Genetic Engineering Research Papers Samples For Students

This technology has been in existence for some time in science. Genetic engineering is the alteration of the genes of an organism to obtain an offspring whose genetic make-up is more superior to that of the parent organisms. In its crude form, it comprises of selective breeding that resulted in more productive cattle breeds, in the recent past. Genetic engineering utilizes modern techniques to improve an organism’s characteristics. These include deletion or change of the genes within an organism, transfer of genes, and construction of new genes. In crops and animals, genetic engineering is aimed at improving the ...

In 1997, the public have been shocked about the announcement of the successful mammal cloning. Dolly, the sheep, is the first to be cloned by Ian Wilmut and his co-workers by the process of transferring nuclear genome (Brock 1). There are issues that arise from the public about the morality and ethics of the research method and objective. They are afraid of what should the next thing that could happen after this technological advancement. On the other side, the scientific world have been fascinated and rejoiced about the announcement of Wilmut. There are many scientists that are excited of ...

Introduction

Human Engineering is an applied science that coordinates the design of systems, devices and the working conditions with the requirements and capacities of workers. It can also mean the alteration of human body cells in order to fight genetic and chronic diseases or to improve human intelligence, appearance, memory or some other desirable traits (Baylis & Jason, 24). In this context, human engineering is viewed from the context of genetic modifications of human cells. Genetists who conduct scientific research into human engineering and sports owners advocate for it while purists who advocate for the maintenance of the human species from ...

- What are GM foods?
Genetically modified foods are derived from genetic engineering of various organisms. Unlike mutagenesis which results in non-specific alterations of the DNA, genetic engineering results in precise changes to the DNA component in an organism.
The sale of GM foods commenced in 1994, and the first GM food to be sold was a tomato that was genetically engineered to ripen at a slower rate (International Food Council 125). Genetically modified foods are mainly derived from transgenic plants. These plants are derived from artificially inserting genes into them which alters their DNA composition. The inserted gene, ...

The term genetic enhancement, when used in scientific circles, means the use of genetic engineering skills to modify the characteristics of an individual that are non-pathological in nature. It has come to the fore in the last few decades, thanks to tremendous technological advancements that have been made as far as the human genome is concerned. Of particular importance is the completion of the human genome project which has, now than ever, made it very easy for the scientists to accurately describe the specific gene responsible for certain characteristics in an individual, be it ...

(Author)

Use of Restriction Enzymes in Pharmaceuticals
Restriction enzyme, which is also referred to as restriction endonuclease, is a class of enzyme that is helpful in cutting DNA at restriction sites. Restriction sites are particular recognition nucleotide sequences on double stranded DNA having the length of 4-5 base pairs. Restriction enzymes are also known deoxyribonucleases (DNases). Presently, there are four different types of restriction enzymes:
- Type I enzymes that are “classical” in nature, e.g. EcoKI, EcoBI, and EcoR124;
- Type II enzymes that are “orthodox” in nature, e.g. EcoRI, HindIII, EcoRV;
- Type III enzymes ...

Eugenics is usually a desire by the superior class of humans to create a society whose members are superior and have supernatural abilities. In the world of certain eugenics sections of the society who are considered defective and do not warrant to mix and interbreed. In an attempt to create a perfect society, the beliefs of the eugenicists took into consideration application of the theories of evolution in outrageous mannerism to thwart the influence of defective members of the society (Allen 314-25). In their quest, they supported the application of Darwin’s theories that projected survival only to the ...

Introduction

Human activity on the natural resources causes threats to the land sustainability either directly or indirectly. This paper examines soil erosion, genetically modified grains and overpopulation as the main threats to land sustainability.

Soil erosion and how it impacts the global food supply

Soil erosion is the washing away of the earth’s topsoil by agents such as wind and rainwater, and it occurs mainly due to human activities. Agriculture is the primary cause of soil erosion. When people clear natural vegetation to create framing fields, the topsoil is exposed to erosion agents such as the wind. Deforestation is also a leading contributor of soil erosion. As people cut ...

Over the past 10, 000 years, human race has developed under impetuous of applied genetics. Humankind is gaining increasing understanding in heredity variation among living things, the science of genetics. This raises various issues in terms of science and technology that spring from genetics, and potential impacts advancing from such inventions. These are the most progressing areas of the knowledge of humankind in today’s world. There has been genetic modification of plants to make them resilient, profitable and nutritious. This is achieved through genetic engineering, where organisms are manipulated to produce desired trait like drought tolerance or higher ...

The study of viruses to understand their ability to cause disease led to a recognition by scientists that viruses could be used to transport genetic material into cells (Thomas, Ehrhardt, and Kay, 2003). Viruses are a life form that injects its own genetic material into its host cell in order to hijack the cellular protein-making functions. By injecting the host cell with its own viral genetic material, the cell no longer makes proteins for its own functions and instead makes viruses. Commonly, the production of the virus causes the host cell to die and that cell death is a part of the ...

We see these days restaurants like Chipotle and grocery stores claiming to serve non-genetically modified foods. Are we eating artificial food? Is that good for our bodies? Is that good for the food that is being modified? These questions raise awareness for people who are oblivious of what GMOs are and how they are affecting our daily lives. GMOs may be more common in our diets than we know. GMO stands for Genetically modified organism and is a term that stems from biotechnology. It is the alteration of the genetic code of an organism to either enhance its properties, ...

Introduction

Engineering has been hand in hand with sports, however, this relationship has been overlooked by many individuals including the engineers as well as athletes themselves, however; the last two decades have shown that people are beginning to recognize the critical role played by engineering in the enhancement of the performance of sportsmen and women (Czyzewski, 2011). Athletic possess a very technical side which has a strong relationship with engineering that is analyzed can reveal a lot of aspects that can be enhanced through engineering. Engineering has made it possible to analyze athletes using computers in order to determine their skills and athleticism using ...

Globally, there sit eh concern about food security. This has been propagated by the current changes in climate and the environmental degradation which has been propagated by the global warming issues. The rainfall patterns have changed and the production patterns in different parts of the world have been negatively affected. As such, there has been the need to come up with ways of curbing the food insecurity and ensuring that the people are food secure. Scientists, agriculturalists and basically everyone else has taken a step towards ensuring that there is food security in the world. Various interventions have been suggested, ...

In generic sense of the term, a "genetically modified organism" is a living organism whose genome has been altered artificially. This understanding includes all the possible ways of modifying the genetic information, from crosses method for genetic engineering tools. From a legislative point of view, a large number of countries and organizations use a more restrictive definition in reference to that specified in the Cartagena Protocol, which means "living modified organism" "any organization living with a novel combination of genetic material. " However, this definition is not universally recognized. Some countries, including the United States, do not make this use ...

Science has permeated several aspects of people’s lives. Every little thing uses one scientific principle or the other. Therefore, science does not exist in a vacuum. This paper focuses on Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology as one area of science. Apart from exploring how DNA got discovered and how this technology can be applied in the real world, the paper also focuses on the influence philosophy has had on the contextual development of DNA technology. It will be worth noting that DNA technology is quickly taking center stage in various aspects of our lives. As with other modern advances, DNA ...

The full elimination of animal use in medical research may seem as unachievable to some individuals. However, while working with practical goals, the task is quite achievable. The aim of the practical goals lies within reducing the animal use in science laboratories by ensuring the improvement of the conditions within the laboratories where these animals are evaluated and tested. The solution for the animal use problem in medical research was established along a study in 1959 that presented three R`s. The R`s stand for replacing, reducing and redesigning. For replacing, it means that individuals in the practice of ...

(Author)

Genetically Modified Organisms
Introduction
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are those organisms in which genetic material is changed with the help of genetic engineering and other advanced techniques in laboratory. In GMOs, genomes are precisely changed at the molecular level with the help of techniques such as recombinant genetic technologies. In these organisms, genes from unrelated organisms are added to produce required characteristics, which are not easy to produce through traditional ways of selective breeding. Scientists have successfully modified many organisms including bacteria, yeasts, insects, plants, and mammals. Plants are among those GMOs that have faced much ...

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, first published in 1818, has come to have a profound effect on literature, on science and on popular culture. Shelley’s story of an over-ambitious scientist who dreams of discovering the secret of creating life and does so, but with disastrous and fatal consequences is, we might say, well-known, but little-read. Zwinkler (24) writes with wry amusement about an informal survey he conducted among his own sophomores: most of them knew the novel from hearsay and thought that ‘Frankenstein’ was the name of the monster! The students’ visual image of the monster was based on Boris ...

FREDERICK BANTING

Biography
Fredrick Banting took birth near Alliston, Ontario, Canada on Nov 19, 1891. He completed his schooling from Alliston, and went on to pursue a medical degree from Divinity College and graduated to become a doctor in 1916. In his urge to serve the country during the First World War, he joined Royal Canadian army Medical Corps. In 1941, Banting died in a plane crash .

Contribution

Banting assumed that if the hormonal secretions of Islets of Langerhans (a part of the pancreas) were extractable, it could act as a controlling agent for diabetes.Along with his assistant Charles Best, Banting started his experiments on dogs ...

Introduction

Genetically modified organisms also termed as GMOs have their genes altered by genetic engineering techniques. Over the past 10 years, many organisms have been genetically modified/altered for numerous purposes. Some of the micro-organisms that have been altered are yeast, bacteria, plants, fish, insects and mammals. GMOs form the base of genetically modified food and crops. GMOs have been utilized in scientific research for the betterment of human life. GMOs are known for their potential benefit to mankind in the fields of biotechnology, agriculture, healthcare and scientific research. (Phillips T. 2008)
GMOs are organisms whose genes are modified or ...

The World Health Organization defines genetically modified foods (GMO) as “organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally”. It involves technology often referred to as gene technology, modern biotechnology or genetic engineering. The process allows for selective transfer of genes from one organism to another. The transfer of genes can be done between organisms of the same species or of different species. Genetic engineering has been practiced for many years. We often hear of cases where a specific gene is selected from an animal or plant and introduced into a different organism ...

Introduction: A documentary film titled Genetic Roulette: The Gamble of Our Lives, declares GMO or Genetically Modified Organism food as the most dangerous threat that human beings are facing today. Likewise, a headline in Pravda newspaper criticizing the decision to broaden GMO agriculture in Russia, reads "Russians are proud to poison themselves with GM food from their own land" (Caplan, 2013). This is how notorious GMOs are known worldwide in this generation, and anti-GMO groups have been formed to get rid of them in the market. But how true is it that GMOs are killers when there are also advocates ...

Genetically modified foods come from organisms whose genetic properties have changed. The foods do not occur naturally. The genetic foods stem from plants in most cases but other foods are from genetically modified microorganisms and genetically modified animals. The genetically modified crops have resistance to plant diseases and a high tolerance to herbicides. The crops have high yields compared to the naturally existing plants. Another purpose of human-made genetic recombination in food is to reduce the time taken by the plant from the time of planting to harvest.
The use of the foods arising from this genetic combination is ...

Biotechnology has had a lot success in the world over, but with an equal measure of opposition that has continued to derail its full blown application in the food production. The application of biotechnology has found its way in the genetic modification to attain high productivity by organisms as well as resistance to diseases and pests that would have otherwise derailed its potential harvest from the farm. Genetic modification is called genetic engineering where a gene from one plant is transplanted from one crop/organism to another which would otherwise have not occurred naturally. This result in a genetically modified organism (GMO) and ...

Introduction

In order to fulfill the food demands of the fast growing population of the world, a faster process of producing crops with enhanced desirable traits has replaced the conventional production. Since conventional plant breeding is a time consuming affair, genetic engineering technology has been put to use for producing plants with enhanced amount of nutritional content and increased resistance to herbicides and pests. Though genetically modified or genetically engineered foods have certain benefits, in recent years a great many side effects of these foods have come to the forefront. In the wake of the health issues and environmental hazards caused by GM ...

Sometime back not so long ago, nothing much was known about genetic engineering or genetic manipulation except in the context of research laboratories. The opposite though can be said about evolution because it has been a subject that has received a huge coverage as people more especially scientists have wanted to prove the fact that evolution is real in an effort to curb other explanations that seek to bring forth the origin of life of different organisms (Reiss & Straughan1996). That said the two today have become a common currency from all circles including those who are in support of them as well ...

Abstract

Genetically modified organisms have large impact on our environment. Although there is not much proved evidence against it but still the amount of evidence available is enough to discuss it with its implications. GMO crops affect nearly crops by gene follow which could be minimized to some extant will the help of designing separate places for different crops. GMO also effect natural cycle of nitrogen and Carbone reproduction. GMO crops could be a risk in long time that it could alter some properties in human DNA. Steps should be taken by government and other organizations to minimize its effects to ...

Introduction

Key figures in the caliber of Ingo Potrykus have made alarming contributions in public health which have immensely impacted globalization and social change to the extent that remarkable shifts have occurred in the discipline both locally and in the international arena.

Major Contributions to Public Health

Ingo Potrykus is significantly known for developing the golden rice project which is exclusive to the production of provitamin A. Also Ingo Potrykhus was very influential in organizing funding for the project and teamed up with Peter Beyer in launching a $2.6 million venture.

Challenges of implementation

The first major challenge was identifying the target countries for the gold rice projects especially, ...

Key figures in the caliber of Ingo Potrykhus have made alarming contributions in public health which have immensely impacted globalization and social change to the extent that remarkable shifts have occurred in the discipline both locally and in the international arena.

Major Contributions to Public Health

Ingo Potrykhus is significantly known for developing the golden rice project which is exclusive to the production of provitamin A. Also Ingo Potrykhus was very influential in organizing funding for the project and teamed up with Peter Beyer in launching a $2.6 million venture.

Challenges of implementation

The first major challenge was identifying the target countries for the gold rice projects especially, ...