Flow Reports Samples For Students

Lab Report: Experiment on friction in Pipe

Introduction:
Fundamental understanding of fluid flow is important to every industry related to chemical engineering, manufacturing industries etc. The flow networks are required to achieve continuous transport of products and raw materials from different processing units. Energy is required to be applied to the fluid to make it flow through the pipe overcoming energy loss in pipe. The pipe losses in a piping system takes place due to a number of system characteristics such as pipe friction, changes of flow direction, obstructions in flow path, sudden or gradual changes in cross-section and shape of flow path. In this report Continue reading...

The main objective of this research was to investigate the flow of water in a pipe at the various conditions. The experiment had the following specific objectives:

Apparatus

The apparatus used in the experiment are listed below:
- A hydraulic bench
- Osborne Reynolds apparatus
- Digital flow meter (one)
- Thermometer (one)
- Purple vegetable dye
Apparatus
The apparatus consists of a vertical clear pipe through which the flow visualization at the various flow conditions (laminar, transitional and turbulent) is done. The Osborne Reynolds apparatus used in the experiment is as shown below:
Figure 1: Osborne Reynolds Experimental apparatus

Results and Data Analysis

Continue reading...

Executive Summary 3

Introduction 3

Analysis and Results 6
Discussion of Results 8
Conclusion 8

Appendix 9

Executive Summary
In this lab, we will investigate an open-channel flow (flow down a channel with a free-surface, i.e. not confined by a rigid surface as would be the case with a pipe flow). You will get a chance to look at this flow analytically using the conservation equations (mass, linear momentum and energy), but the lab will focus on the observational evidence. You will be introduced to the hydraulic phenomenon known as hydraulic jump – the sudden transition from a higher energy state to a lower energy Continue reading...

Introduction

Microcirculation refers to the circulation of blood within the small blood vessels embedded in body organs. Microcirculation blood vessels consists of innervated vessels called arterioles on the arterial side of microcirculation and venules, which transport blood from capillaries to veins. These blood vessels have the function of distribution blood in tissues. The control of circulation in the microcirculation is under the control of two factors: Local control and the nervous system (Fung & Zwerfach, 2001).

The nervous system regulates microcirculation through sympathetic stimulation that involves hormones like nor epinephrine and epinephrine exerting their effect on smooth muscle. Local control mechanisms Continue reading...

The reason for difference in Net Profit from Operations in the Income Statement and Cash Flow from Operations in Cash Flow Statement is because, both the financial statement follows different accounting principle. While the Net Income of the company is calculated by following accrual basis of accounting, the CFO is calculated by strictly following cash basis of accounting. In other words, if the revenue from a unit sold during December is expected to be received in January, the income statement will record revenue in December itself while no such entry would be posted in Cash flow from Operations. Hence, Continue reading...

Executive summary:

As a fluid flows through a pipe, there are numerous losses due to the nature and characteristic of the pipe. Such losses can be investigated in the laboratory by setting up an experiment. This report, presents the results and discussion of an experiment set up to investigate fluid flow. The laboratory experiment is designed in order to determine the relationship between the head losses resulting due to friction and the velocity of flow of the water. Secondly, the experiment is aimed at comparing the measured and calculated values of head loss determined using the pipe friction equation. The data Continue reading...

The following are the objectives of this experiment:

Experimental Apparatus
The following apparatus were used in the experiment:
- One hydraulic bench
- Osborne Reynolds flow visualization apparatus
- A digital flow meter
- A mercury thermometer
- 1 liter of Purple vegetable dye
The Osborne Reynolds flow visualization apparatus used in the experiment is as shown in Fig. 1.
Figure 1: Osborne Reynolds flow visualization apparatus

Apparatus description

Osborne Reynolds apparatus consists of a vertical transparent pipe where the water flows. A valve is used to vary/adjust the flow rate or the velocity of water flow. The vegetable ink is injected into the water on the upper part Continue reading...

Income Statement:

The income statement reports the revenue and expenses of the firm over a period of time. The income statement is sometimes refered to as the statement of operations or Profit and Loss Statement. The income statement relies on the equation:

In other words, Income Statement serves the purpose of providing the investors and other users of financial statements with most appropriate profitability of the entity net of expenses incurred by the company. In an elaborated manner, income statement helps an investor to assess as how the business has performed by giving a summary of how the business incurs its Continue reading...

Introduction of Systems Analysis & Design

Systems analysis refers to the process of disintegrating a system into various components and determining how these components can interact and function. On the other hand, system design refers to the process of configuring necessary software and hardware components which can be used to solve a problem . System analysis and design is employed in different entities including manufacturing, business, and processing entities . In a business entity, system analysis is used to planning viable projects, defining requirements, and setting priorities for changing or improving existing systems. A business environment is dynamic in nature and full of uncertainties. Therefore, firms have Continue reading...

Objectives

The aim of this experiment is to study the laminar, transitional and turbulent flow of water in a pipe. This is achieved by observing the flow of colored dye introduced in the pipe, which can be altered by manipulating the flow control valve. Using the observed volume flow rate, the average velocity is computed, and used to calculate the Reynolds number for each case. The visual observations and the Reynolds numbers are then compared to analyze the extent of agreement between theory and experimental results.

Apparatus

- Osborne Reynolds Apparatus – This is the set-up required to observe the flow of Continue reading...

- Difference between cash balance and profit
Lily runs a flower arranging business but is unaware of the accounting and finance aspects of it. Her friend has prepared the financial statements for her, and she would like to know it in detail. From the information given, it is seen that Lily has enough cash on hand. Hence she supplies the services on credit and makes payment in cash. She is also planning to purchase a vehicle and make the payments in cash. The source of additional cash is given which is an inheritance of money. Hence, she has decided Continue reading...

Section 1:

Cash Flow Statement
*Refer to excel sheet for all the calculations
**We have started Cash Flow with operating income as even with net income we had to add back items to reach at operating income only.

Importance of Cash Flow Statement

Unlike other financial statements, Cash Flow Statement details the position of cash in the company. While both the income statement and Balance Sheet are made on accrual basis, Cash Flow is made on cash basis of accounting. In this way, Cash Flow Statement provides a detailed and an in-depth overview of cash inflows and outflows from the company. Below discussed is some other Continue reading...

- Investment analysis of the Emirate Airline
- The University
- [Instructor’s Name here]
- Table of Contents
- Financial highlights analyses, 2010-2014 .. 02
- Horizontal analyses 02
- Vertical analyses 04
- SWOT analysis .. 04
- Cash flow analyses, 2010-2014 . 06
- Cash flow statements analyses 06
- Profitability position 08
- Liquidity position 08

Horizontal analyses
The four-year revenue growth of Emirates Airlines was 90.4 percent, or an average annual growth of 22.5 percent. This growth performance is moderately high and impressive for a company in the airline industry, an industry reputed for its low Continue reading...

Introduction

The aim of every business executive is to make a company successful. They go beyond their ways to implement strategic and management techniques to achieve this. However, most management advice and strategies that companies use are quite unreliable and impractical. Only a few tend to adopt strategies that work for them. The difference in strategies is what leads to different financial position of companies. Some companies therefore end up being better than others. This could be in the name of market share, innovation or even recognition. In the end, some companies stand out than the others. This report is Continue reading...

1. Abstract

The proposal aims at to giving a solution to the problem of low power output by designing a power generation system that maximizes power output by mounting the turbine on a D.C generator with a suitable coupling. This generator is then connected to the water pipe. The turbine is designed to generate electricity by converting kinetic energy from water flows to electric energy. The use of this technology proves sustainable as it works under minimum maintenance. In this proposal is included the conceptual approach, results ad conclusions arrived at validating the significance of Continue reading...

Control valves are an important gadget in engineering and the building of structures. Virtually, there are thousands of loops that determine how machines operate. Fundamentally, a valve controls the thermodynamic flow of fluid through regulation of fluid volume and speed. In essence, material flow at every point in the loop is the control using a control valve. In the engineering, there are fluid loops that contain energy transmission fluids, as well as loops containing different materials related to the nature of the end product manufactured. As a matter of fact, besides the structural characteristics that a control valve possesses, Continue reading...

PART I: MAJOR RISK FACTORS

- Interest rates: The economy is experiencing fluctuation in interest rates on mortgages. ABC produces cedar roofing and siding shingles hence it is in the housing industry. The demand for housing is largely influenced by interest rates since most people buy and construct houses using mortgages. High interest rates increase the cost of mortgages and lower the demand for housing (Smart & Megginson, 2008). With low demand for the company’s products, the planned expansion may result in losses.
- High competition: There is intense competition in the industry as the number of firms has grown considerably. This leads to Continue reading...

Oxygen and Respiratory Disease

Part 1: Introduction
Oxygen and respiratory complications are closely associated with oxygen therapy. Long term oxygen treatment can help to make the quality of one’s life better. Oxygen therapy help COPD patients and those with hypoxaemia, low oxygen levels to live longer. Even if oxygen is prevalently used in hospitals, it has often been wrongly prescribed causing further complications to patients. The major indication for oxygen therapy is the respiratory failure. Respiratory failure involves the failure to keep up adequate gas exchange. Documentation in a number of hospitals fails to record the respiratory rate and other vital signs Continue reading...

Analysis of Cash Flow Statement

Cash Flow From Operating Activities:
i)Richmond Football Club:
The operating cash inflow for the company during 2012 was $3451373 with an increase of 20.54% compared to 2011. The increase was attributed primarily to increase in earnings from operations of the company during the year that included receipts from football operations which stood at $14296030, Receipts from market Operations which amounted to $19404901 and finally receipts from Gaming and Other Social Operations that amounted to $3774743. However, a substantial decrease in contribution from Jack Dyer Foundation Group and Interest received, offset some percentage of increase in operating cash flows Continue reading...

Lab #9: Dimensional Analysis and Similitude

Introduction
Dimensional analysis is one of the powerful tools in the determination of relationships between physical parameters. This technique involves manipulation and comparison of the units of physical features so as to achieve the desired relationship, whose units conform to the expectation of a quantity being derived. On the other hand, similitude refers to the a technique where a real life structure or component is reproduced by at a lower scale such that every dimension is drawn to the scale and at a constant proportion among all members of a structure. This technique assumes that a model behaves in Continue reading...

LAB#7A

Theory and Operation
1. Black Direct Acting Pressure Relief Valve
This lab is used to analyze the action of various values by disassembling and assembling. This valve is used to describe its action in the hydraulic circuits.

Action of Black Direct Acting Pressure Release Value

The relief valve acts as the fuse or circuit breaker in an electric circuit. An electric circuit blows a fuse unless it overloads. The hydraulic circuits allow the relief value to dump. Protecting the pump from the excess pressure is the main function of a relief valve. The direct acting relief value responds quickly to the pressure tries to go and observe Continue reading...

Verification of Bernoulli’s Equation

Bernoulli’s Equation is among the most crucial equations in fluid mechanics. The experiment led us to conclude that this equation is an example of the initial law of Thermodynamics. In addition, the experiment verified the application of the equation to the steady state flow of an inviscid and incompressible fluid. As the fluid flows in a pipe, the changes in pressure, velocity, and elevation should be consistent in order to satisfy the equation. The restrictions in the application of Bernoulli’s Equation include a steady flow, negligible friction losses, and constant density. Our calculations also verified Bernoulli’s Continue reading...

Introduction

As the business world, including the Information Technology industry, becomes more and more complicated and dependent on technology, the need to organize systems and methodologies turns out to be a necessary requirement in order to develop well-functioning information systems that ensures the users' needs are understood and met with the correct business solutions at hand. Thus, this paper aims to introduce the various concepts involved in systems analysis and design (SAD) such as business information systems (BIS), rich pictures (RP), soft system methodology (SSM), system development life cycle (SDLC), and flow diagrams. In addition, this introductory paper will show Continue reading...

Research analysis indicates that hydraulic jumps may occur in places like rivers and any other fast flowing liquid channels. They occur when liquids with a high rate of kinetic energy are slowed down immediately leading to its format. These hydraulic jumps can happen in in places like waterfalls and also in fast flowing cataracts. According to Bonn 2009, a hydraulic jump occurs in open channel flows which include spillways and rivers. A high velocity of liquid discharges into a lower velocity zone and an immediate rise occurs on the surface of the fluid. An immediate slowdown of the rapidly Continue reading...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

The experiment involving one orifice plate aims to investigate the flow rate and throw resulting from different orifice sizes. The first orifice resulted into 715 m head over jet with a fixed volume of 20 L and a flow rate of 0.72464 L/s. It took 28:53 seconds with 1185 mm throw on the first orifice. The second orifice resulted into 650 m head over jet with a fixed volume of 20 L and a flow rate of 0.70174 L/s. It took 28:53 seconds with 1125 mm throw on the second orifice. In contrast, the third orifice resulted into 560 Continue reading...

1. Convergent-Divergent nozzle experiment
When the downstream pressure in a converging diverging nozzle reduces below a critical value, no further reduction in throat pressure or increase in mass flow rate occurs. Under this condition, the nozzle is said to be choked.

Pressure: U-Tube manometers to measure the pressures in the nozzle relative to atmospheric pressure.

• A water manometer is connected to the inlet pressure tap (P0-P1).
• Mercury manometers are connected to the throat (P0-P2) and downstream (P0-P3) pressure taps.
• Atmospheric pressure, P0, to be read on the barometer.
2. Objectives

The objective of this experiment is to find conditions that give choked flow. These conditions include;

• To find choke velocity, UC
• To find Critical Pressure Ratio, P2C/P0
• Compare to Theoretical Values for Isentropic Flow
Additionally, the results of this Continue reading...

Part I

1. Time value analysis is the concept implemented when there is a necessity to identify future value of one unit of a currency supposed to be received in several years or the amount of money supposed to be received in future from one unit of currency invested today. The basic concept of time value of money analysis is that the value of alternative investments depends on the time when they will be exchanged. Interest rate may not cover inflation rate contributing to the differences between the present and future values of investments (Khan Academy, 2013).
Time value analysis is Continue reading...

Logistics and operations management has improved with the introduction of the current ICT systems like GPS, GIS, warehouse management systems, and transport management systems. Adoption of the current technology offers a solution to ensure logistics and supply chain management is more streamlined and efficient than before. The flow of a product depends on information, regarding that particular product. Manufacturers and distributers aim at serving their customers in a flexible and speedy manner through exploiting various ICT systems. According to Edwards, Peters and Sharman (2001), manufacturers and distributors have created global nervous systems enabling continuous flow of information and materials Continue reading...

Administrative modification, powered by an extension of information technology, may have underwrote to the erosion of the previously established relationship between company size and the quantitative investment appraisal criteria selected. Seemingly, companies are by means of utilizing more methods composed, while the use of the more urbane discounted cash flow. However, systems are sophisticated, and that use of the less hypothetically sound accounting rate of return technique seems to be reduced, than aforementioned studies would have recommended of businesses .
Consequently, accounting modification may result from procedures ascending within an organization in which it is operational, while as of occasions Continue reading...

I would like to acknowledge the following persons and organization who did my research to be successful. They worked tirelessly with me to ensure that this research was successful.
- The university management which provided the resources that I needed in the research.
- My very able lecturers who assisted me during the research period and guided me on how I should go about it.
- The librarian and all the workers that work in the library who always ensured I could get the books I needed for my research.
- The people who proof read my report to Continue reading...

Analyzing Financial Statements 2013

Ratio analysis makes it possible to compare performance within the current year against performance in previous year. A trend can be established to determine areas which are expanding and the ones contracting.
The profit margin ratio is one of the profitability ratios and indicates the extent to which costs of goods sold are being controlled in relation to sales income.
The inventory turnover ratio is one of the efficiency rations and measures the efficiency of the business in keeping its inventory as low as possible in relation to sales; the more time the inventory is turned over, the more Continue reading...

Analysis:

Analysis of the cash flows:
The cash flow statements in this case have been derived from historical financial and operating data of the hospital. Three critical cash flows will be analyzed using graphs. These are cash flows from operations, cash flows from investing and cash flows from investing. This will be done over the 2003 to 2006 period reported.

Chart 1: Chart showing the trend of cash flows from operations from 2003 to 2006
These are cash flows that the hospital generates from offering medical services to patients. From the chart shown above the cash flow from operations has Continue reading...

Management of Working Capital Case Study: George's Trains

Executive Summary
Actionable information on the future and current cash flow, working capital, and capital budgeting are what managers in both small and big businesses work hard to obtain in their daily activities. Working capital is can be used to measure up the liquidity of the operations of the business (Sullivan 2010). It is usually the current assets subtracted from the current liabilities. Managers are normally concerned about working capital and would always seek the best practices to achieve a better working capital management. This report tries analyses the case study of George’s train business with an aim Continue reading...

Section 1

Free cash flow calculation for Google can be done in three different ways. This will be a cash flow which will be available for all the investors of Google, its shareholders and also bondholders. It will be obtained after Google makes all its investments that are required to sustain the demands of its products. The second formula that will be applied for this case is the WACC. It will be calculated asWACC=SS+BrS+BS+BrB1-TC
Therefore, the WACC = $ 1255/ ($ 1255 + $ 1380) * 0.12 + $ 1380/ ($ 1255 + $ 1380) * 0.15 (1 – 0.35) = 0.055
The other method to obtain this value will be the Continue reading...

Business Model

The following graph shows the company’s performance in terms of earning revenue and the profit.
During the first two years, the company will incur a loss which will come down to its minimum by the end of second year. The loss will be pretty much as above $98,000 approximately but with the growth in revenue, it will come doen to just ocer $2,000 by the end of the second year. From the third year onwards, company will be earning solid returns with the profit for the fifth year amounting to approximately $93,000.

Break even analysis

The break even Continue reading...

LO1- Understanding the sources of finance available to a business

Royal enterprise is partnership between former students who are now fresh graduate. They intend to start up an enterprise targeting students and lecturers of their former learning institution. The enterprise will be with selling airtime credit, mobile phones and accessories, light electrical appliances, printing accessories, photocopying papers, stationeries, a cyber cafe, printing and photocopying services. It will be located in the tertiary institution in the city. This is a legal business which is run by mutual confidence and trust among partners with a basic motive of making profits.
The enterprise is made up of three owners who have made Continue reading...

(Topic of the paper)

Introduction:

Our analysis of a company listed on US Stock Exchange is based on Starbucks Corporation, while for with the competitor within same industry, we shall be analyzing financial statements of Dunkin Donuts.

Starbucks Corporation is a leading marketer and retailer of coffee, having its outlets in 60 countries around the world. The stock of the company is listed on NASDAQ Stock Exchange with the tick symbol of ‘’SBUX’’. Apart from selling coffee, the company is also involved in tea, beverages and variety of fresh food items. Today, Starbucks is a leading and most recognized coffee Continue reading...

Internship scope:

- Controlling, booking and reconciling the postings and cash movements registered selling points per day.
- Controlling, booking and reconciling credit card transaction,
- Controlling, booking and reconciling miscellaneous payment modes like airline vouchers
- Controlling daily cash flow (bank issues),
- Support cost controller by stock control.
- Filing and documentation.
- Create proforma invoices for accounting.
- Supporting the monthly and periodical closing activities.
- Tracking and weekly reporting employees’ differences.
- Checking recipes. Continue reading...

Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
3
2.0 Basic Components of a Jet Engine
3
2.2 Compressor
3
2.3 Combustor
4
2.4 Turbine
4
2.5 Exhaust Nozzle
4
3.0 Classification of Jet Engines
4
3.1 Turbojet engines
5
3.2 Turboprop Engines
6
3.3 Turbofan Engines
6
3.4 Turboshaft Engines
7
4.0 Creation of Thrust in a Jet Engine
7
5.0 Conclusion
9
6.0 References
10

1.0 Introduction
According to Hunecke (1997), jet engines also known as gas turbine engines are the most widespread and most efficient method used for airplane propulsion currently. The use of jet engine began during the Continue reading...

FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAINSBURY

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Sainsbury, one of the top retailers of UK, has been analyzed in this report. This report analyzes the business model of the company.
- The report analyzes the income statement of the company over the last five years. The financial statements of the company analyzed are from the years 2008 to 2012. These statements have revealed that the performance of the company has been improving and the sales of the company are growing at an average growth rate of 5.73%.
- Cash flow statements of the company of the last five years are presented and these Continue reading...