Criminal Justice Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

All individuals are required to make various decisions in their personal and professional life. It is important for individuals to make legal decisions that have high moral values. Intention refers to the purpose of actions performed by an individual irrespective of the right or wrong outcome of actions. When an action is performed with good intention, it will be ethically correct action, even if the outcome of the action is harmful to others. People, in personal or professional life, often take decisions that are not ethically correct but are performed with good intention. This paper intends to evaluate the Continue reading...

Mark Krikorian believes that measures to curb illegal immigration have yet to achieve an acceptable level of functionality given the scope of the problem. His take on the issue is "Much needs to be done before the United States has the enforcement arrangements necessary to permanently reduce illegal immigration to a nuisance rather than an ongoing crisis." (Krikorian, 2012) He begins his argument with statistics that point to the prevalence of the problem. While immigration has decreased, Krikorian's interpretation of the data suggests this decrease to be deceptive. Though there is an all time decrease in illegal immigration, Krikorian Continue reading...

In the recent case brought up on appeal, U.S.A. vs Regenerative Sciences LLC, the Appellate Court re-examined the issue of whether federal laws regulating the manufacture and labeling of drugs and biological products were violated by a company that produced a mixture of stem cells and antibiotic doxycycline. In an earlier ruling, the District Court held that Regenerative Sciences LLC did violate these laws, and the Appellate Court affirmed the lower court’s judgment. This case received a lot of publicity due to the ethical issues surrounding stem cell research and resulting impacts to stakeholders affected by the outcome. Continue reading...

Scenario One

Sebastian commits this offense when he dishonestly buys business class tickets with the intention to sell them. Evidence of further dishonesty is illustrated by his travelling in economy class while the company records indicate that he travelled in the business class. Even though no harm results to the company from his actions, the case of Attorney General’s Reference (No. 3 of 2003) held that the key determinant in the offense is the conduct, not the results. Accordingly, Sebastian has committed the offense regardless of the outcome of his conduct.
It is however imperative to note that it may Continue reading...

Introduction

When a city or a town is a host of a conference, it is always difficult to arrange everything. The preparation should begin as early as possible. The point is that there are many people involved, as well as many work to be done. One should take into account not only the peculiarities of a conference or a meeting, but all legal issues, as well. This essay is aimed at answering several questions on the legal peculiarities of the case. The essay will be divided into three parts: according to the amount of questions to be answered. Such analysis Continue reading...

Introduction

Drinking alcohol is too dangerous to be allowed at teen age. There is no single mind about this issue. In some countries, the youth is allowed to drink alcohol at the age of eighteen; in other countries, it is illegal to buy alcohol until a person is twenty one. There has been many debates devoted to this issue. Obviously, both age have their advantages and disadvantages. The main aim is to realize at what age the youth can be allowed to buy and drink alcohol. This essay is aimed at studying this issue. In the essay, I will outline Continue reading...

Executive Summary

This paper will first summarize the major arguments; lines of thoughts, as well as the recommendations made by the authors of “Where have all the Criminals Gone?” during their analysis of the diminishing rates of crime in the United States. The paper will then introduce briefly some of the methods of critical thinking laid down by Wolcott and then use his critical thinking method to analyze Dubner’s and Levitt’s argument about crime rates. Finally, the paper will wind up with a conclusion on the whole issue.

Framing the Problem

The two authors initially talk about the history of abortion in Continue reading...

Q.1
The five basic assumptions of positivism in law are realism, objectivity, scientific evidence, and ultimate proof is unattainable. The realism operates in order to impress investigators to face the reality without letting their emotions cloud their judgments. The objectivity wants them to focus on objectives without getting hurt from the presence of obstacles and problems in the way of solving the crime. The good investigator always follows the evidence because it does not lie, but people do in order to hide their wrongdoings. The final assumption argues that ultimate proof is not possible to be found, and therefore, Continue reading...

As everyone grows up they are told, drugs are bad and that they should not use them. But before one gets to understand what drugs are and their use, they may never understand why they are cautioned against them. One thing is for sure, and children grow up knowing that drugs are dangerous and should not use them, but the question is whether all drugs are bad and that they should not be used. When cautioned against the use of drugs, it means that the use of them is illegal. But how then is it possible that some of Continue reading...

Question 1

There are four major types of committees in the United States Congress. Each of these committees have different roles and functions. The first is the standing committee. This one has fixed jurisdiction and has stable memberships. This committee deals with most of the issues of legislative concerns that are permanent. The conference committee is made if members of the Senate and the house and issue single bills for the two house to vote on. Select commits are usually created for limited periods, and they serve a particular purpose. Joint committees are also similar and are created and comprised of Continue reading...

Initial discussion (completed):

After reading Barnes and Smith, what are your thoughts on whether Corporations have a responsibility to society beyond maximizing profit? Do you agree with Peter Drucker that if corporations are to continue to enjoy success managers must step beyond self-interested behavior and assume responsibility for the public good? Or, do you agree with Milton Friedman, that spending shareholder's property against their wishes is immoral? Support your conclusions with outside references and resources.

I agree that any organizations and corporation’s responsibility is not limited to increasing its product line and merchandises and maximizing profit only, but also to the Continue reading...

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<COURSE NAME>
I agree that any organizations and corporation’s responsibility is not limited to increasing its product line and merchandises and maximizing profit only, but also to the society and its people based on the readings of Barnes and Smith. I believe that every corporation is part of the society and its activities influence the external environment beyond economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations from them. The organization activities may have impact on the consumption of natural resources as an element of its production process as well as the enrichment of the communities Continue reading...

1. In the case study given, the president of Big Bank does not have any discretion to rescind the contract. Contract rescission is not available to any party when there is substantial performance from the other party. In this case, System Inc has performed a substantial percentage of the agreed tasks. As such the boss of Big Bank cannot rescind the contract. There are several circumstances when either party can rescind contract. For instance, when there is consent from the two parties, a contract can be rescinded. Hen consideration fails; a party can rescind the contract. A contract which Continue reading...

Introduction

In law enforcement, profiling is a technique used to develop a profile of unknown criminal offenders using available information from crimes committed. Criminal profiling seeks to identify an offender through analysis of the offense committed, the manner it was committed and physical evidence from the scene of offense. Through the use of information collected, psychological characteristics of offenders may also be developed. Profiling is mainly employed in offender profiling. However, since profiling involves the analysis of several aspects of an individual including behavior, it is used in other ways other than criminal profiling. Profiling is used in the American Continue reading...

In the present case, Capability Ltd has given a document which was titled as ‘Memorandum of Terms’ and at the back of this document; two clauses have been inserted by a rubber stamp. Therefore the first clause states that the company is not responsible for any personal injury that may be suffered by the customer by performing the contract. In the same way, according to the second clause, the liability of the company for any damage that may be suffered by the home of the customer is limited to the sum of 500 pounds and at the same time Continue reading...

History of the crime family

The Gambino crime family is among the five crime family operating in New York. It is named after its previous leader called Carlo Gambino who controlled the criminal operation of the family from 1959 to 1976 (American Mafia History par. 1). The family originated from the unification of the Salvatore D’Aquila gang and the Morello gang in the 1800s. The group operated in New York for close to twenty years until the incarceration of its boss, Giuseppe Morello. The conviction of the boss and underboss of the gang left a leadership gap that disrupted the gang’s activities. Continue reading...

The practice of forensic psychology; a look toward the future in light of the past, provides more information about psychological assessment in forensics. It also delves into the possibilities of development in this field and projection about the future use. In addition, Otto and Heilbrun suggest possible although the field faces various limitations during the time of writing the article. Some of the recommendations have actually come to fruition and this practice is widely used to weigh the mental state of criminal offenders (Otto & Heilbrun, 2002).
In Minds on Trial: Great Cases in Law and Psychology, Ewing is more Continue reading...

- Can such violence also be attributed to individual violence, based upon the perceived notions of a "lax society?"
As against individual violence, violent homophobic crimes are a manifestation of an irrational and visceral feeling towards homosexuality. The extreme vilification and discrimination against people with same-sex sexual orientation is often justified by invoking the notion of lax society, where ‘lax’ implies something that is ‘lacking in strictness’, ‘derelict’ or ‘not easily controlled’. This notion is rooted in the ‘right realism’ school of thought that regards all criminal incidents as social problems warranting prompt and practical solutions. (Right Realism and Continue reading...

Introduction

Pragmatically, the deviant behaviour of white-collar criminals provides students of sociology a different exploration of how human nature works in clandestine operations in plain view. Society, at least superficially does not suspect a so-called white-collar individual of criminal behaviour in general, as stereotypes tend to lead people’s thoughts in the direction one way or another. While, the dishevelled, unkempt, anti-social “looking” individual exists as suspect of deviant behaviour by his/her mere appearance including labelled as a criminal in some regards, the white collar individual stands in society appearance wise as an upstanding citizen (Goode 2008).

Historically, the concept of white collar is not so new:

Edwin Sutherland created Continue reading...

- INTRODUCTION:
Kiichiro Toyoda founded Toyota Company in Japan in the year 1937. The Company is now a leader in automobile manufacturing in the industry world. It is in fact the largest manufacturer of vehicles in the world, with its operations functional in all parts of the world. The reach of Toyota products is existent in across 170 countries and is served by a dedicated global staff of over 300,000 employees worldwide. With the success of the first environment friendly vehicles like Prius and Hybrid Camry in the automobile industry, it has also established itself as a pioneer Continue reading...

Introduction

While many certainly agree that white collar crime presents serious legal issues the sociological implications, regarding deviant behavior, is not always obvious. No discussion inspires a proper balance for analysis without a relevant definition of our terms. According to a ‘Sociology’ glossary, published by the McGraw-Hill Higher Education (2014) group deviance is defined as “Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society.” The same glossary defines the concept or theory ‘anomie’ as a Durkheim term for “the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective” (“ Continue reading...

Ethical Dilemmas in Criminal Justice

Situation 1:
When it comes to understanding how and why judges think the way they do, it is important to see to it that they too are humans; and that somehow, they have the right to feel the need to be more effective in seeing how the situations affect the people involved and not themselves accordingly. Knowing what the connection of the judge is in the case and the defense team is important especially in pointing out the position of the judge in the situation that is being dealt with. Considering ethical matters surrounding the position of the judge Continue reading...

Importance of Motive in Criminal Investigation

Criminal justice usually does not deal with motivations of the crime, but only the crime. The judge does not ask why the crime was committed, but only whether the crime was committed. The question of motivation related to ‘why’ a particular crime was committed (Steinberg, n.d). Although, it does not make much of a difference in courts of justice, but for criminal investigations, it does. Particularly, in case of homicide, the investigator does seem to form hypotheses about various people around the victim regarding the possible motives for which those people may have committed the crime. Even though, this Continue reading...

For many years Socrates was an adorable teacher and a well-known philosopher in Athens. However, one of his speeches had an unexpected result on his career and life. At the age of nearly seventy years Socrates was sent to the prison by a court jury of 501 Athens’ citizens. He was accused in atheism, which was mentioned in one of his speeches. At that time the punishment for such a crime was an execution to death. So, Socrates was sent to the jail to wait for his death.
While the philosopher was in the prison at the small Aegean Continue reading...

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Air Wisconsin v. Hoeper Case
Facts of the case
The respondent of this case was the pilot Hoeper and the petitioner was Air Wisconsin Airlines Corp. When Air Wisconsin ended its operations from Hoeper’s home base, Denver, on an aircraft that he was qualified to fly, he was supposed to get another certification to fly a different type of aircraft, if he needs to continue in his job. After Hoeper was unsuccessful in clearing the certification process in his first three efforts, the company agreed to offer him yet another chance, but Continue reading...

International Humanitarian Law

International Humanitarian Law
The International Humanitarian Law also known as the Law of Armed Conflicts or the Laws of War has rules that control armed conflicts. It controls the way war is conducted. The law seeks to protect people who do not take part in the warfare. International Humanitarian Law recognizes two types of conflict: international armed conflicts and non-international armed conflicts. A crucial distinction should be made between the two conflicts.
Non-international conflicts are covered in the Common Article 3 of the 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocol II. Article 13(2) of Additional Protocol II Continue reading...

In this paperwork, I am going to discuss the following subject about threat of violence; when they are considered as crime giving examples of such criminal threats. I will also talk about what happens when criminal threats are made though interstate communication devices, giving my stand as to whether these threats should be termed as criminal deeds.
Through a literature review, according to the California Supreme Court conclusion approved in 2001, it affirmed that if a person makes a threat of violence and has intention to follow through, it can be considered a criminal act. It is important to Continue reading...

Was the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act upheld by the Supreme Court of the United States fully? Why (based on what constitutional principle)? The United States Department of Health & Human Services states that the Affordable Care Act was passed by Congress and then signed into law by the President on March 23, 2010 (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). On June 28, 2012 the Supreme Court of the United States made a ruling on the claim initiated by the National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (Obama Care Facts).
The Affordable Care Act was largely upheld by Continue reading...

I chose to watch episodes of Law and Order: SVU because they were readily available on Hulu. Watching the episodes I noticed that the violence portrayed on primetime TV crime shows can vary depending on current issues in society. Some of the episodes also depend on crimes committed in popular culture like the elevator fight between rapper Jay-Z and Beyonce’s sister Solange. The producers changed the scenario into a fight between an athlete and a woman accusing the athlete of rape; taking the idea of the scenario, the producers were able to expand on the storyline of rape Continue reading...

- What is meant by a Complex Internal Constituency? Explain how this effect can have deleterious consequences to the police organization.
Complex internal constituency is the situation where within an organization that deals with criminal justice there are various participants who have internal conflicts between them and at the same time they operate in such a manner as to achieve their own goals and objectives. This type of setting can lead to deleterious consequences to the police organization due to the fact that, such organizations need to work in coordination and with unilateral vision and mission and in case if Continue reading...

Film studies

The General (1998) by John Boorman.
This film shows us the real-life story of Martin Cahill, folk hero and criminal from Dublin. He pulled off two restless robberies in Ireland with his team, but attracted unwanted attention from the IRA, police and UVF. This film was screened by the Biopic studio, with all accompanying elements. The General is a film, which revolves around a hopeless romantic, who lives in the universe of policemen and thieves. This film shows gangster epic about the Ireland kingpin Martin Cahill, who blotted his “jacket of the decent man” only by civil bigamy. Surely, Continue reading...

Political Science

2014
Essay
Man is a social animal and needs basic needs for his survival. The basic needs include food, shelter and clothes. Also, he needs love, care, and interaction with other people. Broadly speaking, he needs to communicate with others In order to live effectively. Human beings live in groups, form communities and colonies. The consistent interaction of the people with each other and the environment, for their survival and living, defines the society. However, the society is more or less concerned social interactions. The driving force for such interactions is the division or class in the individuals constituting Continue reading...

Sonbol’s “Women in Shari’ah Courts: A Historical and Methodological Discussion” look at the Shari’ah courts and qadis before modern legal transformation. In addition, the article looks at the laws and the Islamic legal system that govern the role and lives of women. Many critics of the Shari’ah’s customs justify the laws relating to women with the teachings of the Qu’ran. Sonbol attempts to show the system before the culture transformed to the modern days and ways of reasoning. Even though the standard of the society dictated the importance of women, and the qadis Continue reading...

While the hit Netflix television series “Orange is the New Black” has succeeded in pulling back the curtain a bit on the situation facing woman in the criminal justice system; popular notions, assumptions and stereotypes of female offenders remain misleading at best or completely false at worst. More importantly, however, public policy continues to ignore the special status of women offenders despite the fact, as the show illustrates, of major differences in the types of crimes in which women commit crimes and the frequency in which they commit them.
Even though the traditional portrayal of women in the criminal Continue reading...

Every year, Jackson County judges handle more than thousands of cases, majority of which are disposed and the verdict stands as rendered, while some are appealed and some of these appealed cases as reversed. In a study conducted by The Star Tribune’s Jackie Chan, 182,908 cases were handled by 40 judges in Common Pleas Court, Domestic Relations Court, and Municipal Court, over a three-year period. The study was done to evaluate the performance of each judge and determine which judges were doing a good job and which ones were making too many mistakes.
Calculation of the probabilities Continue reading...

JUDGE: The State may call in its next witness

DISTRICT ATTORNEY WARREN: I would like to call Dr. Jake Barnes to the stand.

Joe Barry enters the box and is sworn in- 

WARREN: Dr. Jake please state your full name.

JAKE: Dr. Jacob Smith Barnes

WARREN: Thank you Dr. Barnes. Can you tell this court about our profession?

JAKE: I am a licensed forensics doctor.

WARREN: From your experience, how much time does it take for gun powder traces could remain in a person’s hand who fired a gun?

WARREN: Are you familiar with Mr. Robert Ransom?

JAKE: Yes, Attorney, he was brought to my clinic for gun powder testing on the month of August.
WARREN: Based from the results presented in this court, you decided that the result of the gun powder test is negative.

JAKE: Yes, Attorney.

Continue reading...

High-yield explosives are explosives that have a great amount of potential energy that produces explosions once they release energy suddenly. The explosions are usually having loud sound, light, heat, and pressure accompanying them. The energy so contained may be chemical energy as in the case of grain dust or nitroglycerin, pressurized gas as it is in aerosol cans, or nuclear energy as that produced by plutonium-239 or Uranium-235. The explosives are categorized based on the rate of reaction within its components. Those explosives with the reaction faster than the speed of sound are “high-explosives”. The materials that a slower Continue reading...

Core concepts in health

Secondhand smoke exposure is well known for causing diseases such as lung cancer and sudden infant death syndrome among nonsmokers. Though many countries, states and cities have come up with policies mandating smoke-free public spaces, millions of children still remain unprotected from exposure to secondhand smoke in private homes. Second hand smoke is a proven carcinogen and parents should take a legal responsibility to protect their children when smoking. The law should compel behavior for those parents who do not know or even care to know the dangers of secondhand smoke to their children. Parents who smoke around their Continue reading...

Ethics are described as moral principles that guide how individuals should act which is classified as either right or wrong. Federal agents are often faced with ethical dilemma in their line of duty which calls for the making of ethical decisions either immediately or after much consultation with their colleagues (Pollock, 2012).
The ethical dilemma presented calls for making an ethical decision. The issues identified are the right of the family of the murdered individual to obtain justice and the need for the drug cartels of the region to be arrested and put out of business following substantial evidence.
Continue reading...

Prior to 1960, the US experienced several crimes that can fundamentally be attributed to the racial diversity that exists in the US. This paper offers a quick review of the relevant facts surrounding racial prejudice and the policies that were put in place to curb this barbaric culture. Additionally it will look at why the criminal justice policies of transitional America were the best method for managing population increase and the diversity as well as why the policies were not the best. Furthermore, it will explore how the reading links to the philosophies of criminal justice and diversity. It Continue reading...