Income Distribution College Essays Samples For Students

Abstract

This paper first examines the factors contributing to the widening of the income distribution in the United States. It then explores the theories and trends in income distribution based on the macroeconomic and other indicators that have affected the distribution of income in recent decades. We found that the impact of inequality of income distribution affects the economic growth. The widening of the income distribution has contributed to a critical assessment of government policies. The paper also cautions the trend in the distribution of household income in the period between 1976 and 2007 based on the Gini index. Similarly, education ...

Income Distribution and Poverty

The most important aim of modern economic efforts worldwide is the reduction of global poverty . Economic studies have shown that a combination of both economic growth and income distribution will help reduce poverty. However, scholars are still debating the real definition of the concept of development. The discourse has led to an examination of the philosophical implications of true development, and its overall effect on the living standard of the people involved. In all of these cases, the dimension of per capita income, income distribution and poverty remain the central dimension to gauging whether true economic development is achieved. It ...

Interpreting Market Trends for BMW Dealership in Sydney, Australia

Specializing in the sale of automobiles in Sydney’s BMW dealer has been a top premium brand choice. However, with an ever-changing environment and new trend factors, the General Manager, Helga Schmit would seek to re-think the dealership’s marketing strategies in order to assist it produce batter sales results. Thus, there will be a need for collecting data on various market factors that are specific to the Sidney’s BMW market. In that view, the collection of data will be focused on the capital city of Sydney, Australia. The data factors are summarized as follows:
- Disposable income: Employment ...

Problem Statement

There are a number of reasons, defined by the ethical as well as the economic and the political scenes, for the non-diminishing interest in addressing the gap between the rich and the poor. "The rich get richer and the poor get poorer" is an aphorism, which outlines the major views on economic inequality and the criticism, seen in academic and business literature, towards the philosophy of free market and capitalism in general. One of the principal works, laying the foundation for the discussion, is the work by Thomas Piketty, Capital in the Twenty-First Century (2014), who places the idea ...

The Promotion of Mixed Income Neighborhoods in Hollywood, California

Chapter I:
Introduction
The facts are impossible to ignore: focusing on places, health and walkability requires increased public transit infrastructure, which creates new jobs, enlivens neighborhoods, creates local business opportunities and connects communities, both vulnerable and thriving, to vital amenities and resources. (Raphael &Espiau, 2010, par. 9)
Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a neighborhood development plan focusing on easy access to major transit stops. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) defined TOD during the 1990s when undertaking a project consisting of initiatives to promote livable communities: “Transit-oriented communities are characterized by design and development patterns that are conducive to the ...

The following paper attempts to state what actually the Occupy Wall Street movement is and whether it should continue or not in the present circumstances. OWS movement was initiated by a Canadian activist group by the name of Adbustersin 2011. The main goals of the movement were to protest against the rising inequalities of wealth distribution in the US and eradicate problems such as unemployment and corruption in businesses. The main reasons for the widening gaps in the wealth distribution amongst the US citizens are over-capitalization and coercive practices of large corporations. In the end the paper concludes by stating ...

Introduction

The majority of today’s economic commentators and politicians are opined that capitalism is the best way to build a perfect society. Furthermore, several research studies demonstrated that this assumption is also deeply ingrained in the contemporary public opinion of many Americans, who strongly believe that the current system of income distribution is the shortest way to making the American, and, possibly, the international society completely egalitarian (Robibson & Santos 9). Many people from the developing countries believe that the American economic system provides is the best way to make it possible for everyone in the country, as well as ...

Chapter V

Discussion of Results and Conclusions
This dissertation began with a quote from Raphael and Espiau (2010, par. 9) describing the positive outcomes that are the goals of TOD. Those goals include offering a high quality of life, healthy neighborhoods, and increased public transit infrastructure. The goals are expected to create equitable communities because jobs and equal access to facilities and services exist. Hollywood in Los Angeles County (LAC) has had especially challenging problems due to the sheer number of cars and people involved in the congestion of the highways. The LAC Metro has been a forerunner in the U.S. in organizing ...

Question 1

The violence of white southerners towards African, Republicans and their sympathizers was extremely evident throughout the reconstruction. This can be explained by the fact that they felt threatened by legislation to offer rights for former slaves. There violence was motivated by the civil rights bill of 1987, which declared right to all slaves. The white southerners thought the bill would reduce them to social equality and started the violence against the Republicans and their sympathizers as the way of resting the move. This bill threatened the economy of the southerners because the African Americans were extremely useful in their ...

Financial Development and Economic Growth bear a strong relationship with each other. “Theory and evidence imply that better developed financial systems ease external financing constraints facing firms, which illuminates one mechanism through which financial development influences economic growth” (Levine, 2005). Studies suggest that an economy’s financial system cuts transaction and information costs which in turn results into mobilizing savings, better investments and proper resource allocation. These in turn bring about innovation in technology, accumulation of capital and economic growth.
Levine (2005) suggests that when financial intermediaries are present in the market, investors gain access to high quality and ...

Human Resource Management Issues

Introduction
The human resource unit is perhaps the most dynamic one compared to virtually all the others. Majorly, this arises from the fact the human resource deals with the most important part of an organization and that is the employees. Therefore, there is a need for constant evolution in this area to ensure that the organization stays at par with the changing requirements of the employee.
Specifically, various issues are of utmost concern to each agency. For instance, compensation and benefits for the employees are one of the most important areas that the human capital department deserves to pay ...

In developed nations such as Canada, the more accurate measure of poverty is relative poverty. Relative poverty is the standard by which individuals are unable to maintain the average living conditions in the society by which he or she lives in. This school of thought is largely based on the standard prevailing in the country. It thus differs depending on the country. For poorer countries, the threshold is low. Meanwhile for richer countries, those whose earnings may be considered within range in another state may be classified as poor in terms of such count.
Research has shown that poverty ...

In general, many indicators of well-being of Canada are very highly related to most other countries represented in the rating of the index of living quality. In Canada, poverty is generally defined on basis of the poverty line; people with income below the poverty line is considered poor. In Canada, the number of people living in poverty generally increases.
The most complete information on poverty statistics gives Statistic Bureau of Canada. According to the latest published data, in 1997 in Canada 5.2 million people lived below the poverty line, representing 17.5% of the total population of Canada. This number ...

Introduction

Trade unions are organizations that represent the working people. The membership of these organizations comprise of employees from different sectors of trade, professions and occupations. The union’s main objective is to represent its members in the working environment and in the general society. The working of the trade union is through collective bargaining as well as through a harmonized rule-making process. The South Africa trade union is the largest in Africa and plays a big role in the labor market and industrial relations in determining policies in the country. There are three prominent trade unions in South Africa whose connections ...

Components of GDP in the Expenditure Approach

The gross domestic profit can be defined as the value attached to all finished services and goods produced in the confines of a country within a specified time frame and in monetary terms. The GDP is oftentimes calculated annually. It is among the major indicators employed in the assessment of the strength of an economy in any given country (GDP and the Economy, 2014). There are several approaches of calculating the GDP of a country. These approaches include the income approach, the production approach and the expenditure approach. In the expenditure approach, the calculation of the country’s GDP is measured as a ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

‘Subject’
The Gini coefficient is a measure used to detect the degree of inequality that prevails in the income or wealth distribution of a country. The method was developed by Corrado Gini, an Italian statistician. He published a paper titled “Variability and Mutability", in the year 1912, in which he proposed this measure that calculates the inequality of income distribution through a scale between zero and one. If the Gini coefficient is zero, it implies that the citizens of the particular country/region have a similar level of income. On the other hand, if it is one that means that the country has an ...

the Promotion of Mixed Income Neighborhoods in Hollywood, California

Overview

In California, the Los Angeles Metro, government, public organization and communites have worked hard to develop TOD projects in several locations in California. Los Angeles County (LAC) in Southern California is bordered by the Pacific Ocean; and near enough to the southern border of the U.S. that many people have migrated north to LA. Hollywood acts like a magnet for people looking for work in the movie industry and for tourists. years. In fact, the congestion of people and their cars in LAC has made it one of the most crowded ...

Developing Countries Detrimental to Economic Growth?

Economics: Is a Policy of Poverty Reduction in
Developing Countries Detrimental to Economic Growth?
The prevalence of poverty has always been a persistent problem especially in developing countries; and the rising concern towards poverty reduction has been evident in the Millennium Development Goal (MDG). For pro-growth policy makers, the most effective tool to reduce poverty in the developing countries is economic growth. The Department for International Development recognizes the critical role of rapid and sustained growth in fostering faster progress in the attainment of the MDG. Growth can generate virtuous circle of prosperity and opportunity. Strong growth and employment ...

Pollution is because of production whose wastes spill over to other regions. There are three distinct patterns as far as geographical pollution distribution is concerned; first is where pollution is concentrated in agglomerations, for example, in third world countries, secondly where environmentally harmful activities are located in, for example, nuclear power stations. Finally, there is uniformly distributed pollution because of the government having strict environmental laws (Rauscher and Bourman n.pag). After the 1978, love canal scandal, activist are reframing toxic exposure issues using environmental justice According to Cable and Shrivera; Capek, (qtd in Daniels & Friedman 245). This perspective provides ...

With the new invention of technology, marketing is taking another way that might be a threat or beneficial in the marketing industry. The imperative of digital engagement and innovation have emerged in the business and mostly the marketing sector. The businesses now realize the need to use the digital platform to engage with their customers, key stakeholders so as to maintain the relevance and the drive for conversations (Kittaneh, 2014). However, few people in the market realize how fast the change should take place, or how fast the transformational the process should be. Therefore, the business needs to embrace ...

Question/Problem Definition

In a global and competitive world of corporation, each organization aims to acquire a significant share of market and earn lucrative profits from loyal customers. On the contrary, the customers want products and services from organizations that ensure their quality at least possible price. In order to produce and deliver a quality product and/or service to the customers, it is important to have an in-depth customer orientation and standardization in production processes. The two aspects need a strong synchronization with the organizational culture and strategic decision-making.
Organizations need to sustain a strong compliance with quality guidelines and factors that ...

Abstract

The mainstream economic theory holds that globalization is beneficial for every country, both developing and developed. However, the mainstream view relies on the comparative advantage theory, which embraces many unrealistic assumptions such as free mobility of labor and sustainable trade. These assumptions lead to adverse effects to countries that adopt globalization without a strategic plan. Importantly the U.S. is experiencing loss of jobs, an imbalance in income distribution and unfair competition due to globalization. These impacts arise when companies shift their production process to cheap labor zones and due to increased demand for skilled labor.
This paper has four ...

Essay 3

Essay 3

Introduction

Equality is essential to the development of any nation. In fact, the implementation of laws that enhance fairness through equal distribution of resources and justice heightens the possibility of economic growth. With this in mind, it is essential to note that justice entails fair treatment of people through the abolition of discrimination and favoritism. Precisely, the globe should be free from racism, economic exploitation, sexism, brutality and government oppression for justice to be upheld. However, the need to acquire wealth and enhance economic development has led to the creation of a wide margin between the rich and ...

INEQUAILITY OF INCOME

The degree of inequality of income in an advanced economy can be measure by measuring the amount of income that is earned through different segments of the population. For example, “if we break down all workers into five different segments in regards to how much money they make: the top 20 percent, the second 20 percent, the third 20 percent, the fourth 20 percent, and the bottom 20 percent,” then an individual is able to create a chart that details how much income each segment of the population earns out of the total amount of income for that area ( ...

The progressive taxation means that the taxes are being collected in proportions in the ability to pay, which means the people who are earning more are taxed at a high rate while the people with less income pay a lower percentage of tax. The higher burden is put on the wealthiest citizens. The taxation is reducing the gap between the wealthy and the poor (Bergstrand, Cosimano, Houck, Sheehan, 2015). I believe the progressive taxation is good, but still many changes must be done for the United States since the country is based on the statistics on the first place ...

Delivery date

Policies are principles put in place by the government to help guide them in making decisions so as to achieve desired outcomes. The States employ many strategies to help them bring about economic growth and development, as well as, increase the productivity levels of the country. This paper will focus on strategies employed by the United States government to influence economic progress and productivity. It will also assess whether each of the policies has improved or weakened the people’s quality of life. Approvals that might advance these policies will also be made.
The most pressing challenge currently in ...

Question1

Coontz and Folbre cite that 1996 welfare legislation aims to promote marriage and some cities provide bonuses to couples (Risman 18). Some legislators request congress to divert project fund to marriage programs to increase the rates of marriage. The current administration increases the spending of marriage to ensure those languishing in poverty get married. Policymakers voice that failure to marry results in child poverty (Risman 22).Coontz and Folbre give evidence that marriage has social and economic benefits. The married couples ensure children benefit from a higher standard of living (Risman 23). This plan to reform the marriage fails to ...

Improving Housing Quality in Canada to Improve Health

REF: IMPROVING HOUSING QUALITY IN CANADA TO IMPROVE HEALTH.
The basic issues that determine the health of Canadians are not medical related or lifestyle choices but rather the conditions they experience in their living. These are primarily the determinants of social health. This is according to the research that has been done over the years in Canada. Most Canadians are not aware that their health is majorly shaped by how the income they earn is distributed. It is also shaped by education about health, race, disability, gender, aboriginal status, healthy services, and housing.
One of the major ...

Income inequality is a measure of how income is divided among the members of various economic classes, in the state of California; this has been on the sharp increase. This has been established through the analysis of general income distribution in the state among the rich and the poor. This, when compared with the national and regional income presents the clearest picture of glaring income inequalities between the rich and the poor in California.
The income gap between the poor and the rich and among the whites and the blacks has been increasing in California for the last two ...

About South Africa

South Africa is located in the southern part of continental Africa. It is the 25th largest country worldwide. It is surrounded by neighboring countries (e.g., Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, and Lesotho). On its sides and southernmost tip are the Indian and Atlantic oceans.
South Africa has three government capitals: Pretoria (executive); Cape Town (legislative); and, Bloemfontein (judicial). Its largest city is Johannesburg. It has nine (9) provinces, eight (8) metropolitans, and 44 district and 226 local municipalities. As of 2011, South Africa is home to more than 50 million natives and immigrants. It also has 11 officially ...

Introduction to Income Inequality

Income inequality is one of the fundamental economic problem with social and economic consequences. Income inequality might influence many areas in social life and individual lives such as politics, social changes, psychology, criminology and public health (Adler et. al., 1993; . When individuals do not have equality in opportunities of accessing labor market, health and education services, businesses environment, and other important areas in social life will influence individuals' lives and create social classes with different settings (Benhabib and Rustiching, 1991): Some people will be able to have access all the opportunities in the social life and they will ...

While the recession of 2008 has frightened many people because of the seeming inability of many industries to return to a pattern of growth, the widespread panic does not rival the national turmoil that took place during the Great Depression that started in 1929 and did not really end, in the sense that people went back to work in large numbers, until the start of the Second World War. The massive production spurred by that war effort started an economic boom that benefited all classes until a slowdown began in the early 1970s. At that point, a trend of income inequality began ...

American Economic Recovery

The 1980s and 1990s are arguably one of the best periods in the United States of America’s economy. For instance, the 1990s was a successful period where real family incomes and real earnings improved, for the first time after 1960s, throughout the income distribution. Gottschalk (2003) explains that even though 1960s and 1950s experienced good economic performance, the subsequent recession and oil shock during early 1970s changed the situation. A decade of rising income and earnings inequality, slow economic growth and rapid inflation coupled with three recessions followed. Despite all these economic challenges, America later recovered in the early ...

The distribution of income has always been a common theme, one which has caused big schisms in economic thought. The huge economic inequalities that exist between individuals are criticized by those who have more egalitarian views, and cherished by others who claim it is a needed condition for economic growth and advancement (Hawkins, 2004). Whatever effects economic inequality may imply, it is of essence to understand the causes and structure of this issue; what it is correlated with and how it is distributed among the citizens. In Turkey, the preoccupation with inflation and macroeconomic stability which dominated the last years of ...