Valuation Reports Samples For Students

Business Valuation

The forecasted sales growth rate is expected to be at 24% from the year 2015-2018 reflected by an increase in the sales from 98,375 to 230,704. Such an increase can be explained by the fact that, Oroton group signed a new contract with Brooks Broters, a move expected to sustain the sales even after the loss of Ralph Lauren.

Forecasted ATO

The forecasted ATO stands at 2.2179, consistent over the period of 5 years. Such consistency is explained by the fact that, Oroton has fashion leather goods as its main products which have been consistent over the five years.

Forecasted PM

The forecasted ...

Valuation Method: FCFF Model

In this section, we will now compute the intrinsic valuation of Air Canada using Discounted Cash Flow Valuation using FCFF method. Referring to the annual report of the company for the latest years, 2011, 2012 and 2013, we found that the company had never paid dividend, hence, it was clear that we cannot go ahead with dividend payments to value the firm. Moreover, FCFF valuation is suitable for firm-wide valuation which is the very essence of our report. Here are some of the rations as why we selected FCFF for valuation of the firm:
- As discussed above, ...

CAPLAND AND REAL ESTATE ADVISORS PVT. LTD.

Doc. Ref. 2013:01

CapLand Real Estate Advisors Pvt Ltd

Target Audience:
Importance: High
Outcome Required: Response & Direction
Introduction of the company: The firm of CapLand Real Estate Advisors Pvt Ltd has been actively involved in providing services to the public in the field of real estate valuation. Their headquarters are located in the city of Queensland, Australia but they operate and provide their services throughout the country. It is a specialized company that combines the expertise of a commercial real estate agency, a development management platform and a real estate consulting team. Together with so many specialties they offer a ...

Valuation:

The information provided in the case as well as historical financial has been used in the excel model to place a value of the business. The excel model provides 3 valuation methods, which are DCF valuation method, market multiple value based on number of physicians and lastly, market multiple value base on revenues. The table below shows the results of the valuation carried out on Akron Family Practice.

Differences in valuation:

Yes, the valuation will depend on who is going to make the acquisition. This is many because different acquirers of the practice may have different intentions. From the preliminary work done by a ...

The advent of the digital age has brought along new business processes and technology that run organizations. Globalization has since taken root in concepts of products development and service delivery and thus companies are able to have operations in almost every corner of the world. Nations are now able to take advantage of such worldwide business opportunities in order to increase profits and revenue. However, this global nature of business has brought along its fair share of problems. There is new wave of competition in the market by companies consistently innovating new products to meet consumer needs. This cut-throat ...

Solvency Ratios:

These ratios indicate the long term solvency of the company, i.e., if the company will be able to honor its long term obligation. Furthermore, it also helps in understanding the capital structure of the company. Below discussed are the solvency ratios of Debenhams Inc:
i) Debt to Equity: Debt/ Equity
(Debenhams, 2013)
ii) Interest Coverage Ratio: Operating Earnings/ Interest Expense
iii) Debt to Capital Employed Ratio: Debt/ Capital Employed (Mckeith, Collins, 2013)
*Debt= Total Debt
*Capital Employed: Total Assets- Current Liabilities

Analysis:

The above analysis of the company using Solvency Ratios indicates that, over a year, ...

Introduction

In an organization, the corporate level of management carries out the growth strategies of the organization. Growth strategies are employed to seek growth, sales, profit and market share or any other objectives the organization may have set. The growth strategies are expected to result to an increase in the organization value. Some of the growth strategies which may be implemented are vertical integration, horizontal integration, and diversification, take over, mergers and acquisition, strategic alliance and joint ventures. The strategies discussed leads to an increase in the market share of a firm. The strategies are also adopted to help the firm ...

On 20 Moorgate EC2, London City, UK

For
Henvesco
Manager of Central London Office Unit Trust (CLOUT)
As of
Real Estate Acquisition Team (REAT), London, UK
Project no.
Regarding: 20 Moorgate, London, UK
In order to comply with your request, our team has conducted research on the market data and is through with the value analysis of the property named above. This study is therefore presented to you in a summarized report that narrates the factors surrounding the acquisition of 20 Moorgate EC2.
This study is geared towards estimating the market value of the Estate “As is” on 31st March 2017.the report is therefore written in ...

Stock Analysis: PepsiCo

Summary:
Current Price of stock: $103.78
Projected Price of stock: $159.98
Recommendation: Buy
About the company
Founded in the year 1898, PepsiCo is an American multinational company that manufacture and process food snacks and beverages. Headquartered in New York, Pepsico is the the behemoth of food and beverage industry in the United States with annual revenue of $63.05 billion. The company owns a series of brands such as Frito Lays, Tropicana, Mountain Dew, Quaker Oats, Gatorade, et cetera. By the end of 2015, the company had employed 263,000 employees and was selling its products in more than 200 ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The major points in this report regard ideas on viable investment ventures. The investment idea will be that of a turnaround of a company in the United States of America. The United States of America has one of the largest stock exchange markets in the world (Arnest 2011). The stock exchange markets in this country have attracted potential investors from all over the world. Investment in stocks has integrated many investors into one big market where shares and bonds are bought. More so, in these markets, there has been exchange of financial assets from one person to another. This has enabled ...

Executive Summary

Evaluating investments risks’ and potential return is crucial for investors’ as a way of establishing the expected return for their portfolios. In that respect, the analysis has used the Darden Case on American Greetings and the analysis on the Company as an investment has been done with use of DCF model that uses the present value of the expected future cash-flows. In addition, the analysis has been done using the future cash-flows for the years 2012 to 2015.
The company’s WACC has been established to be 0.11% given the risk-free rate of 0.05% and the Market rate of ...

Report

Corporate takeover
In a corporate takeover, two methods are commonly used. There is the purchase method and secondly the pooling of interest method. The first is applied where the acquirer can be identified while the latter is used where the acquirer cannot be identified. In a corporate takeover, several aspects of valuation are necessary. They are as follows – share valuation, valuation of business, valuation of fixed assets and shareholder agreement (Solomon, 2011).
In the event of a corporate takeover, the financial statements are adjusted so as to remove items which are not reflective of the ongoing business on a continuous basis. ...

Executive Summary

Fundamental analyses of company shares involve the review of the financial aspects of a company and generate metrics, such as the price and book value of a security or the enterprise value and the EBITDA to value of a stock. Conversely, the technical analysis of a company shares involves the valuing of company shares on the historical information about pricing and volume. In this analysis several assumptions are used: the market value is taken to reflect the demand and supply of the security, the demand and supply are driven by factors such as economic and information analysis which are rational and speculations which ...

Introduction

For increased efficiency in the hiring of employees within an organization so as to ensure consistency as well as in compliance with the procedures of recruitment and selection it is recommended that the following measures need to be adhered to.

Human resource recruitment procedures

These include identification of the vacancy with evaluation for the need which is followed by the development of a description of the position. The next step is the development of a recruitment plan followed by selection of a search committee proceeded by posting of the position and implementation of the plan for recruitment. This is followed by review of the applicants and ...

Introduction

Investment is an important activity for an organization, as it provides an opportunity to the companies to flourish their earnings (Higham, 2004). There are enormous amount of companies in the world which are physically doing their operations to enhance their residual claims. In fact, the real productivity of an organization lies in the fact that how effective and powerfully, an organization would become able to generate economic profit, and satisfying the needs of their investors (Hitchner, 2011).
Investors, usually the external investors always look forward in investment opportunities in the companies; however it requires extensive training and critical ...

Accounting

Accounting implications of valuing inventory under FIFO method
FIFO stands for first in first out. That means that the goods which comes in stock firstly will be dispatched (sold out) firstly. So it means that closing inventory is being stated at the latest stock price under this method.
In the period of rising prices of the fast moving consumer goods, when company’s inventory in being valued under FIFO method then the closing stock will be highest. Closing stock directly affect the cost of goods sold ( i.e. CGS) and the CGS directly affect the profit of the ...

Introduction

Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is a major American holding company based in Omaha. Berkshire Hathaway owns several subsidiaries, which deal in different business activities such as property ownership, reinsurance, casualty insurance, energy, finance, utilities, manufacturing, retailing and services. Some of the company’s subsidiaries are major players in different sectors of the economy. For example, GEICO is one of America’s top auto insurers. Warren Buffet acquired the majority shareholding of the company in 1970. Currently, Buffet is the serving CEO and chairman of Berkshire Hathaway Inc. Warren Buffet has acquired several companies over the years and turned them into successful ...

Financing and Accounting Comparison

The way how a company spends their financial resources can spell the difference between failure and continuous operational expansion. This is why it is important to compare the financing and accounting methods of a startup firm to one that is already established and continuously earning like UPS.

Accounting Methods

A more sensible accounting method-related variable would be the use of resources or the cash flow statement. The cash flow statement shows how a company is making use of the financial resources that it obtains from its operations (if the company managed to earn a profit for that period), financing activities, and ...

Regression Analysis

Using the regression analysis, we are willing to reveal the real trend behind the growth multiples of the company, i.e. whether the trend in the financial multiples posted by the company is real or just inflated numbers. Stated otherwise, regression analysis is performed to understand how sustainable are the financial numbers and how can these historical trends help us in forecasting the future performance of the company.
The first two multiple analyzed were sales per share and EPS as these multiples reveals the amount of money the entity is making. Analyzing the trend, we witnessed that while the sales ...

Investment Portfolio Management

The company was established in 1997 and its main activity is to provide is a global coverage for streaming movies and TV series. The total subscribers to the services are 75 million people spread over 190 countries. It is the world leading on the side of linear TV networks covering most of the entertainment movies and series. They offer their programming though this is done on-demand via the applications which run on both phones and the smart TVs.

Historical price method

Using the analyst consensus method to predict Netflix stock price 12 months from today we will rely heavily on the methodology. ...

INVESTMENTS

Economic overview
The economy of Jamaica greatly relies on services that accounts for over 70 percent of its GDP. The Nation continues to earn most of the foreign exchange from remittances, tourism and alumina/bauxite. Both tourism and remittances accounts for 30 percent each, whereas alumina/bauxite exports contribute roughly 5 percent of the GDP. The alumina/bauxite sector was the greatly affected by global downturn whereas the remittance flow and tourism industry remained resilient.
The economy encounters several challenges to its growth including soaring corruption and crimes, huge-scale underemployment and unemployment as well as a debt-to-the-GDP ratio that is about 130 ...

About the paper

The paper is commissioned to conduct financial analysis of UK based retailer, Morrisons PLC. As part of this analysis, we will be using the raw financial figures for the year 2014 and 2015, and will take the assistance of ratio analysis to unearth the financial trend in the company. In addition, we will also calculate the intrinsic value of the stock using the dividend discount model, and will then culminate the paper with a final conclusion on the financial standing and stock valuation of the company.

About the company

Founded in the year 1899, Morrisons Supermarket is a UK based food retailer. ...

1) In equity markets, dividend declaration is generally a very significant event and usually affects the price of the stock in a large manner. However, the relevance and usefulness of declaring dividends has been debated for a very long time.
It is well understood that declaration of dividends is not a legal requirement (ASX). Firms can not declare dividends and choose to reinvest their whole profit into the business. Some of the popular companies which do not pay dividends are Berkshire Hathaway, Amazon, Yahoo, Adobe etc.
Even companies like Google and Apple had stopped paying dividends for long periods ...

India’s Answer to Amazon

(Author Name)
(Instructor Name)

Summary

Flipkart has grown to become India’s largest ecommerce retailer, with sales of over $2.4 billion and valuation of $7 billion in a period of seven years. The company is a replica of amazon, and has been expanding from books into other segments gradually, thanks to growing internet penetration in the country through mobile. By offering unique solutions such as cash on delivery to its clientele, the company has seen phenomenal growth. However, it now faces competition from Amazon which has entered India in 2013. The paper outlines the functioning of Flipkart and how it has ...

Introductory Scenario

Management of investment and portfolio is more than essential for an organization as well as for the individuals, as it is the only thing that enables them to bring both financial and non financial effectiveness to them. There are certain models that specifically used for the purpose of financial analysis and forecasting, and effective compliance is essential from their side (Hendry & Ericsson, 2001).
Investors and shareholders always concerned with the financial position of the organization, along with its current share movements. The share movements would then be subjected to the enhancement of effectiveness for them. Shareholders are usually ...

1. The valuation approach is simple. QFinance (2012) suggests creating a base line valuation for investment appraisal. Thus, American Cable will buy AirThread for its “current” value, that is, the value of its operations and assets, as well as the intricacies considered (stated in the case files). AirThread is expected to negotiate with American Cable and depending on the appetite of American Cable for acquisition, it may allow for certain upward price movements with respect to AirThread’s total value. This is the second step of the valuation, the determination of the contribution of American Cable’s acquisition to AirThread’ ...

Introduction

The report discusses the outcome of the financial analysis of Fresh Fashion for the period of three years beginning 2014 .As part of this analysis, we will exclusively focus on liquidity assessment, and inventory and account receivable management of the company. While the sole objective of framing this report is to appraise the investment opportunity in the company’s stock, however, since we are only using financial ratios as the tool of assessment, we will also discuss some of the limiting factors of financial ratios.

Ratio Analysis

Financial ratios allow us to transform raw financial figures into useful multiples, which can ...

Business Role-play: Negotiation

Business Role-play: Negotiation

Introduction

This negotiation took place between two different teams. The first team, made up of three team members, was tasked with selling a product to the second team for sale in retail stores in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. During this negotiation, both teams had a clear goal: to make a good business deal and build a good relationship with members of the other team. This was mainly a preliminary negotiation, which means that both teams were talking primarily about a single product. This product is a protein powder, which team 1—the sales team—claims is ...

Industry Background

The company chosen to be the focus of the discussion in this paper is Arcelik AS. It is a publicly listed firm in Turkey, under the Istanbul Bourse (formerly the Istanbul Stock Exchange). For the industry, analysis, two industries will be focused on since Arcelik AS markets a wide range of products in more than 100 countries. Its two biggest departments would be the consumer electronics and home appliances department. The company is a known manufacturer or white goods or large electrical products. Some of the best examples would include refrigerators, washing machines, freezers, dishwashers, coffee makers, food processors, ...

The paper is commissioned to conduct a numerical evaluation of the intrinsic stock price of Royal Mail and comparing it with the offer price. As part of this analysis, we will be using Price Multiple Method and Discount Cash Flow Method to arrive at a conclusion.

Price- Multiple Method

Also known as the method of comparables, this equity valuation method values a stock based on the average price multiples of stock of similar companies. The economic rationale behind using this valuation method is the Law of One Price which asserts that two similar assets should sell at similar prices.
Henceforth, for this ...

Analysis Tools

Analysis Tools
The aim of this financial and analysis report is to evaluate the performance of Ford Motors as one of the companies enlisted in Fortunes 500.

Accounting for assets
The Ford’s net property is valued at a cost, less the accumulated impairments and depreciation. The company capitalizes new assets when the management expects to utilize such an asset for more than 12 months. The company also expenses the repair and maintenance costs as they occur. The cost of depreciation is calculated by the use of the straight-line approach over the approximated useful asset life. The straight-line method ...

Executive summary

The report is meant to select and analyse stocks to invest in among the FTSE 100 companies. This involves analysing the expected performance of the stock exchange and FTSE 100 companies for the next five years and the influence of the general economy on such. It analyses the past performance of three companies in different industries and predict their performances in the next five years. The report also applies the concepts of portfolio theory, diversification and risk-return trade-off to create a portfolio. Analysis of economic factors indicates that the LSE will experience growth in the next five years. The ...

Introduction

Capital structure management is a crucial aspect of effective cost control. That is because the structure determines a company’s cost, hence determining its performance and ability to create wealth for its shareholders. In that view, this analysis seeks to demonstrate how the structures influence companies’ performance as well as decision making. To achieve that, the analysis evaluates three companies in Hospitality industry. In that respect, this report begins with an overview of the companies’ debt structure and how it influences the companies’ cost of capital. That is followed by overview of how the companies’ long term financing polices as well ...

Section 1

Free cash flow calculation for Google can be done in three different ways. This will be a cash flow which will be available for all the investors of Google, its shareholders and also bondholders. It will be obtained after Google makes all its investments that are required to sustain the demands of its products. The second formula that will be applied for this case is the WACC. It will be calculated asWACC=SS+BrS+BS+BrB1-TC
Therefore, the WACC = $ 1255/ ($ 1255 + $ 1380) * 0.12 + $ 1380/ ($ 1255 + $ 1380) * 0.15 (1 – 0.35) = 0.055
The other method to obtain this value will be ...

Introduction:

The concern and financial objectives of the old lady can be met on the basis of a sound financial plan. The lady is investing her money in saving bank account but because of really low interest rates, she is now preferring her investment in ABC supermarket which she considers good for her portfolio.
Another consideration that cannot be overlooked is her concern for dividends as the lady relies on regular income. Thus my decision at then end will be based on sound financial considerations and objectives of the old lady where i shall be comapring current situation in supermarket industry ...

Computer Sciences Corporation

Outlook of the Industry
Information technology (IT) is one of the most important and authentic fields in the world, therefore it could be said that the entire industry is in great financial condition (Carpenter, Durtschi & Gaynor, 2011). There are number of companies in the world, specifically comes under the ambit of this industry in total. Company’s lies in the industry are enjoying high net income profitability of the company as a whole.
According to revenue, this industry was on the peak some years before and currently it is also on a higher scale as well. United States and ...

Corning Inc. operates in an evolving industry due to which the industry goes through rapid changes. As the industry is mainly driven by consumers’ demand, the spending trends of average consumers also plays a vital role.
The display technologies industry faced a problem of oversupply as the consumer demand did not grow as much as it was forecasted by the industry expert owing to which the companies operating in this industry had to reduce their capacity in accordance with the demand. They also had to decrease the prices considerably in order to sell the excess inventory.
The continues growing ...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Starbucks, a premium coffee house, is recognized as the leader in its category in many aspects such as marketing strategy, quality of services and most importantly from financial perspective. Exploring certain objectives of the financial perspectives has been adopted as the objective of this report.
Starbucks with listed symbol of SBUX on Nasdeq 100 is categorized within Specialty Eateries of the service sector on finance section of yahoo. Starbuck is the leader (on many aspects within its sector) mainly with respect to market capitalization of $. 38.01 Bn (88%) out of $. 43.0 Bn of the industry (Yahoo! b, 2012). The other ...

Halma is highly profitable and generates huge sums of cash. It is concerned with the manufacture and selling of products used in improving the value of existence and shielding lives for both business and individuals. Halma has three business sectors:

Health and analysis: protects the environment, improving people’s health both public and personal

Industrial safety: protection of people and business assets
Halma has managed to remain profitable and have a competitive advantage by operating in non-cyclical global markets. The markets they work in bar entry of competitors, and offer probability for sustainable, high returns and a strong long-term growth. The products made by Halma frequently satisfy demand created by safety, health, and environmental legislation. ...

Importance of Market Prices

Market prices are important as they reflect the market perception by the investors concerning the future prospects of the company. The market prices of stocks are affected by the economic conditions that are prevailing in the industry, the market perception and the events going in the company which are communicated in the media. The finance manager at times has to raise money in the market through the issue of shares. High market prices show that the company will be able to raise the targeted amount or even more when the people oversubscribe to the shares. It also shows that ...

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Strategic brand management refers to the evolution of brand characteristics that build authenticity, assurance and emotional bonds with customers that ultimately result in value creation and building of social interactions and behavior (Rosenbaum-Elliot et al., 2011).

Understanding customer problems and making efforts to solve those problems form the core of marketing strategy (Alexander, 2015).

Customers are swayed by social and behavioral impulses leading to purchases which either solve a problem or meet their unique need. For this discussion we will evaluate the strategic brand management of Nike. The ...

RESEARCH REPORT

INTRODUCTION
The French accounting had a long way of establishment and development. More so as France was a country with many colonies throughout the whole world. Despite the fact that the metropolis did not really want to develop thee colonies, as only their resources interested the French government, the French accounting system still had an immense influence on the development of the accounting systems in these countries.

French accounting found its origins under the reign of Louis XIV. The first mention and example of an accounting attempt was undertaken when the French wrote an official document named “Ordonnance”. The ...

Dat

Stock Research: Oneok Limited
About the company
Founded in the year 1906, ONEOK Inc. is a diversifed entity that is engaged in gathering, processing, storage and transportation of Natural Gas in the mid-continent areas of the United States. The company operates through natural gas gathering and processing, natural gas liquids and natural gas pipeline segment. The company is a mid-stream energy pure play company that owns 32% in Oneok Partners and thus, the effective control over the partner company and its cash The company is also one of the largest limited partnership involved with natural gas industry.

Oneok Limited is headquartered in Oklahoma and is listed on NYSE under the ticker symbol of ‘OKE’.

Alarming Financials
...

Executive Summary

The prevalent positioning has diverted the brand image of all the Daimler products to be luxurious in use and niche in pricing, in spite of the corporate brand aiming at building an image based on product quality, safety features, and services. In case of Daimler, the management of the corporate brand, the eventual positioning of the corporate identity (through integrated marketing communications), and the strategic association between the brand portfolio and corporate brand is managed under the Daimler’s brand architecture framework (Keller, 2009, p.251). The latest target for focusing the product and corporate branding for Mercedes comes in ...

Major Factors that Escalate the Costs of Healthcare with Emphasis on Frequent Admission

There are many things that can lead to the escalation of costs of healthcare. One of the most easily observable reasons would be the increase in number of patient admissions. Every time a patient pays a visit to a hospital or any medical institution, this patient incurs costs that would be billed to either him (i.e. out of pocket) or his health insurance provider. Among the total volume of patients paying a visit to medical institutions, only a small but still significant percentage has to be admitted. Usually, these are the cases where the patient has to be observed ...

Executive Summary 4

Introduction to Bovis Homes Group PLC (BVHMF) 5
Objectives of this Report 5
Methodology – Three-Year Financial Performance Analysis through Ratios 5
Liquidity Ratio Analysis 6
Current Ratio 6
Quick Ratio 7
Overall Liquidity Performance 8
Debt Management Analysis 8
Debt-to-Equity Ratio 8
Interest Coverage 9
Overall Debt Management Analysis 9
Analysis of Operating Efficiency 10
Receivable Turnover (in days) 10
Inventory Turnover (in days) 11
Fixed Asset Turnover (in times) 11
Overall Efficiency Management 12
Analysis of Profit Generation Capacity 12
Net Profit Margin 13
Return on Equity 13
Valuation Using Forecasted Dividend Growth Model 14
Investment Decision – Conclusion ...

Business Report: Fantastic Food

Introduction

Histogram
Median and Inter-quartile
Correlation Coefficient staff head and weekly customers
Staff health and Weekly Sales
Staff head and Profitability
“Fast Food Facts: Where We Are Now
Overview
The present presentation seeks to overview potential opportunity for Fantastic Fast Food to expand its customer base in the stronger market.
Therefore, findings from short survey are discussed to seek potential opportunities to expand its outlets, size, location and restaurant chain to enhance its overall performance.

Descriptive

The survey data was taken for 20 outlets located in different localities in United Kingdom.
The mean values show that the average staff headcount ...

Executive Summary

The report unearths the past five year financial performance of Walmart Inc. using the tool of ratio analysis. Our analysis indicated that over the years, the liquidity position of the company had been fairly stable and witnessed a surge during the latest year. However, the result were not appreciable when compared to the industrial averages. In terms of profitability and solvency, Walmart have shown promising trend with appreciable run both in comparison with the industry and at intra-company levels. As for the efficiency and market ratios, the trend again provided a mixed review, where miserable inventory turnover were offset ...

Using the following imaginary company data the differing effects using LIFO vis-à-vis FIFO will be shown and explained. Assume a physical count determined 20 units in ending inventory.
The first-in-first-out (FIFO) method assumes that the first units purchased are the first unit sold and to be expensed to cost of goods sold (COGS); therefore, the units remaining in ending inventory (EI) are comprised of the latest units to be purchased. The last-in-first-out (LIFO) method assumes the latest units purchased are the first units to be sold and to be expensed to COGS; therefore, the units remaining in EI ...

Part 2:

Introduction
The Capital Structure Propositions proposed by Nobel Laureates, Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller has a significant relevance even in the modern day financial theory. The propositions proposed by them are popularly known as MM Propositions which they proved under restrictive set of assumptions to counter the traditional approach of capital theory which states that there is always an optimum mix of capital structure for a firm that assists in attaining maximum value for it. The difference in the traditional approach and MM Propositions will be discussed in detail in the succeeding sections, while now we will explain the propositions ...

- What does ‘characterization’ mean in environmental planning law and what effect does s.106 of the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) have in relation to this? (300 Words)
In environmental planning law, “characterization” refers to a set of procedures used for formulating and determining applications for land use development. At its minimum interpretation, characterization with respect to the development is centrally concerned with the location and allocation of development about its characteristics on the land. In this minimalist interpretation, the role of characterization is to provide a framework within which efficient criteria for formulating and enforcing regulatory decisions ...

About the Report:

The report is based on financial and fundamental analysis of four leading supermarket companies, i.e. Wal-Mart, Sainsbury, TESCO Plc and Kroger. Important to note, that, the conclusion at the end will be based on the individual analysis of each company and not by comparing them.

Wal-Mart:

Wal-Mart is the most renowned supermarket chain in the world and is also the world’s largest corporation providing employment to over two million employees. Founded in the year 1962, the company is still run as a family business with Walton family holding over 50% share in Wal-Mart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises. The ...

E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company (NYSE Ticker: DD)
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company is a science and technology company operating worldwide. The company has several business segments: Electronics and Communications segment; Industrial Biosciences segment; Nutrition and Health segment; Performance Chemicals segment; Performance Materials segment; Safety and Protection segment and Pharmaceuticals segment.

The company had sufficient short term assets to meet its short term obligations in 2013. However the company lagged behind its peer companies in maintaining liquidity. Its average collection period was longer than its peer companies. So the company has to investment ...

International Accounting Standards

IAS 1 – Presentation of Financial Statements
Introduction to the IAS:
This is an international financial reporting standard which was adopted by the IASB(International Accounting Standards board).It refers to the skeleton and the way in which the financial statements are presented in order to reflect the proper view enabling analysis of information and decision making. The minimum requirements for the contents are well elaborated in this standard. This standards is therefore practically applicable to all financial statements based on the IFRSs (International Financial Reporting Standards).This standard was initially issued in the year 2007 by the ...

Executive Summary

The current report presents a number of strategic management strategies to the Australian federal government. In general, the report categorizes different ecosystem services and function provided by Murray-Darling basin into four major categories-production, habitat, information and regulating. Alongside this, the report indicates that in their efforts to provide ecosystem services and functions, industry stakeholders fail to allocate resources efficiently, more importantly, the report indicates that market failures results from nature of the market and the nature of goods and services produced and the nature of exchange used.
The market-based instruments (MBIs) refer to several regulations that government organizations use ...

International Finance

A floating currency refers to a system of currency valuation where by the exchange rate of a country’s currency depends on the supply and demand of that currency relative to foreign currencies. Floating rates of exchange usually vary freely because they are determined by trade activities in the forex market. A floating system of currency valuation is the complete opposite of the fixed rate of exchange. The fixed rate of exchange regime is where by the rate of exchanging the currency in relation to other foreign currencies is set at a constant rate.
Countries can either choose the fixed rate ...