Punishment College Essays Samples For Students

Oshinsky claimed that the farm penal system is worse than slavery because , the farm system was derived from the plantation model of imprisonment. An overall philosophy of punishment that rooted from racist assumptions regarding the abilities of the black prisoners in the South (Fisher-Giorlando , 2012, p. 1). The farm system ...

Introduction

Capital punishment has been used by many countries since time immemorial to punish people and bring justice in society. Death penalty as a form of punishment continues to elicit different opinions among many groups of people with the punishment receiving an almost equal measure of support and condemnation. The death penalty has been introduced in several states in the United States and whether this has succeeded in reducing crime is a debatable issue. Capital punishment has not been effective in reducing crime. The death penalty does not deter others from committing murder. The ...

Corporal punishment is the intentional infliction of physical pain given to students for an offence committed. It may take several forms such as hitting, slapping, pinching, kicking, slapping and use of various objects. The main objective of applying corporal punishment is intended to reform behavior. However, it has been viewed as a result of both social and collective problems. For example, corporal punishment in schools is associated with reduced quality of school life among students. On the other hand, spanking is a form of discipline used on children. Also, it takes the form of deliberate striking the bottom of ...

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Introduction

Capital Punishment, also known as a Death Penalty, is a legal process by which a person accused of a crime is put to death. The term is derived from the Latin word “capitalis”, meaning beheading. Widely regarded as one of the most controversial topics of the 21st century, this paper focuses on the historical, moral and social aspects of the use of capital punishment. It covers all arguments both in favor of and against this form of punishment.

Historical Significance

Capital Punishment and Death Penalty Law is a centuries old phenomenon. The first death penalty laws were established in ...

Behavioral Psychology is one of the basic topics in psychology that looks into how people or animals behave the way they behave. Although, behavioral psychology is one of the foundations of psychology, teachers have observed that students find the topic a little difficult to understand. The topic tries to find an explanation why people or animals have their corresponding mental and physical reactions in response to certain stimuli. In behavioral psychology, the idea is that the behavior of people and animals can be both conditioned and results of either rewards or punishments applied to them. Further, it is also ...

Conditioning in Psychology refers to the processes by which repeated stimulus produce predictable and frequent response. There are two types of conditioning namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during his digestive system research (Kalat, 2011). Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated whenever they sighted attendants dressed in lab coats. He attributed this behavior to the repeated exposure of both food and lab coats to the dogs. Pavlov investigated the behavior by ringing a bell whenever he was presenting food to dog. After repeated occurrences, he observed that the dogs could salivate when the ...

Capital punishment uses death penalty as a form of punishment in many states and countries. It is a practice that has raised endless questions all over the world. Capital punishment or death penalty policy has changed in many countries overtime. Countries such as, New Australia, Zealand and 15 states in the US do not have capital punishment. One of the major concerns arising with capital punishment is because it causes ending of a human life. People and organizations of different backgrounds are not pleased with the practice because it undermines humanity. Society being mixed of different people there are ...

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us.
In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one ...

Contemporary American society currently faces a number of truly divisive issues regarding personal freedoms and liberties. These debates hold such a sway in society that they often become the deciding factors in political contests of all levels. Consequently, the topics themselves, such as abortion, gay marriage, gun control, and healthcare, are well known to the average person, even if all the facts concerning them are not. However, of these issues, perhaps the most important is the legality of the death penalty as constitutional form of punishment. This extra form of retribution should not be continued in the United States ...

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Capital Punishment as Public Policy: Bane or Boon?

In the philosophy of those that advocate for the implementation of capital punishment as a form of public policy in crime deterrence and punitive criminal agenda, the crime should befit the punishment. If a life has been taken, then the life of the one who took that life must be the “payment” for the crime. In the United States, the implementation of capital punishment as a crime deterrence policy is still much in force; of the 50 states in the Union, only 14 have abrogated the use of the death penalty in their criminal laws. However, with the ...

Institutions:

A threat is an act where the speaker makes a statement that communicates a serious expression of intent; this enables him to commit a violent, unlawful act to a group of people or just an individual. Due to violence in schools within the teenagers, there are laws that were made in the supreme courts. The court said that threats were not true if delivered in a protected speech. Once such cases are submitted to the court it judges based on the vantage point of both the speaker and the recipient. In student cases, they use the method of the ...

While it is true that Mills recognizes the need to uphold an individual’s rights and privileges, he supports the need to impose capital punishment for capital offenders. His argument is based on the principle of utility, which is aligned with Benthamite’s principle of frugality, and exemplarity. Mills further notes that the punishment should emphasize on its core role; that of deterring crime; hence, it should not be imposed in a severe manner that disregards its intended purpose. In arguing for capital punishment, Mills concurs that murder remains to be of the greatest crimes recognized by the law. ...

In his speech; in favor of capital punishment, Mill argues in favor of the death penalty for worst murderers on the basis of Benthamite’s principle of exemplarity and frugality. As Mills states, punishment as an intrinsic form of mischief should not be excessively severe than is required to attain its anticipated effect; that of deterring crime. Although Mills recognizes the needs to uphold one’s rights, he explicitly advocates for the preservation of capital punishment in cases of aggravated murder. Mill states that whenever the greatest crime as a recognized law; murder, and when the culprit’ position suggests ...

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PLEA BRAGAINING IN THE COURT SYSTEM 2
Abstract
Plea bargaining is used very often in the criminal courts to assist the court system in addressing the problems associated with long trials. In a plea bargain, the prosecutor and the defendant agree to a lesser charge or a reduction of charges in exchange for a guilty plea. Both sides must agree and must be approved by the judge before the plea bargain will be entered. Plea bargains are viewed as beneficial in that they reduce the lengthy time, expense, and uncertainty of going to trial for both the defendant and ...

Introduction

Islamic criminal justice system is unique compared to other criminal justice systems of the world, for example, the British criminal justice system or even the American criminal justice systems. Whereas the essence of penology in an American justice system would be aimed at imposing stiff punishment to heavy or complex crimes, Islamic criminal justice system is aimed at imposing the stiffest penalty to simple crimes so that more complex crimes are not committed in future. The penalty is thus deterrent in a special way. Furthermore, this justice system practiced by Muslims is ordained by God, implemented by the Prophet ...

This is a memo that is meant to elaborate on the subject matter of the above in relation to the welfare of the society. The country through its legislature has seen it fit to institute such a law owing to the frequency of road accidents in the recent past. This legislation is aimed at deterring the population from committing such an offense and at the same time punishing those who have breached the law. This legislation is not only aimed at punishing offenders but also deterring potential ones from committing such a crime.
The concept of deterrence in legislation ...

The Greek mythology literature focus on the relationship that people has with the gods and their roles in helping them win battles. The need to overturn a particular city and gain control made kings engage into physical battles as they sought the favor of the gods. Dante’s inferno is one literature that not only looks at the fights that different communities had, it also looks at the aftermath of such kings and their ultimate destiny in hell. Despite the physical wars that were fought on earth, it was believed that there would be an eternal reward and punishment ...

King Brothers and Lionel Tate

Background King Brothers and Lionel Tate:
Lionel Tate, was convicted of the July 28, 1999 murder of 6 year old Tiffany Eunick who was punched, kicked, stomped, and thrown to death (See Wrestling, 2001). The injuries Tiffany suffered as a result of the beating included “a fractured skull, a lacerated liver, and more than 30 other injuries” (Wrestling, 2001). At the time of the incident Lionel Tate was 12 years old and weighed 170 pounds. As a result of his role in Ms. Eunick’s death, Lionel Tate was charged with first degree murder. A part of his defense, ...

For example Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University.

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant
Program.
Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555
The value of alternative sentencing
“Sentencing refers to the punishment that a judge imposes upon a defendant who has either plead guilty to a charge or who was convicted following a judge or jury trial (Nocuffs.com, n.d.).”
“Sentences for a criminal conviction can take many forms, and a conviction does not always mean a trip to prison. Alternative sentences can include different combinations of the ...

How Mill Apply the Principle of Utility to the Issue of Capital Punishment

In his parliamentary speech in, 1868, Mill argues in favour of capital punishment retention. In support of capital punishment, Mill argues that a punishment being an essential malice, it should be accomplished in a more severe way that it ought to be in order for the punishing party to attain the anticipated effect to the murderer. He further accentuates that, the desired effect of punishment can best be achieved economic wise if the suffering is inflicted more severe that it ought to be. Based on his perceptions, execution is less cruel when compared to life imprisonment where one will ...

There are numerous ways to handle or react to various situations in human life, personal or professional. These ways are termed as behavior. It can be anything; general ways of life, responding to certain stimulus, responding to challenges, responding to social needs etc. These behavior is considered very important for success in any one’s action and reaction. Especially in case of management where there are great theories and defined ways of completion available, it becomes very vital that professionals have the right set of behaviors so that probability of success gets increased. There is a lot of academic ...

Learning and training a person or animal to behave a certain way can sometimes be tricky. Depending on the subject, mere instruction is not enough. At times the subject may require added motivation to learn or accept the training. In order to handle situation such as these, psychologists came up with what is known as operant conditioning, a system of rewards and punishments that allow the subject to be trained behaviorally.
Operant conditioning is a simple concept to understand. It is a learning technique, occurring through the practice of rewards and punishments for certain behaviors. Operant conditioning allows the ...

Informative Speech Assignment #1: The Full-Sentence Outline

Specific Purpose Statement: After listening to my speech, my audience will know what a death penalty is, why it should be replaced, and how.

Introduction

A.    Why is this question important?
B.    Do you know, at all, why is a death penalty used?
    II.        The death penalty can be replaced with life imprisonment.
   III.       The life imprisonment is more moral, ethic and efficient sentence for cruel crimes.

Transition: death penalty has its reasons

Body
      I.        There are some vital reasons to use the death penalty.
A.    The death penalty is connected with the most valuable thing we have – life, although the issue is about the life ...

Introduction/Summary

As per the article by Bernard Siegel, the decisions to whether to buy a health insurance or not have been the subject of debate among people. Here, affordability is said to play a vital making choices. As such, many young people tend to weigh their budgets against the risks involved. The risks (chance of incurring medical costs of at least $ 27000 by 2011) attributed to the young people (25-34 years) is estimated to be about 5%. About 6 million people are anticipated to pay the penalty for not buying a health insurance policy, which will increase proportionately with an ...

The Long Black veil, is a song composed by Johnny Cash and expresses numerous elements similar to the ones discussed by Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter. These two pieces of literature expounds on the theme regarding the sin of adultery that ultimately hurts the characters in the stories. In the song Long Black Veil, a man is falsely charged with murder. However, he fails to give an alibi since, on the night when another man was killed, the man was having an affair with the wife of his best friend, and he claims that he would rather die ...

Human behaviour is one of the most studied subjects in the world today. The complexity of human behaviour has elicited a colossal amount of research by psychologists seeking to understand some of the behavioral trends exhibited by human beings. Consequently, these psychologists have advanced several theories that explain some of the fundamental aspects of human behaviour. Behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable human behaviour. Theories of behaviorism emphasize behavioral changes that result from a stimulus-response association that is made by a learner. The proponents of this theory regard all human behaviour as a sort of response to natural stimuli ( ...

Death penalty

The death penalty, or capital punishment as it is commonly known, is one of the issues that have raised controversy not only in the United States, but all over the globe. Undoubted, this subject remains a thorny issue in the world entirely. The United States remains one of the few countries in the world, where the capital punishment is still executed. Whereas some individuals are of the view that this kind of punishment is barbaric in nature and contravenes moral values, others argue that it is a crucial instrument and deterrent in dealing with intended and often violent murder ( ...

In Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior (2012), Coon and Mitterer write, “The principles of operant conditioning [] are among the most powerful tools in psychology” (pg. 226). The definition of operant conditioning is a form of learning in which reinforcement increases the probability of a response. A response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus is more likely to reoccur. Operant conditioning is explains much day-to-day behavior. Every individual lives his or her life according to the reinforcement they receive after performing an action. This kind of learning is operant conditioning—“learning based on the consequences of ...

Is the death penalty fair or is it cruel and unusual punishment?

Capital punishment is fair when applied on stricter terms and case by case basis.It is only applicable to heinous crimes The punishment, however, should not be a preserve of the state but a decision that has to go through the federal courts (Bedau and Cassell 83). This is because various states have various degrees of determining how heinous a crime is in order to impose capital punishment. For instance, Texas is more than willing to hand over this sort of punishment for a crime that would attract 25 years to life imprisonment. Death penalty can only meet its legal ...

INTRODUCTION

Crime is a reality of society. One crime or another is committed every minute of everyday all over the globe. Some are petty crimes, shoplifting and writing bad checks, while others are much more serious like assault, rape, and armed attacks. It is the latter crimes that garner the most severe of punishments from the legal system. While the justice system struggles to find the means to prevent, deter, and eliminate the opportunities for crime, crime continues on. When it comes to the most severe of all crimes, murder, there is a divide among the citizens about what is ...

Corporal punishment, though used in many countries as a method of controlling and disciplining students, is not an effective disciplinary approach. Discipline is an essential feature of schools in the US. Many schools use different disciplinary approaches ranging from suspension, security methods, and corporal punishment among others. Research studies reveal that these discipline methods are not always successful and have to be implemented with a lot of care by those charged with administering them (Cameron, 2006). Corporal punishment is used as a disciplinary approach in schools because it is believed that it can act as a good deterrent to ...

Question 1. What is corporal punishment?

Corporal punishment means hitting or spanking with the hand or with an object like a stick or a belt, causing pain but not harm. The purpose is to bring about change in behaviour.

Question 2. How is it used to control and discipline students?

When students do not heed instructions, warnings and engage in undesirable or dangerous behaviour, they need to be controlled. Hitting and causing physical pain is an unpleasant experience for them. It is just enough to give them an idea of the unpleasantness but does not cause any serious harm. The fear of being subjected to similar and more intense unpleasant experience prevents them from misbehaving. The ...

The theme of the death penalty has always occupied a special place in the public consciousness. It is believed that the death penalty is not only a tool of criminal policy, but is also a socio-cultural phenomenon. Some researchers believe that the attitude towards the capital punishment serves as an indicator of the prevailing morals and mentalities; it is a measure of how it is imbued with the ideas of justice, humanity and civilization. To this day, due to the deep global processes of integration and globalization, the legal status of the capital punishment cannot remain static.

Background Information and the History of the Controversy

Fundamental rights ...

Unfortunately, there are still many parents using physical punishment on children. Parents who spank their children believe that they are raising good kids in such way. In fact, resorting to brute force , they only prove their complete failure and inability to find a reasonable way of influence on the child. It is obvious that there are a number of reasons for which children should not be spanked in order to discipline them for a negative behavior.
First of all, the most serious harm of physical punishment is that it humiliates the child, convinces him in his own powerlessness, generates ...

Capital punishment is one of the oldest forms of punishment, the roots of which can be found in various social phenomena, including the law of retaliation (lex talionis) – "an eye for an eye." In many ancient societies, such principle seemed fair: money for money, a destroyed house for a destroyed house, murder for murder and so on. After a while, capital punishment was replaced by a fine, corporal punishment, imprisonment, etc. However, many countries still allow the death penalty. This situation raises a natural question – should there be the death penalty or should we get rid of it as ...

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Background of the Study

A useful lesson to illustrate a major pedagogical theory in education involves a close reading lesson given in the ninth grade English class. Many high schools English teachers report that their students lack the skill of reading a passage, whether fiction or non-fiction, and successfully draw inferences and figurative meanings or even critically analyze the readings. These figurative meanings are crucial to understanding the rhetorical argument of the piece, making this a vital skill. Furthermore, writing is also as complex a learning activity as reading that fosters the act of critically arranging the words to make perfect ...

A Case Law Brief

391 U.S. 510 (1968)
I. Facts
On April 29, 1959, a police patrol car that has stopped for a red light was approached by a woman. The woman complained to the officers that the petitioner, Witherspoon, had assaulted her outside of a nearby tavern. The woman also informed the officers that Witherspoon was armed. Witherspoon, who had observed the woman talking to the police, ran into an adjacent parking lot and hid in a parked truck. Following up on the woman’s complaint, the police pursued Witherspoon into the parking lot. When one of the officers happened unto Witherspoon ...

Capital punishment is a legal procedure whereby an individual is executed by the state for the crimes he/she has committed. Even though this sentence has been adopted by many governments, capital punishment has remained a controversial issue around the globe. Capital punishment is mainly used for the punishment of atrocious and heinous crimes, particularly murder. In addition, death penalty as it is also known is also used on crimes against humanity, espionage, reason, and crimes against the state. Many states and interest groups have mixed reactions and views on capital punishment depending on their country and their faith. In ...

Death penalty denotes the type of punishment where an offender is committed to hanging for the offence he/ she committed. It is also referred to as capital punishment in some countries. It is a punishment that is mostly prescribed to those who have committed capital offences like murder. Death penalty has been in existence for a long period and has since been a hotly debatable issue. This paper attempts then, to justify the necessity of this punishment as a form of administering justice to capital offenders.
Both the proponents and opponents of the death penalty agree on one major ...

Victims’ rights have become an important part of the public discourse on criminal justice over the past three decades. How does the victims’ rights movement deploy emotions of the public such as fear, vengeance, or sympathy? Does the victims’ rights movement undermine or enhance the rationality and fairness of the criminal justice system through its appeal to emotions? Your answer should include a discussion of Stanbridge and Kenney’s article, “Emotions and the Campaign for Victims’ Rights in Canada”, and Nussbaum’s “Emotions and the Law”.
The rights of victims have been given priority in the recent past by ...

People have seen the rise, prosperity and ruin of different civilizations. Although regulations and legislative documents have been adopted, human beings still commit crimes. Nowadays, crime appears to be a serious problem. Crime became an inalienable part of our life. Our society is full of cruelty and inhumanity. People hear about crime every day. Thousands of criminals steal our property and rob our houses. It is devastating for us, particularly when we lose sentimental belongings or when people are killed by murderers.
Various classes exist in our society (rich, middle, and poor). Poor families face the problem of alcoholism, ...

In this case, Jones plays a very significant role in helping the undercover agents to find more information about the practice of selling cocaine by Thompson and Smith. Although he was guilty of committing the offense himself, he is in an agreement with the detectives to the effect that they will not prosecute him to drug charges. To let him free because of the agreement will be a tough call. The best solution would be to file his charges in the city of Wichita. Taking him to the federal court would certainly mean he faces the maximum sentence (Luna, ...

Laws are enacted to maintain social order and status quo in the society. Various arms of the government, especially the judiciary are bestowed with the responsibility of ensuring that citizens obey the laws to promote social order, harmony and social justice in the country. In most countries, the judiciary has the discretion to pronounce any form of punishment on a criminal; based on the gravity of crime an offender has committed. In most countries including America, criminals who are convicted for committing capital crimes such as murder, robbery with violence, rape and treason are punished through death penalty. The ...

In law, the term subject-matter jurisdiction implies the authority that a court has to hear particular types of cases that relate to a certain subject matter. Defining subject-matter jurisdiction is necessary in that it ensures that courts have the capacity to determine cases. A good example of this is where bankruptcy courts have the capacity to determine bankruptcy cases. Personal jurisdiction, on the other hand, means the jurisdiction a court has over the parties to a case (Chemerinsky, 2004).
A federal court has personal jurisdiction in a matter where one of the parties has contact with the area where ...

Human life is valuable; thus, even the worst of murderers or criminals must not be sentenced to death. If an individual is held accountable for any criminal act; the state has the right to give a death sentence against the individual who is termed as capital punishment. In some states, capital punishment may be a consequence for people who commit crime. However, in some states capital punishment is not an option, but the individual may be sentenced to life imprisonment or may be torture in torture chambers. The individual may be sentenced to death, but unless and until he ...

Punishment is one of the most methods used in rectification of behavior and instilling discipline. I would not hesitate to punish my children if I were a parent. It is established that effective disciplining of children helps them in moderating their behaviors. For example, children would not lie if they are punished for lying. Therefore, they would learn that it is wrong to lie. Punishment helps the child learn how to respect people in authority, such as the parents. Apart from instilling moral concepts of good and bad, punishing children has the following advantages.
Punishment helps the child to ...

History of Shaming Punishment

History of Public Shaming
Shaming as a punishment has been a practice for hundreds of years now. There have been many cases wherein the offender has been publicly shamed in order to give awareness to the public about the wrong behavior that the person has done. In fact, public shaming has been used to control the public’s behavior. During the early civilization, the concept of justice is purely to give punishment to miscreants in order to pay for the crime of offense that have committed. In that case, providing punishments on offenders would set an example for the ...

The Death Penalty

Overview
Death penalty is described as the capital punishment for murder and other major crimes. Senate or any state administration may regulate the death penalty. The Supreme Court has administered that the death penalty is not a violation of the Eighth Amendment in itself for regarding ban on unusual and cruel punishment, but this amendment form certain procedural features concerning when a jury may practice the death penalty and how it must be implied. The Supreme Court also decided that people who are mentally retarded should be exempted from the death penalty because they are mentally handicapped (cornell.edu).

Pros and Cons

The ...

This paper takes a detailed discussion on the rationale choice theory. The discussion will begin with a brief review of the literature review, and then examine the relevance or applicability of the theory. In the conclusion part the paper will try to look at the application of a different theory besides the rationale choice theory.
The rationale choice theory depends on the essential doctrines of classical criminology. It provides that people normally make a free choice of their behavior and that they are guided by the desire to avoid pain and seek for pleasure. People assess their selection of ...

Injustice in the Punishment of Job

Job is a servant of God in whom God was proud. He is a wealthy man who is blameless and upright and thus God chooses to use him to prove to Satan that there are righteous men who cannot fall by the snares set by Satan. God trusts him, and that is why he chooses to let the fight between good and evil go on in his life. God is keen on wanting to prove the fact that there are strong believers of his word out there. But the problem is that Job does not see any justice in ...

Question One

Prior to the adoption of the prison system, jails were used for temporary detention, corporal punishment and imposition of fines. Capital crimes were punishable through public torture, humiliation, embarrassment, flogging, branding and mutilation. These forms of punishment draw from puritan punishment practices, which encouraged public shaming of wayward sheep. This is not unlike Arpaio’s use of perp walking, pink underwear and chain gangs for inmates serving sentences of up to a month to humiliate and use them to serve as an example to mothers and children that see them on the highway to avoid crime. Specifically, chain gangs ...

Capital punishment has become a basis for serious conflict in the modern world, because it does not provide freedom to experience the grace of God for the criminals involved. Criminals are humans just like the rest of the people in the world and they have fundamental rights and, therefore, they have to be given the opportunity to reform in order to fit into society and the expectations of religion and God (Schabbas 2002). Supporters of capital punishment argue that murderers must pay with their lives for the crimes that they have committed but one wonders whether this is the ...

Events of 427 BCE and the growing brutalization that occurred during the war

427 BCE marked the year that the siege of Plataea ended after there was a combined force between Spartan and Theban force. The Spartan and Theban forces then imposed very ruthless penalties on the people that had opposed them. “They brought them again one by one and asked each of them the same question, that is to say, whether they had done Spartans and allies any service in the war; and upon their saying that they had not, took them out and slew them without exception”. The women of the people who had been slain by the Spartans and ...

Capital Punishment: Ethical considerations

The use of capital punishment is often framed as the action of society in acting on its moral responsibility to safeguard society and its citizens. For example, killers pose a threat to the safety and well-being of the society; by sentencing the murderer to death will ensure that society will never pose a threat to the society again. On the other hand, those that condemns the use of capital punishment is established on the foundation that rather than society is given the right to destroy threats to its safety, society in fact has a moral duty to safeguard human ...

Death penalty is one type of punishment, whereby the state put people to death for a crime. It is a legal process that has raised many debatable issues in the world. The crimes that could prime to the death penalty are called capital offences, which include treason, murder, human trafficking, rape, sodomy, as well as robbery with violence. The capital offense varies depending on the country or state. There are various groups of persons who cannot be given death penalty. These groups of persons include juveniles, people with mental illness, and the insane.
One of the groups of people ...

Operant Conditioning

For most of the time, the process of learning comes from the individual’s experience. People could change their behavior or improve themselves when they learn through various types of method (Walberg, 1984). Operant conditioning is one of the types of a learning process. It refers to the concept that inducing reinforcements could tend to continue a behavior while inducing punishment will stop it. It is a process in which the behavior is altered or modified by using positive reinforcements and punishments (Flora, 2004). For my example of the operant conditioning learning process, I will refer to the time ...

The Purpose of the Literature Review

There is ongoing controversy as to whether the death penalty prevents other people from committing crimes. Some claim that by sentencing offenders to death will deter others from becoming engaged in criminal activities. Opposing viewpoints insist that the death penalty only raised homicide rates and begs for reform, given the many cases of people that have been falsely sentenced to death that have come to the light.
The literature review will discuss whether the death penalty has a deterrent effect on people from committing crimes. In order to be able to reach conclusions, panel studies and empirical research will ...

Human beings respond to incentives and penalties in different ways. An incentive is something that motivates an individual to take an action or to apply more effort in an activity or task. Certainly, an individual will put in a lot of efforts when he or she knows too well that his efforts will be rewarded after completion of a task or after achieving a certain pre-determined goal. For instance, a company may have an incentive scheme for employees such as bonus, promotion and reward and recognition system that it follows to the letter. In companies where such incentive schemes ...

Part One

Del Lago Partners, Inc. and Del Lago Partners, L.P., d/b/a Del Lago Golf Resort & Conference Center, and BMC-The Benchmark Management Co. v. Bradley Smith, No. 06-1022 is an appeal case that involved Del Lago Golf Resort and Conference Center as the petitioner and Bradley Smith as the respondent. Earlier, Smith had won the case and awarded $ 300, 000 in actual damages after deliberations made by a jury in a 6-3 decision. The majority made the decision on the basis that owners’ of premises have a duty to protect their guests against acts of aggravated assault made by third parties.
...

The process of using punishment as a threat to deter individuals from committing criminal activities denotes deterrence. It holds that retribution is an obligatory consequence of a crime committed, and ought to be measured through the gravity of the offence done. The approach was based on two assumptions; the first was held that the punishment would discourage and prevent the individuals from committing similar offence, and the second assumption held that the dread of punishment would prevent others from committing crimes (Sieberg, 2005). However, there are various deliberations as to whether or not the use of prison as deterrence ...