to detect the presence of harmful ...

Health is actually the general condition of the body and mind of a person. Therefore, health means being free from pain, injury, or illness. Biology is a very imperative discipline that we can apply its knowledge to improve our health. The context that we live in is of great significance for our quality of life and health status. Health is improved and maintained through the application and advancement of health science. Additionally, the individuals or society’s intelligent lifestyle choices and efforts also improve and maintain health. Thus, Biology being ha sub field of science is crucial in our health.
...

Assignment topic: Infection control

Email:
Length: 1987 words excluding references and coverage
Primary Research Chosen for Infection Control analysis:
Amy M. Treakle, MD, Kerri A. Thom, MD, Jon P. Furuno, PhD, Sandra M. Strauss, BS M(ASCP), Anthony D. Harris, MD, MPH, and Eli N. Perencevich, M. (2010). Bacterial contaminations of health care workers' white coats. Am J Infect Control 37(2): 101–105.

1.1 SUMMARY
The issue that white coats worn by the medical staff being contaminated with hospital acquired infections causing microorganisms has raised concern among the population and the whole medical body. According to a research ...

The History and Modernization of Poultry Inspection Systems in the United States and the Food Safety Hazards that are Being Diminished because of Those Systems

Abstract

The accessibility, health benefits and low cost have kept the demand for poultry consumption up and poultry slaughter production plants moving forward; however, up until recent years there has been a lack of quality inspection standards leading to an increased amount of food safety issues. The pathogens that contaminate raw poultry products for human consumption are an issue in the United States. There have been new advances in technology which has led to an improvement ...

Classic English literature

Preventing food borne illnesses is a simple task and only requires some level of discipline on the part of individuals and food producing and handling corporation both private and government owned corporations. Simple hygiene practices which are often ignored should be insisted upon.
In the recent past, different dangerous infections have been affecting human beings. These infections have had high mortality rates significantly reducing the population of some areas especially in the developing countries. Some of these infections are as a result of poor living condition catalyzed by poverty and illiteracy. The illnesses commonly occur from our environment; from water ...

The field of microbiology was very limited until the discovery of the microscope, though it did exist in a very practical sense. Though scientists were ultimately wrong about what actually carried and transmitted the plague, for example, they were correct in hypothesizing that it came from an outside source. Between then and now, the microscope was developed, and has been improved upon more and more. Now we have a great classification scheme for prokaryotes (assuming bacteria). It follows the standard domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The standard for most eukaryotes is also the same for ...

Industrial microbiology has helped greatly in the discovery and development of substances that we use in our day to day life. It applies scientific and bioengineering techniques to processes and materials. Microorganisms produce valuable products of industrial microbiology.(Law 15) They include; Antibiotics, fermentation beverages, enzymes for amino acids synthesis, dairy products, and recovery of minerals from low grade ores, waste and waste water management, Biodegradation of xenobiotics, synthesis of chemotherapy drugs, just to name but a few. It’s a field that requires people to research on existing problems find or discover new products, get ways of producing and commercializing ...

Designing a Winogradsky Column

Introduction
A Winogradsky column is a micro-community designed to grow a smaller replica of a larger ecosystem. Sergi Winogradsky along with Martinus Willem Bejerink designed it when microbiology was a newly emerging science. At that time, there were few microbiological methods and most microbiologists were engaged in researching the “germ theory” of disease. Winogradsky broke away from this practice and investigated environmental by cultivating and studying microbial communities. His work furthered our understanding of microbial diversity, physiology autotrophy and environmental nutrient cycling. In particular, his efforts led to a greater understanding of sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Of particular interest in experiments that target a ...

Microbes are small living things that cannot be visualized by the naked eye and can cause diseases. To the first approximation life is a microbial. Microbes colonize every environment on earth and they play a key role in the biosphere. Pathogenic microbes are among the major cause of infections and death. To curb this scientists have come up with different ways to combat the infections that ultimately lead to death. The findings of the researches led to the invention of antimicrobial therapy which is the use of microbes to fight microbial infections(Stanier, 1988).
In the ancient era of antimicrobial ...

Microbe-Host Analysis

Microbe-Host Analysis

Introduction

It is unknown how long Staphylococcus Aureus (S. Aureus or staph) has been on this planet. We have been too busy trying to conquer all of successful attempts that it has made to evade our weapons against to establish an intricate epidemiologic profile of it. We do know when it was discovered to be a harmful bacteria, though. One of the primary toxins of staph, PVL, was first discovered by an assistant in Belgium by the name of H. van de Velde in 1894. He was taking care of some rabbits in a laboratory and noticed a ...

Of principal concern is the prevention and control of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) by medical practitioners in intensive care units (ICUs). VAP is one of the most frequently reported infections acquired by patients under mechanical ventilation healthcare. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) persists to be a frequent and potentially deadly complication of ventilator care (Chulay, 2005), often occurring within environments characteristic of the intensive care unit (ICU) that are high-tech and high touch. Patients who are ventilated and intubated present the unique challenge for critical care registered nurses (RNs) to incorporate evidence-informed practices concerning the delivery of high-quality care (Crunden, 2005).
Ventilator-Associated ...

Biomolecules serve different functions in a cell. The three major classes of biomolecules in the cell are: proteins, nuclei acids and carbohydrates. These molecular structures serve nearly similar functions in most organisms. Though the function of protein in forming cell architecture, signaling and communication is well known, little is known about the role of carbohydrate in communication. Nevertheless, it goes un-denying that carbohydrates are indispensable for cellular communication and signaling, just like proteins and nucleic acids. The paper titled, Carbohydrates in Cell Recognition, by the authors Nathan Sharon and Halina Lis, is a good review that elucidates the significance ...

Introduction

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that has adverse effects on the health of the patient if not diagnosed and treated at early stages of development. Human bodies are designed to develop resistance to pathogens that cause such infections despite the availability of medicinal cure for the infection. This paper seeks to answer various questions about the infection by first describing the disease and how it is contracted. The symptoms and problems associated with the disease are also discussed while providing a detailed explanation for the high recurrence rate of the disease among the African American urban women. Besides, ...

Critiquing Quantitative and Qualitative Studies

Several research techniques are available all with the aim of achieving precise data or information or data about something. Quantitative technique, sometimes referred to as true science, involves the use of mathematical and statistical methods in the analysis and drawing useful information from a specific set of data (Davies, 2009). On the other hand, qualitative is a type of technique used to study behavior and habits portrayed by humans under different environments. The critique is aimed at juxtaposing the two techniques involved in the field of research with critical analysis of the two methods.

Compare and Contrast Information

Hand hygiene especially in health care setting ...

Introduction

The collection of bacterial, archaeal, eukaryal and viral microbes in surface waters, oceans soils and wastes together constitute the environmental microbiome. This microbiome is vital to humans and the environment in several ways including but not restricted to nutrient recycling, biotechnological application in the food and beverage industry and genetic engineering technologies. Nonetheless, pathogenic microbes can invade and grow within other organisms causing disease (Egli and Koster).
Different strategies have been used to define microbial community structure across microbial ecosystems. Taxonomic classification based on morphologic and physiological traits of cultured microbial communities is no longer attractive since the ...

Introduction

The collection of bacterial, archaeal, eukaryal and viral microbes in surface waters, oceans soils and wastes together constitute the environmental microbiome. This microbiome is vital to humans and the environment in several ways including but not restricted to nutrient recycling, biotechnological application in the food and beverage industry and genetic engineering technologies. Nonetheless, pathogenic microbes can invade and grow within other organisms causing disease (Egli and Koster).
Different strategies have been used to define microbial community structure across microbial ecosystems. Taxonomic classification based on morphologic and physiological traits of cultured microbial communities is no longer attractive since the ...

Answer Questions

Answer Questions.

Dietary factors (an unhealthy diet).
Lifestyle (A sedentary lifestyle).
Genes (familial predisposition) (Wallis, 2014).
List four things that bacteria in our digestive system do to help us.
Digestion of plant fibers.
Influencing the storage of fat.
Influencing blood glucose levels.
Influencing response to hormones related to hunger (Wallis, 2014).
Of the four things you have listed above (answers 4-7) which is the best documented, the best understood scientifically?
The most understood and documented of the four activities is the digestion of plant fibers since bacteria have been found to digest organic materials both in vivo and in-vitro.

What are the two locations in the body that hold the most bacteria?

...

Assignment 2

PART A - (Total 15 marks)

Cephalexin and Gentamicin
The mechanism of action of amoxicillin is focused on the prevention of the synthesis of the bacteria’s cell wall through the binding and inhibiting of the cell wall transpeptidases (Katzung, Masters, and Trevor, 2012). Specifically, it attaches to the penicillin-binding protein 1A found in the cell wall of bacteria. Then, the agent disintegrates the lactam ring to allow the acylation of the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain. The formation of the cross-link of the linear peptidoglycan strands is prevented by the inactivation of transpeptidases. Since the third and last stage ...

Virulence and Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention

InstitutionVirulence and Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention
of Opportunistic Bacterial Infections
We live in a day that was much like 100 years ago, before antibiotics existed at all. The reason for this is that almost as soon as a new antibiotic is introduced, bacteria develop resistance to it. In 2008, a type of bacteria was found in China that has 45 specific genes meant solely to confer resistance to antibiotics just in its plasmid. Plasmid is a cellular material generated by bacterial colonies that are hard to penetrate with antibiotics, even without resistance genes (Lutz, 2016). As the search for ...

I have been asked to submit a research based, essay on a Critical Incident Analysis, which occurred on the ward on which I was working during my return to nursing course this year.
After looking at the various models of reflection that are available (Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, John’s Model of structured Reflection, Rolfe’s Framework for Reflective Practice), I have decided to use Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle. The choice of this model was based on the fact that I identified more with this style of reflection, and I felt that it would suit me better compared to the other two ...

Abstract

European Gypsy moths cause severe damage to trees and shrubbery by reducing the ability of the plants to carry out photosynthesis. The moths damage the plants causing the plants to die and/or to become vulnerable to infections. Plants are defoliated forcing the plants to grow new leaves disrupting the natural growing process of the plants. The environmental damage the moths cause results in loss of wooded areas, drought and high economic costs. The carbon cycle is disrupted due to the loss of trees. Gypsy moths are regarded as the worst insect pests in the United States. The infestation started ...

Prof:

Differences and similarities in the structure of salmonella enterica and lactococcus lactis.
The structural makeup of L.lactis makes it compatible with both aerobic and anaerobic reactions which makes it an important microbe for food production. It is a non-pathogenic bacterium with peptidoglycan component in their cell wall. They have cocci shape unlike salmonella enterica that is a rod shaped bacteria. The cocci of these bacteria come in pairs or short chains. The bacteria size is smaller than that of S. enterica. The size is 0.5-1.5 micrometer in length. The Lactococcus lactis is also non motile because of the absence of ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry
Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe.
Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

Pathogenic and Non-pathogenic Organisms

Salmonella enterica is a gram-negative rod, which flagellated. It is a member of the enteriobacteriaceae family and it has six subspecies. The bacteria usually reside in poikilothermic animals (PHAC, 2010). The bacteria has various serotypes which are characterized by surface antigens it includes the H antigen which is a flagellar antigen, the O antigen which is the Oligosaccharide antigen and the Vi antigen which is the polysaccharide antigen. Salmonella enterica is a facultative anaerobic organism. it is a motile, non-sporulating rod. the organism is a glucose and mannose fermenter. it does not produce gas and does not ferment lactose or sucrose. Most salmonellae produce Hydrogen ...

Introduction

Ice cream, a milk-based good, is an excellent medium for microbial growth owing to high nutrient value, virtually neutral pH value (~pH 6–7), and elongated storage interlude of ice cream. The components of ice cream may be of a diversity of amalgamations of milk, cream, condensed milk, dried milk, colouring materials, flavours, fruits, nuts, sweetening agents, eggs, and eggs products, and stabilizers. Any of these could add to microorganisms’ growth and influence the quality of the goods as evaluated by its bacterial load or the presence of different explicit bacteria species. Time reliant heating throughout the ice cream creation decreases ...

Pathophysiology of Rheumatic Fever

Introduction
Rheumatic Fever (RF) is the type of inflammatory disease that can develop due to untreated or inadequately treated throat infection (scarlet fever or strep throat) caused by a type of bacteria known as streptococcus (Carapetis, McDonald & Wilson, 2005). This paper is going to cover pathophysiology of the Rheumatic Fever. It will begin with the symptoms associated with RF. A description of mechanisms or processes that take place in a person infected with RF will be described. This will be followed by a discussion of the causes of RF. There is a section dedicated to the pathophysiology of RF ...