Rats College Essays Samples For Students

Extended Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Rats Results in a Selective Reduction of Dopamine Transporter Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Striatum Not Accompanied by Marked Monoaminergic Depletion [Article Summary]

Abstract

The study sought to unravel whether prolonged self administration of methamphetamine interferes with the level of dopamine and serotonin in rats. The rats were place in a lit chamber in which they were allowed to self administer meth. The researchers regulated the duration of the self administration session to achiever long and short access which the main variables in the experiment. The researchers discovered that long and short access to meth result ...

1984 by George Orwell
In this book, Orwell brings it out clearly that the structure of politics has its basis on a lie. It is evident that the human thought is always suppressed and tormented by the injustice associated with corrupt political systems (Orwell 11). No matter how one may strongly rise to see to the defeat of this vice, he ends up completely defeated. The story mainly revolves around Winston Smith who is employed in the ministry of truth in as a records editor. The events take place in Oceania state in 1984 in the month of April on a ...

Psychology

Description of Classical conditioning and operant conditioning
Classical and operant conditioning are two learning theories extensively studied in psychology. Classical conditioning involves a response to a certain stimulus. Reflexive responses are brought under control of stimulus actions that usually herald the response (Klein & Mowrer, 2009). A certain event provokes a response.
A once neutral stimulus is matched with an unconditioned stimulus. In classical conditioning, learning occurs through interactions with the environment and the environment shapes behavior thus feelings, thoughts, and emotions are assumed irrelevant in explaining a particular behavior. On the other hand, operant conditioning is learning that occurs when an ...

Health-Related News Story

The accuracy and credibility of health-related news article is of significance as incorrect information can be misleading to patients and the general population. This paper will trace the origin of a health-related story and evaluate its accuracy and representativeness of its contents in relation its source article. The health-related story selected for the article was published in the New York Times on 17th February 2016. It is authored by Reynolds and is entitled “Which type of exercise is the best for the brain”. The article reports the findings of a study by Nokia et al. (2016) entitled “Physical exercise ...

George Orwell’s book, ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four,' most of the times published as ‘1984’ is a fascinating book. Published in 1949, the book talks about how the ‘Inner Party’ elite persecute individualism. In addition, independent thinking, described by the writer as ‘thoughtcrimes’ is also depicted. The leads character is called Winston Smith. Winston Smith is a man who works for what the writer calls ‘the Ministry of Truth.' The name that he uses for this Ministry is ‘Minitrue.' Tyranny is a theme that is also explored by the writer (NovelGuide).
Psychology is defined as ‘the scientific study of human behavior and ...

The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

The Transatlantic trade and Investment partnership (TTIP) is a proposed agreement of free trade between the European Union and the United States of America. The aim of this agreement is to do away with the trade obstacles present in an extensive range of economic sectors (TELÒ, 2013). Removal of these barriers will make it easier to carry out trade between the European Union and the United States of America. Apart from cutting tariffs across all sectors, the United States of America and the European Union intend to deal with barriers such as the disparities in technical regulations, standards and procedures ...

Part 1. In what ways did the meat packing industry in Chicago abuse its workers?

The meat packing industry in Chicago, but also in many other cities in America during the early 20th century was a very inhuman and brutal environment. This was a place of misery, exploitation, crime and corruption. Many immigrants that dreamed of freedom and material success were destroyed by the merciless work, and eventually replaced by other immigrants that shared the same horrible faith.

It would be easier to answer the question how the meat packing industry didn’t abuse its workers, as the opposite question give us numerous responses. The workers lived in poverty and hopelessness. Their exploitation occurred in all ...

Introduction

Medicinal benefits of Aloe Vera Juice
The extent this information available to the public
Scientific proof of the medicinal qualities of the herb/ aloe vera juice
Conclusion
Abstract
This essay seeks to establish the premise that aloe vera juice contains a wide range of medicinal properties, which scientist up to this time ignore. Presently the juice is being used as a purgative. However, it is this author desire to explore its true identity in providing data supportive of the medicinal benefits contained in Aloe Vera Juice. Also an examination into the information related to aloe vera ...

According to Ellis' "Eye-Deep in Hell: Trench Warfare in World War I" there were something like millions of men that were living in the trenches throughout the time of World War I. It was a very dangerous spot and considered to be an area where a lot of the action went down that had nothing to do with the enemy but survival. It was apparent that beyond six million soldiers lost their lives in those trenches. In the book Eye-Deep in Hell, the author does a good job with exploring this distinctive and frightening world—the ceremonies of battle, the customs of ...

Bioengineering has been around for some time now, and ever since its introduction, it has been the subject of never-ending controversy claims, myths and misconceptions. Many believe consuming genetically modified organisms, the most widely known product of genetic scientists, is harmful. In order to alleviate these concerns, many laboratories around the world were tasked with conducting experiments to prove once and for all GMO is safe for human use. Yet other scientists began independent research into the long-term effects of GMO consumption. In many cases, published findings contradict one another, which only adds to the controversy and further divides ...

God has created all creatures. It is amazing to discover that each creature is unique in its own sense and does not resemble the other creature completely. The various creatures on earth, including plants and animals differ greatly from each other on the basis of their outer morphology and inner anatomy. Humans are considered the most intelligent creatures on earth and they utilize animals extensively for research and development of inventions that may benefit the mankind in the future.
It is estimated that nearly 26 million animals are used everyday for scientific and commercial testing in the USA . ...

Introduction

The psychological field is familiar with the difference of B.F. Skinner and John Watson’s theoretical perspectives. However, none of the two differs as much as Edward Tolman’s perspectives. One of his popular assertions is that his believes in the importance of every aspect in the psychological field. In addition, all those aspects can undergo investigation through perpetual theoretical and practical analysis of rat demeanor determiners in a maze (Pickren & Rutherford, 2010). These different perspectives are captivating and are popular in this era’s modern psychology. This paper will generate a fair comparison and contrast on Skinner and Watson’s ...

Introduction

In recent decades, trends in diets tailored to promote weight loss have resulted in a significant increase in the intake of protein, particular in people with overweight and obesity issues. Accordingly, researchers have questioned the benefits or risks linked to the habitual consumption of “dietary protein in excess of recommended intakes” (Martin et al., 2005). In general, the primary concern has involved the possibility that diets rich in protein may increase hyperfiltration and, hence, exacerbate renal damage. Nevertheless, the potential link between protein-rich diets and renal damage has also been questioned due to an absence of adequate clinical evidence. ...

In “1984” George Orwell described the future world society Oceania as a totalitarian hierarchic regime based on refined physical and spiritual enslavement. In his novel the author gives a harsh negative review to the totalitarian regime, which in his opinion presents a serious threat to the existing society and the whole world. That is why the story of the novel happens in the real world capital London, and not in the made up country. This structure is shot through by the overall fear and hatred, where the people do not live in a full sense but merely exist under the weariless vigil of ...

1.
In his lecture, Dr. Tyrone Hayes discusses the effects of Atrazine on amphibians and the potential effects of the drug on human health. In his lecture, Dr. Hayes supports his argument using research findings and presentations. In his findings, Dr. Hayes explains that atrazine has severe effects on the sexuality of amphibians and may cause serious health effects on humans who are exposed to the chemical. Dr. Tyrone also advocates on the development of regulations to curb the use of atrazine.
2.
The most intriguing part of Dr. Tyrone’s presentation, is where he “crosses ...

Environmental Errors and Developmental Symbiosis

Environmental Errors and Developmental Symbiosis
In their book, Hernandez and Blazer (2006) discuss genetic and environmental bases for developmental errors in animals. Although much can be speculated and a great deal is known, the use of animals in the research has allowed greater manipulation of various factors. As such, medical science has been more successful in disentangling the nature versus nurture argument that continues to plague human development. While not all of the information learned through animal study can be generalized to humans, it has opened new pathways for research and understanding.
As science has known for some time ...

In global societies, discussions concerning the use of animals in medical tests for research are uncomfortable and controversial. Modern technology often broadcasts horrific photos of procedures being conducted on helpless creatures accompanied by claims of untrustworthy results and skewed statistics. In the long run, animals will continue to be used for testing in laboratories until the value of the practice is diminished. “The benefits of animal research have been enormous and it would have severe consequences for public health and medical research if it were abandoned “ (Festing and Wilkinson, n.p.). This paper will present information regarding whether animal testing ...

INTRODUCTION

Cannabis Sativa was one of the most used plants up until its ban in the 1970’s in the United States. However, California passed the use of the plant for medicinal purposes by a wide margin in the Proposition 215 of November 1996 (Kramer). There are proponents and opponents to the use of marijuana in any situation, and both sides bear strong views to support their case. In California for instance, it is permitted by law for ill patients to cultivate and use marijuana. The law stipulates that they should have a medical recommendation from a physician. The use ...

Brief summary

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is considered to be a health problem because of the millions of people who are using it worldwide. The article states that excessive cocaine use will cause changes in the prefrontal Cortes (PFC) (Terraneo, p.37). The reason for this is because PFC plays a significant role in the addictive cycle such as the inhibitory control, reinforcement learning as well as cravings. Many types of research that have been conducted show that the loss of inhibitory control is brought on by drug behaviors. The article looks at the animal studies that have been carried out in ...

Several people in different parts of the world in both developed and developing countries go without or with little food every day. This is attributed to the fact that there exists not enough food to supply the needs of the people in these countries. As result of factors such as war, political feuds, poor economic prosperity and poor infrastructure, hunger and poverty are generally witnessed in such countries. Therefore their use of genetically modified food is seen as a source of relief to the starving population. It has to be understood that the use of Genetically Modified food may not ...

Biology

A recent pesticide study by renowned controversial French biologist Gilles-Eric Seralini has sparked a lot of debate on the effects of Genetically Modified Foods. In his report, that was published in the BioMed Research international Seralini clearly explains how pesticides ultimately kill cultured human cells. He creates more controversy when he concludes his article by claiming that pesticides have more toxic substances than the regulatory authorities assume. Nonetheless, some of the scientists appear to brush off Seralini’s arguments saying that they are neither surprising nor significant. In contrast, many environmentalist groups have started pushing for changes in how pesticides ...

History

The bubonic plague was one of the worst in the history of mankind. Reason for this was that it wiped out millions of people throughout the world. In Europe alone, it killed more than a third of the entire population. The bubonic plague, commonly referred to as the Black Death originated in China in the early 1330s. The main way that the plague spread from one way to the other was through rodents like rats but its effects were spread even faster since even smaller insects like fleas could carry the disease also (Bentley and Ziegler, 256). Aside from rodents ...

Abstract

The primary aim of anticancer therapies is to induce the death of tumor cells. Cisplatin has done a good job in achieving this aim, which explains why it is the most commonly used adjuvant therapy of cancers. However, the success of applying CDDP and any other platinum compounds for cancer chemotherapy depends enormously on the ability to manage its side effects. This paper reviews the studies and literatures on cisplatin and some other similar platinum compounds. It presents its history and background, chemistry, mechanism of activity, as well as the side effects.

Introduction

The cisplatin has been described as a tiny little ...

More than half a millennia after the Black Death first ravaged Europe and the Middle East, it is still studied and analyzed with morbid fascination. This disease epidemic is so memorable today because it was such a destructive and fearsome plague, spreading as quickly as it did between individuals, primarily from 1346 to 1350, and demonstrating a worst-case scenario when a disease is not understood well and conditions favor disease spread.
The Black Death is primarily a disease of small mammals like rats, and is transmitted by fleas. The organism directly responsible for the disease is a bacterium (Yersinia pestis). Once rats, plentiful in ...

Frames are “principles of selection, emphasis and presentation composed of little tacit theories about what exists, what happens, and what matters." (Frames are not "bias.") I. Identify repeated patterns in news coverage, using various techniques A. Read a lot of news coverage of a particular story and/or theme B. Look for broad forms of emphasis or selection, such as 1. headlines 2. what is put first and what left for later in a story 3. placement of stories in the news (front page vs. page 20; top of the newscast vs. bottom) C. Look for master narratives or themes 1. who are ...

The definition and summary of what is and should be allowed for when it comes to animals and their confinement and purpose is up for debate. There are people that feel that any treatment of animals is all well and good due to their lesser status as compared to humans. There are others that suggest that animals should have as many rights as humans and that they should be given equal status. Of course, the more reasonable answer is somewhere in between those two extremes given that non-human animals are clearly not on the same level as humans. At ...

Introduction

The large production of bisphenol A (BPA) in the world has been documented because of the increased usage of the same in various industries. The most critical industries that have been using this BPA include those manufacturing containers for foods and beverages, cigarette filters, thermal receipts as well as paper currency. With such a huge provision, it is critical that the basis of such developments only emanates from making the right choices over its uses because its production to a total of 2.7 million tons could be disastrous to the body. The main reasoning here is that the chemical ...

Cancer is one of the major diseases, which kills people. It is the most feared disease. People are terrified at the thought of it. The suffering for months or years, a cancer patient undergoes, before he dies, is a horrible experience even for those around him or her.
The chemicals or toxins which cause cancer are called carcinogens. These include pesticides or herbicides, quasi-edible chemicals such as meat preservatives, color and flavor enhancers and artificial sweeteners, toxins in moldy foods and contaminants which are byproducts of industrial processes.
People are afraid of carcinogens, entering their bodies. But, mere entering ...

Assignment 1 - Food Traditions, Family Identity & Social Structure

1) Briefly describe the nature of the major ritual meal in your family that you have chosen for this assignment. In your description, answer the following questions: What is the significance of the meal? When and where is it held? Why? Respond in 1-2 paragraphs (~100 words)
Dinner is considered to be the major ritual meal in my family. The evening time, at approximately 6-7 pm, is a perfect chance to gather the whole family around one table, where everyone can relax after a busy day and spend some time with the dearest ones, meaning that dinner is a ...

The 1348 emergence of Black Death in Europe marked significant changes in the social, economic, and even the psychological wellbeing of European nationals. Apparently, the plague was swift to spread. In Europe alone, there were cases in “Italy, France, Spain, and the Balkans” before the infection made its way into “Switzerland, Austria, England, and perhaps Denmark.” In other words, every nation by the end of the first half of the fourteenth century was aware of the same. Now, while the social and economic outcomes of the bubonic plague (another name for Black Death) are well explored, the circumstances under ...

In this world scientists are conducting life sciences research to accelerate better healthcare outcomes. For that, both clinical and basic science researches are done for the development of new treatments. The development of new treatments is necessary for various disorders. To understand the normal psychological or pathophysiological disease processes researchers are using animals for experiments but ethical violations are being noticed. Therefore, in this paper all those ethical violation issues will be discussed that are surrounding the clinical and basic science research. In addition, it will present the importance and need for animal studies over clinical trials that involve ...

Introduction

The debate on the safety of Genetically Modified (GM) foods has raged on for close to two decades now. On one hand of the controversy are people who argue that GM foods are safe and suitable in ensuring that the increasing world population gets adequate food in the face of deteriorating climate and unfavorable production factors. On the other hand, there are a significant number of people who allege that GM foods have negative long-term effect on human beings. Those opposed to GMOs have cited failure by researchers to prove safety and attributed the increment in chronic diseases to the ...

Just a few decades ago, the scientific community considered that the brain is fixed and programmed by nature. There was a consensus that the human brain can only deteriorate with age, but not improve. Today, the discovery of the fact that thoughts can change the individual’s well-being and psychological feelings is the most important achievement in the field of neuroscience over the past four centuries. Scholarly findings on the self-improvement potential of the human brain can now be used in everyday life, by ordinary people. The theory of thoughts’ influence can be transferred into its active phase by the integration ...

Conditioning in Psychology refers to the processes by which repeated stimulus produce predictable and frequent response. There are two types of conditioning namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during his digestive system research (Kalat, 2011). Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated whenever they sighted attendants dressed in lab coats. He attributed this behavior to the repeated exposure of both food and lab coats to the dogs. Pavlov investigated the behavior by ringing a bell whenever he was presenting food to dog. After repeated occurrences, he observed that the dogs could salivate when the bell ...

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us.
In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one ...

Junk food is a slang term for food that is rich in fat, sugar, salt, and calories, but with little protein, vitamins or minerals. Therefore, this food is of little nutritional value. Salted snack foods, sweet desserts, gum, candy, fried fast food, and soda are the examples of junk food. These foods are tempting because they are widely available, convenient and cheap. For example, in the United States only $165 billion was spent on it in 2010 (“10 States That Consume Too Much Fast Food”). Another research shows that in recent decades consumption of junk food has increased dramatically, and ...

Question 1)

According to Ede and Cormack, what was the impact of Napoleon's reign on the development of scientific and technical training in France?
Napoleon's reign included a refocusing to the education of the masses, including educating women. He centralized and standardized the education system with a focus on language. Napoleon believed in women’s education, to a point. He permitted the reestablishment of the Catholic elementary schools that educated boys and girls. Napoleon’s priority was secondary education however. In this area, he saw to standards not only for students but also for teachers and the curriculum. This was in part done ...

Introduction on Osteoarthritis

Being the most common type of joint disease, osteoarthritis affects up to 20 million persons in the United States. This joint inflammation results from degeneration of cartilage whose causes range from aging, injury from trauma or disease to obesity. Pain in the affected joints on repetitive use is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis. In essence therefore, the goal to the treatment and management of osteoarthritis is to eliminate inflammation and joint pain while maintaining and improving the function of the joints. Non-pharmacologic interventions in place include unloading certain joints, occupational therapy, physical therapy, weight loss, exercise, heat and ...

Main insight: The ethical standards embraced by the Mayor grants him high moral position in the society.

In order to rise and become a moral figure of authority in the society, an individual has to receive consecration by the general public. As argued out in the film, Durkheim strictly points out the importance of a society when it turns to matters of moral authority. The society is therefore seen as a very key aspect of destiny determination in moral matters. During his church attendance, the mayor fully demonstrates his ethical standards. This decision does not solely comprise of church attendance step but also commitment to take part in fasting. As can be noted in the film, the society is ...

Abstract

Food is a necessity because it is essential to human beings’ survival. For this reason, food production is a crucial function in modern life because processes and initiatives determine the quantity and quality of food produced and distributed to consumers. Food production, however, is not an easy process. In some cases, food consumed by people not only cause illnesses or various diseases but also lead to death. As a result, producers around the world adopted various measures to ascertain the quality of food and the health and safety of consumers.
Solving food safety is a variable process primarily because issues that threaten ...

Personal context

One of the most significant philosophers in the mediaeval times is Ibn Sina as it is recorded in the film and the novel The physician. The novel and the film depicts Sina as having great knowledge in diverse fields including mathematics, chemistry an physics that makes him ranked among the most famous Islamic scientist. In the movies, one is taken aback to the ancient ways of handling pain and diseases like a tooth ache. How could they perform surgical operations such removing the appendix without the sophisticated tools is fascinating. Sina had diagnosed and attempted to treat diseases that had ...

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Adult learning principles vary dramatically from pedagogic principles. The motivation for an adult to learn differs dramatically from that of a child. These differences were first highlighted by Malcolm Knowles who is also known as the father of adult learning. Adults’ learning motivation comes from an immediacy need directly linked to their everyday roles. An adult learner primarily looks at relevance in learning to improve on-job performance and behavior. The classic paradigm of pedagogic learning – learning by rote is not applicable in the case of adults. The predominant difference between and adult and a ...

Introduction

Obesity and food related poor health have been public health issues in the U.S. for more than fifty years and are now prevalent in all parts of the world. The rates of diabetes, which are almost all related to food, obesity and inactivity, have been estimated to increase by 37% in the U.S, 134% in India and 76% in China (Yach, Stuckler, and Brownell, 2006). As a result of the proven link between poor dietary habits and disease, the public, policymakers and health professionals have openly challenged fast food industry practices. Although obesity and poor diet are caused by many ...

Advertising for Children Abstract Consistent youngsters are presented to the offering messages of sponsors by means of the TV. There is some level headed discussion in the writing over the age at which adolescent youngsters can recognize TV ads from projects, when they can recall and need what they see and when they can comprehend that the publicist's rationale is to give an item. Determination of the level headed analysis has been hampered by methodological troubles and ideal models which neglect completely to catch and clarify youngsters' reactions to ads. This study utilizes a novel and environmentally substantial technique for ...

The hydrological cycle refers to the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the earth. It mainly involves the processes of evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, percolation, interception and runoff/overland flows. The main source of energy that drives the cycle is solar energy and therefore the main changes in energy involve changes in temperature. When surface water is heated, it gains energy and changes from liquid state to gaseous state. This results in a cooling effect to the surrounding region (Arctic Climatology and Meteorology) Transpiration also contributes in adding water vapor in the atmosphere; this is referred ...

Introduction

The novel “Dracula” narrates how he attempted to shift to England from Transylvania in the midst of a tussle between him and a group of men and women. In the context of the novel, several scenes define thematic expressions that reflect the current world and it moral values and culture. Dracula’s character is one of the major trends in the current times where people have adopted supernatural beliefs and differentiated themselves from other human beings. Sucking of human blood, magical appearance of Dracula in several places is sign of how the world has evolved to accommodate such categories of people. ...

What is nicotine?

Tobacco that basically comes from the plant known as nicotiana tabacum has been utilized for many years. It can be chewed, sniffed, or smoked. The initial depiction of tobacco addiction is contained in a New World report in which Spanish armed forces said that they were unable to quit smoking. Initially, nicotine was being used as an insecticide with its analogs still being used as insecticides currently (Yamamoto & Casida, 1999).
When isolation of nicotine from tobacco leaves was performed in the year 1828, scientists started researching its impacts on the body as well as brain. This research ultimately demonstrated ...

ANIMAL CRUELTY

ABSTRACT
This paper focuses the analysis and discussion of results on a recent survey about animal cruelty. The extent of the knowledge students have on animal cruelty are observed through the questions asked in the survey. This paper discusses what students know about animal cruelty and how they feel about the certain issue. It also explores the forms that they are familiar with and what they have done to fight this social problem. The survey discusses the results of the survey and gives a recommendation based on what the students answered. The survey explored the results and answers given by ...

Introduction

There has been a raging debate on the existence of genetically modified foods. Proponents of the genetic modified foods base their argument on the increasing population and the need to have food sufficiency. There are many advantages fronted by these proponents as to why genetically modified foods should be encouraged. Genetically modified foods are pest resistant. Therefore, they can withstand attacks from pests. In this regard, genetically modified foods shield farmers from possible financial losses that would be occasioned by pest attacks. Consumers, on the other hand, do not wish to eat food treated by pesticides due to the associated ...

[City, State]

Question 1

Tabex is a Bulgarian drug that can be used to stop smoking. The drug is prepared from an alkaloid containing plant scientifically referred to as Cytisus laborium L. which is trivially called “Golden Rain acacia” (tabex.net, n.d). As reported on the tabex website, studies have shown that the drug has been successful in helping over 57% of tobacco users using it to stop smoking. Ideally, cystine has been used as a smoking-cessation for several years even though it was until recently that the alkaloid was subjected to clinical studies that have verified the notion that the alkaloid can indeed ...

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a method of medical imaging that works by detecting gamma rays produced by the interaction of electrons with positrons after a tracer radionuclide is injected into the body. The tracer radionucleotide used is dependent on the part of the body that is being investigated, in some cases it is modified glucose, in others, it is a receptor ligand. Common uses of PET scans are cardiac studies that measure the oxygenation of the tissues of the heart and the function of the heart muscle, to detect skeletal trauma and bone cancers, kidney imaging to study the renal function ...

CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGUE

Plague was the leading Couse of death in the Afro Eurasian world, in this essay I am going to discuss the long term effects of plague on the Afro-Eurasian world. In addition, I will discuss the ramifications on the social, political and economic sectors for the Western Europe, China, and Islamic Empire.
Back then plague was referred to as the Black Death and myths came up that God had sent the plague. It is thought to have originated from Central Asia specifically china travelling along Silk Road until reaching Crimea in 1346. It is thought to have spread ...

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Sleep Deprivation & Cognitive Abilities: Attention
Introduction
Sleep is a state of mind and body in which the sensory organs respond less to external stimuli, the body becomes inactive and a loss of consciousness is experienced, either partial or complete. Sleep is a mechanism that re-energies our body and brain. It is essential to maintain a good physical and mental health. Sleep deprivation is lack of sufficient sleep. In absence of enough sleep, the process of rejuvenation is significantly impacted. It may cause tiredness and lethargy, and render the mind less active. The decrease in activity of mind affects the cognitive system, ...

Introduction

According to the World Health Organization, 5% of the total world population has diabetes. The global mortality rate for diabetes in 2004 was .5%, more than 80% of the deaths occurred in developing countries, and the death rate is projected to double by the year 2030. A healthy diet, regular exercise, low BMI, and avoiding tobacco can prevent the incidence, morbidity and mortality of diabetes (World Health Organization).
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects the way the body produces or uses insulin and that results in high levels of glucose circulating in the blood.
The pathogenesis ...

Introduction

For the purposes of this genre analysis, I chose to examine the letter to the editor as a genre of writing. The concept of letters to the editor has always fascinated me; I have a tremendous amount of respect for those who follow news and editorial stories, and have a rebuttal or show of support for them. It is an interesting and fascinating way for people to express themselves and engage in a dialogue with those who provide them with their information and insight. It is for this purpose that I examine the style, art and purpose of letters to the editor.

In ...