Bias Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Organizations are mandated as part of their objectified goals to formulate policies that are unbiased and geared toward the entire benefit of the society. There are numerous organizations that operate in line with this principle. Different documentaries and studies have recorded analyses and evaluations as to the viability of these organizations as far as the benefit to the state is concerned. Essentially, the state can be regarded as a large organization that seeks to protect and serve its citizens through its agents, state based organizations that are its subset. Fundamentally, a standard number of these policy research organizations seem (as depicted ...

Within Bias in Historical Description, Interpretation, and Explanation, by C. Behan McCullagh, McCullagh argues that historical bias is unnecessarily present within historical documents. McCullagh admits the fact that historians, just like average people, are bias. These biases can come through in the historians’ writing and documents, whether they are intended or unintended. McCullagh shows that these historical biases can be misleading to readers and students of history. There are four different types of biases. The first bias is that they misinterpret evidence. This can happen when a historian accepts some evidence but ignores others. The second bias is when some ...

Introduction

Racism is the ideology of racial inferiority/superiority at the individual, cultural, or institutional level that influences the perceptions and behavior of members of different racial groups towards others (Pieterse et al., 2011; Hoyt Jr., 2012). Research on the issue of racial prejudice has led to the association of perceived racism with poor psychological well being and psychological stress. Racism is an important concern in the present society due to the current prevalence of fatal violence against African Americans on the streets and even in church. It raises questions on the true incidence and impact of racial prejudice in the ...

Jane Austen is one of the most well known writers to come out of the nineteenth century and one of the most recognized female writers of all time. She is revered as a literary influence and many of her works are studied in English classes all throughout North America. She is part of the romanticism era of literature, and many of her works focus on the lives of people in upper-class Britain. One of her most well-known novels is Pride and Prejudice and this stands as a classic piece of literature from the nineteenth century. It is essential to ...

Bronzeville Woman in a Red Hat is a poem written by Gwendolyn Brooks and published in her famous collection of poems known as The Bean Eaters in 1960. Set in Bronzeville, where the poet is believed to have grown up, the poem narrates of the experiences of a black woman looking for a job as a housecleaner. The Bronzeville lady undergoes humiliation at the hands of a white family, and this is what the poem is all about; exposing some misconceptions the society might have on some of its members. On the other hand, Telephone Conversation is a poem written by Wole Soyinka, and it depicts a ...

The issue is whether the student based teacher evaluation is gender biased. Gender bias is a common social vice that is described as the subjective perception that some people are better positioned to perform some task based on their masculinity of their femininity. For instance, most societies hold that boys or men are better at academics, rationality and in most cases possess socially unruly behavior while their female counterparts are socially interactive, more disciplined and better in arts and languages (Templeton, 2016). With such gender-based bias ingrained in the society, the fundamental question is whether students are affected by ...

Early childhood education is an important phase of education. It is the child’s first experience of formal learning. At this stage, academics is not so significant as the development of like skills like hygiene, socialization, good habits and basic readiness for academics. This is also the stage when children step out from the secure and closed world of their family. They encounter the company of other children of their age. They establish relationship with the teachers. The values, beliefs and conventions in the society begin to take shape in the minds of the children. The kind of atmosphere ...

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White, Hana’s Suitcase by K. Levine, Why Me? By L. Allen and The Paper Bag Princess by R. Munsch present a wide range of conflicts and themes that are aimed at teaching children something about the world that surrounds them. All of the books are under the great influence of the ideology of the times they were written, so it is easy to spot different attitudes towards the same question, as for example, the classic emotional and empathic women in Charlotte’s Web and strong and brave Elizabeth in The Paper Bag Princess. ...

Abstract

Speech impediment is among the many disabilities that affect performance of children in the United States. The verbal communication of individuals is interfered with thereby implying that the impaired fail to communicate effectively with their teachers, fellow students as well as their close relatives. The result is a drop in the school performance if they are not subjected to the proper treatments which makes them improve their situation. This means that with proper interventions, they are able to significantly acquire higher scores in subjects such as English and Mathematics that are among the core fields in testing students’ competence. ...

It is not a new idea, but a recent CNN report (CNN.com, 2009) brings into question again whether there is a bias in the medical community against certain categories of people, most notably African-Americans.

The report, entitled “Does your doctor judge you based on your color?”, describes the experience of a black man named John Reid who went to the emergency room with an infected toe, a result, he was sure, of his diabetes. The doctor who saw him immediately ordered an amputation. Appalled by the decision, he demanded to see the head doctor, who instead ordered a series of IV antibiotics and physical therapy. ...

Literature Review

Given the nature of this paper, the literature review will be divided into themes and the relevant literature will be analyzed accordingly. There is a huge body of work from diverse sources related to this topic as it has had a lasting impact not only on the Middle East but also on world diplomacy in the past 40 years. The greatest legacy of the war was its shaping of people’s perceptions of the two sides of the faction. The ideas of underdog and top dog have dominated the conflicts in the Middle East for decades. After the creation of Israel ...

The paper on the childhood obesity will present the preliminary literature review and an action item checklist with the goals to achieve reduction of the problem that is on the increase. The child obesity has become a vast problem of the developed world and modern way of living which must be controlled in order to have a healthier population. The obesity has been quickly spreading and the prevention of childhood obesity must become a priority in improving the nation’s health.
There are two major effects of child obesity one is the physical health that is more documented and ...

Visitors’ Perception on Westminster London as a Sustainable, Responsible, and Environmental Friendly Destination

Referencesp.41
List of Figures
Figure 1. Findings from the questionnaires
Figure 2. Finding for three sections of sustainability, responsibility and environmental friendliness
Figure 1.1. Sustainability
Figure 1.2. Responsibility
Figure 1.3. Environmental friendliness
Abstract
Sustainable tourism is one of the rising trends in the tourism industry. More and more stakeholder groups are starting to realize the importance of their assets. One of the best ways to preserve tourist destinations (i.e. the assets) is to promote sustainable, responsible, and environmental friendly tourism management. Unfortunately, engaging in those kinds of practices and operations can be costly. Most tourism industry firms are still ...

Abstract

This study looks at the glass ceiling by examining three specific research questions. The questions look at the definition of the glass ceiling, its effects as well as how it can be broken. This part of the research contains a comprehensive literature review of some of the sources to be used. The literature review only includes sources from current peer-reviewed journal articles. The literature review reveals the fact that the glass ceiling is still in place in the current workplace and has various effects. The effects stem from factors such as unequal pay for the same job and lack ...

Abstract

This is a literature review on various research articles on the glass ceiling phenomena. The purpose of this literature review is to understand the glass ceiling phenomena, by looking at the various ways in which the glass ceiling phenomena presents itself. This literature review also intends to come up with various strategies which can be used to break through the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling phenomena has not yet been defined clearly by any of the researchers, but most articles agree that the phenomena discriminates women from career development. Means in which the glass ceiling effect manifests itself include ...

Labor Market

Labor market is a form of the economy that functions through demand and the supply of labor. Labor demand is the companies demand; labor and supply focus on the supply of the labor workers. The bargaining power is likely to have high influence on both supply and demand. Majority of the nation is aware that the labor market institutions that have equalizing effects tend to encounter challenges (Peitchinis, 2005). Policy change is required in relation to equality since it ensures that the status quo focuses on both national and international change. Labor market comprises of employees searching for work, employers ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson

As part of August Wilson’s ten play cycle, The Piano Lesson concerns issues that African-Americans deal with in the 1930s, primarily the effect of the past, its bearing on the present, and the consequences for the future. The weight of the past in the play is represented by the piano. This piano once belonged to the Sutter family, slaveholders who owned the members of the Charles family who currently possess the piano. As Doaker reveals when he explains to Boy Willy why Berniece will not consent to the sale of the piano, members of the Charles family stole ...

Shades of Prejudice

Thanks to the New York Times, the elephant in the room has finally been acknowledged. Colorism, the unconscious prejudice, has long thrived since by and large it has gone unspoken. The writer gives light to this issue and explores the extent of its effect in society. Colorism is a form of discrimination through which people receive differing social treatment based on their skin color. It is not only an intra-racial problem, with people of the same ethnic group discriminating against each other, but also an interracial issue.
Skin tone plays a significant role in who gets ahead and who does ...

Coe, (2016) in her article looks how four children are risk taking and how they deal with risk at an early year’s program that is nature located in Canada Ontario. Her research work is pegged on the inherent drive and natural curiosity in children to explore their immediate surroundings. Furthermore, the scarcity of information on risk and nature based learning in Canada forms the basis of this study. However, the major undoing of the research work is that the small number of study participants in the conducted study together with the sampling methodology used predisposes the study to ...

The issue of gender inequality has always been a serious concern raising a far-reaching dispute throughout the history of humankind. This point of legal inequality has been examined in different fields of human activity, employment and politics being the most emphatic ones (Anon, 2016). Besides that, the issue of gender inequality has developed to encompass a far wider range of human realms, including sports. Therefore, the major subject matter for this essay is gender inequality, specifically the phenomenon of women’s derogation (Anon, 2016).
Since the world of sport experienced recession in its general evolution, women became the most “ ...

Write one to two paragraphs

(a) summarizing the problem area (be specific in defining the problem)
The problem that has been chosen is the gender equality gap that is evident in corporate America. This problem is important due to the implications that this has on equality and social progress. The regard that is given to equality within the corporate and business realm has direct implications on the view that society as a whole has regarding the issue. Further problems can be seen in the lack of diversity that results from these hiring practices. This can lead to an inherent lack of critical thinking due ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a broad term describing all heart and circulation diseases, including heart failure, stroke, arterial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy and coronary heart disease. CVD accounts for upwards of 28% of all deaths occurred in the UK (160,000) in 2012, and an estimated 7 million people were thought have been living with the condition. The disease costs the country an estimated £19 billion annually in lost productivity, premature death, and medication costs (£6.8 billion). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is by far the most common and deadly of CVDs, accounting for 16% of male deaths and 10% of female deaths ...

Abstract

Tipping is a common activity between a service provider and the customer. It is very customary in the food services industry, and there is equal evidence of its practice in a number of other sectors. Determining how and why tipping takes place has been a research agenda for some time. This paper discusses the major views on this subject and demonstrates their contribution to the general debate on tipping. The works evaluated in this paper are those found to be central to the debate, specifically due to their nature of applicability, validity and comprehensive handling of the concept validity. The paper will discuss ...

Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is a highly influential American novel for many reasons, not the least of which is the compelling, well-drawn and uniquely American character of Atticus Finch. A strong, paternal presence to his family and his community, Atticus is highly principled, hard-working and dedicated to a sincere sense of justice. Both in his parenting of Scout and his defense of Tom Robinson, Atticus’ virtue is shown throughout. While America may not always live up to the standards Atticus Finch himself sets, he represents a set of ideals that America hopes to strive towards, including equality, fairness and standing up ...

Literature Review covering Media and Politics

Introduction
Media and politics come hand in hand because they combine to convey information to the public. Media is defined as the channel in which information is stored and transmitted to the population. The media has been given different names such as mass media or the news media. The media has many advantages and disadvantages that could end up ruining the country and corrupting the youth. Politics is defined as the practice of influencing people so as to do their civic duty in the society (Safire, p.566). By influencing people certain people are able to gain position of ...

Introduction

As the world gradually moves forward from an age that celebrates the independence of each nationality to an age of interdependence and collaborative efforts, then so does education. Joining the bandwagon of change for the better, education itself is changing with the changing times. Migration from the birthplace to another country, interracial marriages and other such circumstances have all made possible the convergence of diverse cultures and languages in a single place. In a classroom setting, no longer is it possible to see a concentration of just one race. Today’s society is full of individuals who come from a long line of ...

Hodkinson and Macleod argue that there are three important methods of research learning. These two authors divide research learning into four categories. These categories include the use of life history, the conduction of panel surveys, cross-sectional surveys, and the use of the mini-ethnography method. Both Hodkinson and Macleod agree that the learning processes involved in these research methodologies are different. For instance, history requires the theoretical construction of paradigms to shape up the research process. Surveys require the acquisition of ideas and creating a hypothesis to ascertain its correctness. Mini-ethnographies to a large extent require the active participation of the research ...

Music and Heritage in August Wilson’s The Piano Lesson

Music plays both an obvious and a subtle role in the action of August Wilson’s play, The Piano Lesson. The most obvious part is because of the piano itself. The piano is a part of the Charles family history. It was bought by the Sutter family during the time that the Charles family was owned as slaves by the Sutters. Robert Sutter bought the piano for his wife by trading two slaves for it; however, his wife, who plays the piano, decides she wants her slaves back because she misses them. Since the Sutters are unable to get the slaves ...

You can tell a lot about a person merely by what their appearance is telling you; these ‘channels’ of the body are what express the mind’s emotional state, and help to judge someone’s personality, and whether something is affecting their state of mind. Nonverbal behavior is an important component to forming impressions about people's personality, sociability, and mood, among other things (Ambady and Rosenthal, p. 439). When someone typically tries to figure out what someone’s emotional state may be, three determinants are used; the emotional state of the observer, the emotional state of the observed, and the information ...

Shakespeare’s Protests against Institutional Racism in Elizabethan England

Othello is not the only play in the Shakespearean canon that features racism, and it certainly is not the only play that challenges social mores. Whether it’s the feisty Beatrice, in Much Ado About Nothing, turning social convention on its head, in the sense that women were supposed to be prim and proper in Elizabethan England, when she wows Benedick with her powerful desire to save Hero, or whether it’s the Jew Shylock in The Merchant of Venice, endowed with many of the physical characteristics associated with the worst stereotypes associated with members of his religion but ...

Gay and lesbian issues

The purpose of this book was to explain how the Suicides among gay teens have become very common in males, with United States of America being at the receiving end. The author Chuck Stewart who is also a lecturer in Ohio explains how there are many causes that lead to these suicides. Stigma is one of the major causes of high number of suicides because the victims are victimized through various ways whereby the internet turns out to be the major tool of victimization. In 2006, World Health Organization released a report which indicated that over a million people commit suicide every ...

The primary characters of Shakespeare’s plays typically have an element of tragedy to them: some unfortunate outcome for them that occurs either despite their circumstances or because of them. In the case of Othello, the titular character is a tragic figure whose race leads many, including Iago, to scheme against him and lead to his downfall. In this essay, the character of Othello will be examined in terms of his race and behavior, through the lens of G.K. Hunter's "Othello and Color Prejudice." Here, Othello is presented as a black man who is a heroic figure, constantly fighting against the perceptions ...

1.0 Background
Capital structure decisions are critical for the profitability and or growth objectives of for-profit organizations. Financial managers are given the liberty of choosing the components of their capital structure as long their maximize the value of the stock and at the same time achieve some of the core objectives of firms. Some of these include maximization of the company’s value. Managers all over the world strive to find a combination of investment with the best gearing ratio. According to Huber (2011) excessive use of debt financing could lead to too much of the firm's profits being ...

Literature Review

Before indulging in gender-related issues within the hospitality industry, it is important to understand the role women play in it. According to Baum and Cheung (2015),
Within the industry, women make up nearly 70% of the workforce, however paradoxically there is a marked under-representation of women in senior positions, with women holding less than 40% of all managerial positions, less than 20% of general management roles and between 5-8% of board positions .
An immense amount of literature exists on gender-related issues encountered in the hospitality industry, especially by females. From discriminatory recruitment policies to salary differentials to sexual harassment ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is related to serious traumatic events and is characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness, and absence of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images. Research shows that reliable and modest gender differences exist in the growth of PTSD (Vishnevsky 110). Researchers also found that the risk of PTSD could vary in women because of type of trauma and prior history of trauma. However, the risk for PTSD in men is not much affected by the type of trauma and history of trauma. ...

As far as equality goes, there are no rules by which a person can be judged to be inferior to another person. There are differences, but these differences do not constitute a valid basis for discrimination, which is often the case with racism and sexism. As Singer argues, equality is a moral ideal rather than an assertion of a fact. The principle of equality is based on the fact that there are no moral differences between living beings.
Singer exposes the way in which animals are being used in order to satisfy human taste in food by saying that ...

Acknowledgement

Chapter 1
Introduction
Statement of Problem
Statement of Purpose
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms:
Chapter 11
History of pay inequality
Chapter 111
Laws
Chapter 1V
Women in leadership roles
Chapter V
Research Methodology
Conclusion

Bibliography

Abstract
Gender Differences as a Predictor of Salaries in Leadership Roles.
Salaries have increased drastically in the past 50 years but still there is a salary disparity between men and women. In today’s workplace, leadership roles are very competitive. Applicants must have many qualifications to be considered for leadership positions. Workforce found that women needed a Ph.D. to equal the ...

Police Brutality in the US

A Research Report
The Research
The research organization called Congressional Research Service engaged in a study to tackle one of the biggest issues that has been plaguing the United States for many years. The research report entitled “Public Mass Shootings in the United States: Selected Implications for Federal Policy Health and Safety Policy” was accomplished to help the public gain awareness and to be able to protect themselves from the grave threat of mass shootings. Jerome P. Bjelopera was the coordinator of the research, accompanied by Erin Bagalman, Sarah Caldwell, Kristin Finklea, and Gail McCallion. All of these hard ...

Abstract

The teachers provided the students’ learning with care, attention, and knowledge primarily needed by the students to engage in learning. In the contemporary world of learning, the strategies utilized by most teachers have shifted from the traditional ways to the student-centered learning in the principle that the students who are good readers are classified as good thinkers because they used the new technology in the application of the constant reading practices. The reading technological methods enhanced the reading abilities of the children at the elementary level, such as the library websites, EBooks, media using educational readings, and AR programs. ...

Nathaniel Hawthorne explores the idea of gender comprehensively in his work, The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorne tells the sad story of love and betrayal in families. His story is based on the 17th century Puritan New England. The cultural values and morals observed by Hawthorne’s community influences the social and gender expectations of the narrative. Hawthorne develops an interesting tale by basing his perspective on the 17th century world, which significantly affects the development of characters. The Scarlet Letter highlights that community and individual characters observe strict codes that provide guidelines on how individuals are supposed to live. Furthermore, ...

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Birthmark” is a story of a man and his love for science and his wife, Georgiana. Aylmer, a chemist, has given up his scientific studies to win the heart of a woman he loved. At one stage, the birthmark on his wife’s face disturbs him “as being a sign of earthly imperfection” (7). According to him, she becomes an imperfect thing. While trying to remove her mark by using chemical, she dies. His desire to win both love ends up in the rivalry that ruins his life. This story is the best example of Girard’s mimetic desire, which ...

Research Analysis-Compliments

Andreas Jucker’s utilizes a rational approach and strategies to explore successfully idea of speech compliments. The author applies pragmatic research strategy, thus analyzing the subject of study in a systematic and acceptable manner. The selection of the armchair research method is a calculative strategy because studying the language of a community is hard. This strategy provided the researcher an opportunity of exploring the subject from diverse perspectives (Jucker 1). Initially, intuition enabled one to imagine the language people use in different contexts while evaluating whether it is natural and appropriate. Experimentation required people to visit the laboratory and speak, as they would ...

The nursing profession has been plagued by poor performance for a long time. There have been cases of patients receiving poor healthcare from nurses, which has, in some instances, resulted to death of patients. There are a number of causes for the poor performance in nursing (Marquis & Huston, 2009). They include poor and unrealistic patient and work scheduling, biased and poor enforcement of policies, lack of leadership in the profession, failure to pay attention to the grievances of employees, failure to show care to the employees and failure by the management to lead by example.
Unrealistic patient and work scheduling ...

Book Review

This books try’s to unravel United Nations as an organization in regards to its mandate and the changing environment. The mandate of the United Nations is to promote peace all through the world through various initiatives that it has begun. It is made up of representatives from all the countries in the world hence gives a holistic view of the interests of the people in the world. Human beings are known to be the source of all problems in the world through greed and this has destroyed the world. This books give an inside look at the thinking of ...

Langston Hughes short story “On The Road” is about a black man who travels across the country on railways. He arrives by freight train and begins to look around for fold and shelter, by finding none finds himself going from door to door. This is one of the constant symbols in Hughes story, doors. Doors represent in this story the greater powers that be that prevent the speaker, Sargeant from attaining his freedoms society keeps him from having. The story was written at the time when the civil rights movement was heating up, and the doors that prevent Sargeant from ...

A brief review

Abstract
Recidivism rates are very instrumental in the policy making, offender incarceration and treatment. However when these rates are surrounded by uncertainty and are lacking, these rates do more harm than good. This is truer in sexual crimes, particularly in child molestations. While criminological literature emphasizes low recidivism rates for sexual criminals, the public fueled by media, consider it otherwise. Nonetheless recidivism rates are high for child molesters among the sexually offending group. Even among child molesters, there is much difference between the intra-familial and extra-familial groups too. Framework models and tools help specialists in identifying individuals with ...

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the many general similarities between Alice Walker’s "The Welcome Table" and Nadine Gordimer’s "Country Lovers", and the ways in which racism is presented by both writers. Both stories condemn the hypocrisy and attack the injustices of racist societies. Both stories have a symbolic element which is examined and discussed and the fact that both stories are set in very different societies and, therefore, have very different contexts and settings is always at the heart of the paper’s argument. Each story is also discussed and explored separately in order to focus on its individual qualities. ...

Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Research methods used in articles

The human brain is a receptacle of knowledge and reasoning and man has always had an inherent ability to think, analyze argue and conclude. The concept of critical thinking as a form of analysis has its roots during the time of Socrates. He believed that man should not blindly accept view- points placed before them by people in seats of power. Men are fallible and prone to confused thinking and empty rhetoric. It is important to analyze on the basis of knowledge, available data and insight. RH Ennis (2003) described critical thinking as, focussed thinking based on sound reasoning and reflections ...

Below is a discussion between three characters from the play Antigone by Sophocles as they are hosted in a talk show. The discussion below follows after the death of Etocles and Polynices.
Host: good evening everyone and thank you for coming out tonight. The topic of our discussion tonight is about the value of family and religious beliefs and values as opposed to following the law to the letter. There exists a thin line between the two concerning which we go for first while making a decision for an action. Ladies and gentlemen tonight , please welcome the three main characters in the ...

A Hand Book to Appalachia: An Introduction to the Region is an anthology of books written by various academicians and scholars under the umbrella of the Appalachian Regional Studies, a project that was fully supported by the government. The 336 page 15. 2 Ounces colle3ction was published by the University of Tennessee University Press on 1/5/2006. The 978-1572334595 internationally recognized book has a dimensions of 8.9X6.0X0.8 Inches. As highlighted, it was written by a group of academicians particularly from the University of Tennessee.
Most importantly; its worth to accept that it was co-edited by Grace Tonney Edwards, a distinguished professor of English ...

Shakespeare’s times are historically referred to as the Elizabethan period. During this time, people of different races lived in England and the relations between the English people and foreigners were quite complex. Foreigners were alienated from the mainstream society and this led to their destruction. One of the factors that influenced the complex relations between Englishmen and foreigners is the issue of Skin colour. Race was used to substitute social systems with new social hierarchies created certain attitudes towards the foreigners. This means that Elizabethan England was highly racist and had prejudicial ideologies that led to the formation ...