Equal Protection College Essays Samples For Students

Implications of Equal Protection under the Law

Introduction
Ability grouping is a common educational practice that is now commonly utilized in the US. The practice is used in order to enable the use of different instruction methods in schools. This is done with the intention of meeting the educational needs of different students (McCarter, 2014). The presence of the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment of the US Constitution raises the question of whether ability grouping of K-12 students is legal or illegal. The purpose of this essay is to delve into the effects of equal protection under the law in relation to ability group ...

There were a number of cases brought before the Supreme Court of the United States in relation to racial discrimination. In Brown vs. Board of Education, the Supreme Court in the United States declared that it was unconstitutional to continue practicing state laws which separated public schools for Black and White students. The decision ruled that such state laws were a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. On the contrary, Plessy vs. Ferguson the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the state laws that supported racial segregation, especially in public facilities. These laws became practical ...

Law

The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment prohibited the states from treating persons differently based on characteristics such as race, color, age, nationality, ethnicity gender and social standing. This was enunciated in the case decided by the Supreme Court which imposed the same obligation on the federal government under the Fifth Amendment and after the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified. The Fourteenth Amendment allowed racial segregation the case of Plessy v. Ferguson. The Supreme Court decided a law separating races was constitutional provided that the facilities of equal quality were made available to all, whites and blacks. However, this was ...

The Bush v. Gore case commenced following the November 2000 elections where George W. Bush was declared the winner. Gore sought for a physical recount of votes in various Florida counties: Nassau, Miami-Dade, and Palm Beach counties. He requested the recount in a trial court in Florida, the Leon County Circuit trial court, relying upon one of its statutes that provided for contesting the election’s outcome. The statute allowed candidates to challenge election results if there were receipts of illegal votes, or rejection cases of legal votes that were significant to change the outcome of an election, or to put ...

United States V. Virginia

518 U.S. 515 (1996)
Factual background: Virginia Military Institute, also known as “VMI” became one of the fifteen (15) sole single-sexed public institutions situated in the state of Virginia. The mission and objective of VMI is to be able to train male citizen soldiers who shall become the leaders in the future. The training inside the institution adheres to the adversative method, where the trainees are required to undergo physical tests, mental stress, absence of privacy among others. During the trial, the District Court admitted that there are females who miss out on the educational opportunity and training ...

The federal government of the United States consists of three separate, but equal main branches; judiciary, legislature and executive. The basic duties of the different branches are outlined in the constitution. The judiciary interprets the laws; the legislature makes the laws and the executive enforce the laws. Checks and balances are crucial to any government as they reduce any amount of power anyone can have. Constitutionalism put in place the rule of law which provides that no one is above the law, hence limiting the power of government bodies and leaders. Checks and balances is a mechanism designed in an ...

Women Rights Movement was formed to dismantle the gender hierarchy that had been embedded in the American society. The Women Rights Movement was formed to fight for equality in the society such that both men and women would enjoy equal opportunities both at a socio-political point and economically (Dautrich 125). Women were denied their right to work and a law was enacted such that women earned a lower pay compared to the men. These were some of the things that instigated Women Rights Movement in the American society. This paper will examine how courts have progressed from gender classification laws to universal ...

Business

The baptism of the Civil Rights Movement in 1954 was initiated in the case of Brown v. Board when black children were not allowed to admission in the public schools were the white children were enrolled pursuant to the law which required the segregation based on the race of the students. The issue in this case was whether or not the separation of black students from white students in public schools on the basis of race is tantamount to deprive the minority children the equal protection of law in accordance to the Constitution (Brown vs. Board 3). The Supreme ...

Gay marriage is a controversial social practice within the United States. Jost, an editor at Sage Publications, explains in his article entitled “Marriage Showdowns: Will Voters Bar Marriage” that “seven states have legalized gay marriage while more than 26 states have had either constitutional amendments that prohibit gay marriage or statutory bans (Jost 3). Friedman's book entitled Gay Marriage explains that the existing policy on gay marriage is based on the provisions of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) that was passed by the federal government in 1996 (Friedman 31). DOMA defines a marriage as a union between a man and woman and ...

The case in question represents Abigail Fisher, a white female who was denied admission at the University of Texas since she failed to qualify for the Texas Top Ten Percent Plan. She argued that the university considered many factors to fill the remaining slots including race, which was against the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. The district court, court of appeals and Supreme Court held that the university's admissions process was constitutional (Liptak, 2016). Some judges including Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Chief Justice John Roberts voiced their dissent regarding the ruling.
The attorneys, in this case, ...

I. Introduction
A corporation is a common type of business organization in which its owners have the ability to use it as a separate, and distinct legal entity. One of the primary differences between a corporation and other types of business organizations, such as a sole proprietorship or general partnership, is that a duly formed corporation is, legally a person. Moreover, under the law, a corporation is a legal person who the owners, in essence, can control and direct to carry out a range of activities. To be sure, corporations are deemed to have a personality or personhood, including ...

Facts and History of the Case

In order to understand the point of reviewing the case of Obergefell v. Hodges, on has to be aware of the facts about the case first. The Obergefell v. Hodges case was a landmark case that was handled by no less than the United States Supreme Court . The main issue at hand was the constitutionality of the previously implemented clauses banning same sex marriages. There were two issues at hand here. The first one was the legalization of same-sex marriage. The second issue was whether the prior and the still existing bans on same-sex marriage were constitutional or otherwise. ...

Alignment of the single-sex admission policy of Virginia Military Institution (VMI) aligns with the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was the issue raised in United States v. Virginia. VMI has been an all-male institution since its inception in 1839.
In deciding that the single-sex admission policy of VMI violated the equal protection clause, the majority opinion relied on ‘intermediate scrutiny’ test applied in the prior case of Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan. In the Hogan case, the Court employed the ‘intermediate scrutiny’ test, but applied this in terms of the ‘exceedingly persuasive justification’ standard. The standard ...

Business Law Paper Answers

Business Law Paper Answers

Explain the Duty to Rescue as developed by the Yania v. Bigan case on page 3 of the textbook?

The duty to rescue describes about the circumstances and situations in which one group can be detained legally responsible for not rescuing the other party, a group, or an individual from danger. There is a penalty for those who fail to rescue others in certain conditions. It can occur after hazardous situation in which the creator may not be a negligent. So, where the duty of rescue arises the beholder should act in a certain way of care. The duty to rescue can be observed from the case of Yania v. Bigan. Bigan asked Yania to jump into the ...

Dandridge V. Williams

Factual Background: The Social Security Act of 1935 implemented the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, which was jointly funded by the state and federal governments. The objective of the program is to grant financial assistance to children who come from indigent families with insufficient or no income. It is the state that will determine the computation of the “standard of need” required for every family. In the state of Maryland, the standard of need had given an increase for each additional member of the family. However, the increment was reduced since there was an upper limitation ...

The United States constitution is a well written plan or set of rules for the national government. It explains how laws are made, how leaders are chosen and what the national government can and cannot do. The constitution includes ten amendments called the bill of rights. This gives the American people important rights and freedoms. The fourteenth amendment was effected so as to makes the prohibitions against government encroachments upon individual liberties and freedom of the bill of rights applicable to the state. The first ten amendments to the constitution, that is, the bill of rights serves to guarantee the ...

In the 1996 case, United States v. Virginia, the Supreme Court held that the state run Virginia Military Institute’s (VMI) official and traditional policy of only allowing male students to be admitted was unconstitutional. According to the Court, as a state institution that barred woman from entering without a showing that the policy was furthered or was substantially related to an important government purpose, violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause (United States v. Virginia, 1996). The Court came to this decision even though Virginia had decided to establish a female only school, the Virginia Women’s ...

The 13th Amendment put an end to slavery once and for all when it declared that slavery was no longer permitted throughout the United States and all of its territories. This applied to not only slavery, but to involuntary servitude as well. The only exception to this would be if it were implemented as a form of punishment for crimes that were clearly legislated as such. The Amendment also included the granting of all power necessary to the Congress in the process of enforcing this legislation regarding any situations involving the enslavement of free people. This was necessary because ...

The case United States v. Virginia represents the United States’ suit against Virginia Military Institute. Virginia Military Institute is a military school that provides teaching only for one sex, that is for men. The case appealed to the Fourteenth Amendment, namely to the Equal Protection Clause, stating that Virginia Military Institute violated the Constitution. As a result of the Fourth Circuit’s order, Virginia created a program for women in Mary Baldwin College, called Virginia Women’s Institute for Leadership ("United States V. Virginia et al., 518 U.S. 515 (1996)", n.p.).
The views dealing with this case were divided ...

Introduction

Over the decades, the minority groups in America society such as the blacks, American Indians, and Asians as well as women have been discriminated. Mainly, the discrimination of these groups has been manifested significantly in education, career opportunities, and in employment. To curb this racial and gender prejudices, the American Federal government and Supreme Court have enacted numerous legislation to support for equality of these underrepresented groups in the society. One of the most apparent and profoundly supported legislation is the affirmative action.
In this paper, we analyze the actual meaning of the term Affirmative Action. Next, the paper ...

Present day education systems of the United States of America are subject to racially diversified college classrooms that are significantly different from the classes that existed by the second half of the twentieth century. The notable change is the outcome of “affirmative action” that became law under the Executive Order 11246 courtesy of President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. As per the terms of the executive order, publicly funded companies could not discriminate based on any traits including skin color, gender, and religion. In the end, the action sought to serve two purposes: make efforts to allocate equal opportunity for ...

Undocumented immigrants are individuals that cross the border into the USA without entry visas, especially individuals that avoid inspection or overstay their time allowed as visitors, tourists, or businesspersons. These illegal immigrants make up about 4% of the American population and account for approximately 8% of the children born.
In the first class post, the author collaborates my view that undocumented immigrants’ children should be allowed American citizenship because the children have no control over where they should or shouldn’t be born. I agree with the author that the USA is a land of equality and opportunities that ...

(Course number)

Education is an invaluable wealth which transcends race, religion, culture, gender and which everyone must possess. Every person has the right to be educated according to his vocation and interest. Just like any other freedom, education must be enhanced, developed and protected. Unfortunately, some policies of the State are restrictive insofar as the kind of programs and education every university should offer and implement. Hence, the State resolved that Chinese Universities should not be allowed to implement their own chosen academic programs.
It is the aim of this paper to refute the policy of the State in ...

History:

The Reconstruction era and the settlement of the West were two of the most defining events in American history. These are the formative years when the United States experienced tremendous changes in its political, social and economic conditions. The Reconstruction period affected much of the Southern part of the United States, especially those that concerned the African-Americans and their newly acquired freedom. On the other hand, the settlement of the West, despite contributing much to the improvement of the economy, brought the unavoidable conflict between the government and the Native Americans.

THE RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD

The Reconstruction period started in 1865 until 1867. ...

Introduction

Racial profiling has been a national problem for America for a long time despite claims that the nation has passed that era. Racial profiling occurs every day everywhere across America when people of color are targeted by private security and law enforcement for frightening detentions, searches and interrogations without evidence that they are criminals. The detentions, searches and interrogations are usually based on perceived race, ethnicity, national origin or religion. Race and location are dominant characteristics that authorities look at when engaging in this type of profiling. This paper will give an understanding of racial profiling, the legislations and case laws ...

The constitution of the United States has been amended several times. In fact, it has been changed 27 times in order to revise and correct the original one so as to apply new provisions for the benefit of the general public. One of the constitution’s amendments is the 14th Amendment, which is included in the Reconstruction Amendments that happened after the Civil War. In this study we discussed that the 14th Amendment originated from the country’s history along with the reasons why it has been added to the constitution. Thus, this amendment provides several purposes as to ...

Introduction

The Warren Court (1953-1968) saw a number of substantive changes in the area of individual rights and due process. Cases such as Miranda v Arizona and Griswold v Connecticut have enlarged the scope particularly of the Equal Protection Clause interpreted under the Warren Court. Before the dispensation of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the “reasonable basis test” was utilized for categorizing that do not involve racial or nationality factors, and the prior version did not view the importance of the state objective (National Paralegal College, 2007, p. 1).
Prior to the Miranda decision, the holding was that statements taken during ...

The fourteenth amendment of the United States Constitution safeguards the right of the people for equal recognition and protection under the law. Specifically, the 14th Amendment states,“no State shall make or enforce any law that shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
However, this particular provision had been open to interpretation for such a long time. Thus, cases like Plessy vs. Fergusson ...

Introduction

Same sex marriage and its acceptance in the society has been a topic of discussion for long. While the opponents of same-sex marriage argue that it is against nature, the supporters of the institution argue that the very basis of individual freedom of choice is denied by not recognizing this marriage. There are many states in USA including Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, Washington, New Jersey and Hawaii that recognize and license same-sex marriages and treat them as equal as heterosexual marriages. On the other hand, there are states including Utah, Michigan, Virginia, Texas and Oklahoma that do not recognize same-sex ...

The Constitution of the USA gives states the authority and delegates them the power to conduct elections. However, despite this, there are certain federal requirements that not only shape but also constrain a state’s authority and power to regulate.
The main aspect of the Constitution’s electoral regulation is that of protection. It makes sure that the rights of all those citizens who are qualified to vote are protected, in both federal and state-wide elections. Most specifically, Constitutional amendments prohibit:
- The denial of the right to vote due to race, color or previous condition of servitude ...

America, After the Civil War

Reconstruction and widespread of industrialization
Two major turning points happened during the reconstruction and widespread of industrialization period in South America after the Civil war. First, African-Americans or ‘black Americans were freed from slavery under the rule of President Abraham Lincoln. Three senators sponsored the bill proposing to abolish slavery nationwide, Lyman Trumbull of Illinois, Charles Sumner of Massachusetts and John Henderson of Missouri. Second is the fourteenth and fifteenth amendment of the US constitution.
After having freed from slavery, the next thing that black Americans do is to work in farms and factories to gain economically ...

Hello President Obama,

Hurricane Harris has just struck our area and we are in a state of emergency but trying to get our lives back in order. Since the storm we have had many families rendered homeless and the education activities in our area have been paralyzed. I understand that the constitution of the United States provided for equal protection for all under the Equal Protection Clause. We have worked hard over the years to make sure that we secure a good life for our children and future generations. However, this natural calamity has completely changed our lives through the massive destruction of property ...

The decision that the Supreme Court made on May 17, 1954 is considered one of the most one of the most awe-inspiring and impressive decisions that the Supreme Court has ever rendered. The decision also marked a turning point in race relations that have taken place throughout the history of the United States. On one side were those who were in support of a social system on the basis of racial inferiority, and on the other side were those in support of a society that struggles to recognize the archetype of equal opportunity. Since our society is so complex and diverse, it ...

I. Introduction

It has been a long standing debate for over thousands of decades whether or not imposition of capital punishment is an effective means to deter commission of crimes. Advocates of capital punishment or death penalty makes reference to the biblical passage from Exodus 21:23-25, “An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, a hand for a hand, a tooth for a tooth,” which means that for every wrong done, there must be a compensating measure of justice. While on the other hand, the group who believes that capital punishment is severe, degrading, inhuman, brutal and cruel sentence, and it is only God who is the ...