Calcium Literature Reviews Samples For Students

In plant cells, the mitochondria are the parts that produce the energy needed for the plants’ growth and development and also for the plants to perform their essential functions. (McBride, Neuspiel &Wasiak 2006; Henze &Martin 2003). It can therefore be said that Mitochondria plays a very crucial role in plant cells as it is the major producer of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (Kuhn et al 2009). It possesses many distinctive properties enabling it to work with specialized features of plant cell metabolism. (McBride, Neuspiel &Wasiak 2006). Several metabolic processes occur in the mitochondria and chloroplasts which play a very important role ...

The study of cells has led to many inventions. However, one of the things that is yet to be exclusively alaysed is the underlying preotein in the mitochondrian intake of calsium (Bernardi, Rasola, 2007). A survey done in 2010 brought the matter close to conclusion. Below is a pictorial representation of MICU1 that has been used for survey and which is the basis for many urguments.

The mitochondrion has two membranes; the outer and the inner membrane. As evident in the above figure, the MUCU1 is attached to the inner membrane. This makes it essential in sensing of calcium in ...

Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum

Literature Review

Literature Review - Interactions
Between Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria Calcium Dynamics
The interactions between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in plants have great significance in the ability of the plant to self regulate, grow well and even fight off toxins. Calcium is very important for strengthening cell walls (Holdaway & Helper, 2003). The dynamic of calcium up-take has been studied since the 1800s due to the importance calcium has as a regulator for successful growth and development of plants (Hepler, 2005). The intricacies of the part Calcium plays in intracellular reactions which regulate growth and development ...

What are the causes of muscular dystrophy in the elderly?

1.0 Introduction
Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of degenerative disorders that are hereditary and progressive which result in the weakening of the skeletal muscles. There is a variety of muscular dystrophy which differ in terms of onset, degree of severity, penetrance and pattern of muscles that are affected. The main types of muscular dystrophy include: facioscapulohumeral, congenital, myotonic, Duchenne, limb girdle and oculopharnygeal and distal. Some of these disorders manifest during the formative years of life but some only manifest later on. This therefore implies that muscular dystrophy is a group of degenerative disorders that affects people of all ages; ...

1.0 Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
Organelles are special compartments surrounded by a bilipid membrane which separates them from the rest of the cell which carry out specific functions. An example of an organelle is the mitochondria which are known to be the “powerhouse of the cell.” They have their own genome (mtDNA) and are semiautonomous. They are said to have evolved from a free α proteobacterium like organism (Takasugi, Yagi, et al., 2010). The word mitochondria is derived from two Greek words: “mitos” which means thread and “chondros” which means “grain”. These two words offer an apt description of the morphology ...

This literature review embraces an analysis of gastric bypass in relation to alterations that can occur within the body after surgery and follow up care needed to avoid them. Precisely, an account of nutritional adjustments; implications for anemia; vitamin deficiencies, and malabsorption tendencies will be uncovered. In concluding recommendations and implications for evidence based practice will be discussed.

Nursing: Gastric Bypass Literature Review

Introduction
Subtopics chosen for this literature review exploration are nutritional considerations; anemia complication; vitamin deficiencies and malabsorption tendencies. Eight articles have been selected to describe these interests in the surgical intervention under scrutiny. They are ‘Nutritional Considerations after Bariatric Surgery’ ...

Introduction

Dental implants are increasingly becoming popular because a large section of clinicians believe that natural tooth restoration techniques are inferior to dental implants as implants have a longer life than natural tooth and are less susceptible to biological changes. There are various types of dental implants that support crown, bridges, and dentures, and act as orthodontic anchors and facial prosthesis. The basis of the modern dental implant is a biological process in which titanium forms a bond with bone. Dental fixture is first implanted and then a prosthetic is added.
Over the years, various implant impression techniques, such as ...

Definition and description of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a complex chronic disease, characterized by the reduction of bone mass, increasing the likelihood of bone fractures.
There are two types of osteoporosis. The first type is common among the women who have the lack of estrogen during postmenopausal period. The deficit of estrogen leads to the increasing rate of bone loss. Osteoporosis type 2 is common among the male and female who are older than 70 years (Peña & Perez, 2012, p. 37).
As Unnanuntana and Kleimeyer indicate, scientists predict that the incidence of hip fractures increased from 1.26 million in 1990 to 4, 5-million by ...

Article review: Creatine supplementation with specific view to exercise/sports performance: an update Robert Cooper, Fernando Naclerio, Judith Allgrove, and Alfonso Jimenez

Currently, a lot of research exists on creatine supplementation, the protocols involved administering it, forms in which it exists and its potential side effects. In spite of these, there is uncertainty concerning the mechanisms through which creatine acts while in the human body to improve cognitive and physical performance. This review had a main objective of analyzing some of the more recent findings on the various effects and the mechanisms applied in creatine supplementation in health and sports. A secondary ...

Asthma Treatment

The research was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of three single doses of (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol) compared with a placebo and racemic albuterol in patients with asthma. Levalbuterol 1.25mg dose was used to compare with equal amounts of the R isomer in 2.50 mg standard dosage of racemic albuterol. Doses of 0.63 mg and 0.31 mg of Levalbuterol were also used in the study to represent one-half and one-third doses of (R)-albuterol 2.50 mg standard dose respectively

The research was double-blind, single dose ranging, five-way crossover study. The sample size was 20 patients with mild persistent to ...

As a result of several researches, which were carried out during the last few decades, it has been established that a variety of different ion channels exist in all plant cells of all the species (Sanders, et. al1999). Additionally, mechanically gated ion channels in plant cells prevent lysis that arises during hypo-osmotic stress and also set cell of the free osmolytes (Hwang, et. el2000). Detached calcium- anion- and potassium channels in the vacuolar and plasma membranes of plant cells (Essah P.A., et al. 2003) have been categorized and identified by patch clamping (Roberts, et. al1997).
The electro-physical analysis, which was ...

Introduction

Carbon dioxide is the main byproduct in a brewery. Accordingly, we have identified source of carbon dioxide, as an exhaust gas produced in a brewery. This report explains how such a source of carbon dioxide can be harnessed for future use.

Air extraction technology to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide

We understand that due to excessive burning of fossil fuels there is abundance or more than expected amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Accordingly, carbon dioxide can be extracted from atmospheric conditions using various technologies. This technology of carbon dioxide capture is a step wise process, which is called air extraction (Zeman and Lackner, 2004). In this technology, the ambient air ...

Chapter 1 Literature Review

CHAPTER 1

Introduction
During the past decades Vitamin D deficiency had become a major health concern among many Asian countries. Even countries where the sun shines all year round Vitamin D deficiency is still prevalent. This problem is attributed to the dietary factors, inadequate exposure to sunlight and skin pigmentation among Asian people. In terms of skin pigmentation, the majority of Asian inhabitants have highly pigmented skin. Although high skin pigmentation it is generally beneficial because pigmentation reduces the penetration of ultra-violet rays it can also reduces the production of building blocks required to produce Vitamin D. In Saudi ...

- Fitzroy River Turtle (R Leukops)
- The Biology
Fitzroy River Turtle, Rheodytes leukops is also called the white eyed river diver referring to its Latin name. Locally, it is sometimes called the “bum breathing turtle referring to its ability to utilize cloacal ventilating. This method of breathing improves its breath-holding capacity and enabling it to colonize riffle zones and take advantage of the associated greater densities of food resources during the wet season and early dry season. . “R. leukops was first described as a new genus and species in 1980 (Legler and Cann,1980) and most publications ...