Mining Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

In the cyber age, the storage and retrieval of useful information is central to any organization, whether profit-oriented or nonprofit. Company processors store large volumes of raw data that need processing and classifying. Only useful data is worth retrieving. There is no better way to extract useful information from databases than by applying data mining that leaves unnecessary data untouched. The competitiveness of business environment necessitates the application of the most updates information retrieval techniques. Data mining may prove useful in market segmentation, fraud detection, customer churn, direct marketing, market basket analysis, interactive marketing, and trend analysis. The project ...

Just as any other country in the developed world, Canada is having an aging population. The aging population is because of two main factors. One of the factors concerns life expectancy that has increased. The other factor is because the baby boomers that were born from 1946 to 1965 are attaining the age of retirement and hence, going home with their skills. The lower rate of birth in the country has made the subsequent generations be lesser. One of the consequences of the population that seems to be aging is reduced growth rate in the labor force. Further, there ...

Corporate Social Responsibility and the Porgera Gold Mine

Introduction

More than often, many companies seek to maintain a high level of corporate social responsibility as a way of attaining sustainable growth for the future. More so, the companies who undertake corporate social responsibility acknowledge that their operations involve its employees and communities who surround its operations (Vallaster, Lindgreen & Maon, 2012. As a result, corporate social responsibility is viewed as a companies’ ability to incorporate its responsibility into the society it operates in as it seeks to develop appropriate approach towards economic, environmental and social problems'. It therefore remains relevant for businesses to assess the impact of the operations on the ...

Abstract

This discussion explains how through cloud computing, the process of data mining is facilitated. Through data mining, information that is potentially useful can be retrieved from raw data. People often face the need for targeted advertising, whereby data mining techniques give businesses greater efficiency, hence helping to lower costs. In the sector of cloud computing, data mining has become of great importance. The facilitation of data mining through cloud computing will enable users to obtain useful information viaa virtual warehouse of integrated data, helping to lower expenses of storage, technical staff, and purchase of infrastructure.
Key terms: Data ...

INTRODUCTION

Mongolia is located to the north of China and is said to host 10% of the world’s known coal reserves which is estimated to be equivalent to 162 billion tons. Coal export accounts for the largest chunk of total Mongolian gross domestic product (GDP) at roughly 22%. This is equal to approximately 80% of the county’s exports (Voroshilov 34). In the country, production and exportation of coal, specifically coking coal, is primarily undertaken by the Mongolian Mining Company (MMC). Coking coal refers to a type of coal that is absolutely essential to the process of steel production. ...

Mining Industry

Mining has played a very significant role in human life from prehistoric times to the present. Furthermore, various cultural eras were identified based on specific mineral extracts or their derivatives e.g. the Iron Age (1500 B.C.E. to 1780 C.E.). Mining, particularly, can be described as the process involved in the extraction of minerals from the earth including surface waters and wells. Mining industry is used to define various functions such as exploration, mineral separation, electrolytic reduction, smelting and refining processes. Various methods are used to describe mining process, these include; opencast, underground and fluid mining (Figge and Hahn, 2004).

Mining ...

The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous nation controlled by the United States of America’s government. It is located on the northeastern portion of Arizona, southeastern part of Utah, and northwestern part of New Mexico. Among all the Native American nations under the jurisdiction of the United States, the Navajo nation has one of the largest, if not the largest, land mass. One of the highlights in this native American tribal nation is the presence of public lands that possess natural sights such as the Ship rock that offers a spectacular view of a ship-shaped rock located in San Juan country, New ...

The Environmental Problem: Uranium Mining in the Navajo Nation

The Navajo Nation is a semi-autonomous nation under the jurisdiction and control of the United States’ Federal Government. It lies on the northeastern portion of Arizona; southeastern, South Eastern part of Utah, and northwestern part of New Mexico. Among all semi-autonomous nations under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Federal Government, the Navajo Nation remains to be the largest in terms of land mass and area. Due to the complex landscape of the Navajo Nation, a lot of potential economically relevant sites, both for tourism, mining, and even agricultural purposes have been identified. Natural sights such as the Ship Rock in San ...

Data Mining refers to an analytic process created to explore a large amount of data in search of steady pattern and the systematic association between variables, and then to authenticate the findings by employing the identified patterns to new subsections of data. Predictive data mining has the highest business applications and is a most common form of data mining. The process of data mining comprises three stages such as initial exploration, model building, and deployment [1].
Figure: Example of data mining process [2]

Importance of Data Mining Process Topic

The process of Data Mining is an exciting process because it provides crucial stages most organizations ...

Introduction

Industries in West Virginia have violated the state-issued permit of pollution by releasing toxic substances such as coal ash and selenium into the local water supply. In addition to the threat toxic substances like coal ash and selenium pose to the health of the community, toxic water destroys the environment and destabilizes the local ecosystem of the areas impacted by such pollution. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) was formed as a guidance tool to aid persons to know when it is environmentally secure to withdraw water from the stream. This judgment is built on percentages of yearly ...

Introduction

An estimate of 861 billion tons of coal deposits exist worldwide. According to the present rate of production, this amount can last for 112 yrs contrary to the oil and gas reserves that will last for fewer years approximately 45 to 54. Several countries in the world have coal reserves found in the biggest ones are China, Russia, USA and India. To prove recoverable reserves, engineers drill on the ground hence technically and economically extractable.
In contemporary times, reaching peak coal is questionable due to fall in the ratio of reserves to production. The point when there is ...

ABSTRACT:

It is essential to acknowledge the fundamental reality that face engineers when subjected to conflicting interests within their performance and in offering technical expertise. It is the duty of an engineer to uphold the well-being of the public health, safety, and the welfare during the course of execution of the professional duties. As outlined below, an engineer who commits to the decision of defending his recommendations will often be faced by the risk of losing their jobs and positions. However, we must acknowledge the fact that we would be refuting our professional obligations and responsibilities, as specified by the ...

As a mining country, the history of Bolivia has been quite long. During the Colonial period, the Spanish Empire had the good fortune of having huge amounts of silver because of the Cerro Ricco de Potosi mine where it was produced for more than 400 years (Fields). Although silver continued to be mined in Bolivia throughout the years, however, silver was also found along with it as well. At the hindmost part of the silver mining process during the Colonial period in Bolivia, vast amounts of tin were discarded as waste. Ever since then, thousands of Bolivians were forced by ...

Gold (chemical symbol Au and atomic number 79) is a shiny, dense, soft, ductile and malleable metal. In its pure state, gold is bright yellow in color with a luster considered traditionally and to date as attractive. It is an element of group 11of the periodic table under the transitional metals. Gold is among the least reactive chemical elements and does not oxidize in water or air. It therefore occurs as a free element in most cases in forms of grains or nuggets in rocks, in alluvial deposits, and in veins. Gold also occurs, though rarely, as gold compound e.g. with tellurium. ...

Landfill has for quite some time now been an economical and simple way for several countries to dispose of their waste materials. However, many things have changed over recent years and there is increased interest in landfill mining. Landfill sites are overstretched and exceeding their capacity at an alarming rate. Consequently, environmental awareness and safety concerns have taken center stage. Land mining refers to the excavation of old landfill sites and re-processing their contents. There are various explanations for this newly-profound interest that transcend the technological, economic and social dimensions of landfill mining. Landfill sites comprise of materials which ...

Introduction

The city of Vancouver is one of the single most strategic locations in British Columbia in Canada. In fact, Vancouver can easily be said to be a melting pot based on the fact that the population in the city is by far diversified to a greater extent. The population census of 2011 revealed that close to 51% of the population spoke a first language other than Canadian English. The concept of division of labor is an intrinsic subject in any given work environment. The Silver Wheaton Corporation is one of the biggest mining companies in Vancouver (Silver Wheaton Corporation, 2014). The corporation ...

Mining and exploration of natural gases has increased in the recent years. This can be partly attributed to modern science and technology that has helped researchers and scientists develop new ways to conduct mining in areas that were otherwise considered inaccessible. As a result, pollution of natural resources by the mining industry has increased sharply. However, government efforts to protect its citizens from these dangerous environmental hazards have lagged behind resulting in a population that is open to dangerous diseases caused by pollution.
Hydraulic fracturing is a process used widely and extensively in the mining of natural gases. First, hundreds of ...

Abstract

The process of taking business decisions is taking a more scientific approach with the increasing use of information obtained from hidden patterns in data. Data mining entails the process of extracting useful patterns from large datasets to guide decision taking.
The steps involved in the decision process include data selection, data cleaning, data mining and evaluation. Owing to the size of the dataset involved in the data mining process, algorithms that identify patterns have to be optimized.
A number of tools to make the process of decision support with data mining easier have been developed as the trend increases. ...

1. Introduction
In terms of business, leading a change refers to the development and management of any change on organizational level. It includes identifying the need for change, devising the ways to communicate with managers and workforce, and considerations relating to its implementation and monitoring (Elearn Limited (Great Britain), 2007; Smith et al., 2014; Pugh & Mayle, 2009).
This report is based on the analysis of change management practices utilized by the CEO of a coal mining company namely Patrick Dawson. The CEO has introduced a new appraisal system for its underground workforce based on the sample performance evaluation process ...

Research paper about Lithium

Introduction
Metal minerals are critical for the economic development and technological advancement. In the world, many minerals play an important part in easing and improving the development of new and advanced materials. Lithium mineral is an example of the mineral found in some various part of the world and is use in multiple applications in industries. This research paper majorly focuses on lithium production and manufacturing. It gives the brief history of mining and production of lithium, the countries, and companies that are well recognized for the mineral production. It also gives the industrial application of lithium. Furthermore, the ...

[Class Title]

Introduction
Despite the call for increased environmental awareness, most people remain unaffected by environmental concerns. Although it is an accepted fact that the environment is everyone’s concern, most individuals and organizations take their social responsibility to nature for granted. Most environmental programs are not taken seriously. For instance, most people knew that throwing litter could adversely affect the environment yet evidence show that this awareness is of no effect or is taken for granted. Cigarette butts, for example, still constitute the largest percentage of street litter, which according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is ...

Introduction

When the Commonwealth of Australia was declared, it was heralded that this move would usher in a new era of prosperity, especially for the inhabitants of the expansive country. While this was welcomed by some nationals, especially those of British origin, the Aborigines were not excited all the same. This is because the declaration of the Commonwealth of Australia ushered in an era of racial oppression and dispossession, from an Aborigine perspective. Unlike other colonial territories under British rule, for instance Canada and New Zealand where land treaties were signed before their land was taken for colonial occupation, the occupation ...

How Fossil Fuels Shaped America and Its Environment

Since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the United States in mid 18th century, large amounts of fossil fuels were used to provide energy to the industries in the economy and ultimately influenced the wealth of numerous individuals in America. During the American industrial revolutions, fossil fuels were the ideal source of energy that drove the rapid growth of industries in America. Steam locomotives, that were the archetypal machine invention of the industrial revolution, utilized coal energy for the lack of sustainability while using charcoal and firewood energy. Since the beginnings of the industrialization in 19th century, petroleum ...

Landfill mining and excavation is a process involving processing and excavation of previously landfilled solid wastes. Processing involves a cycle of mechanical processing operations that are premeditated to recover recyclable materials, landfill space, soil and a combustible fraction. Equipment used in landfill mining and excavation are screens, excavators, and conveyors. Therefore, landfill mining uses conventional soil excavating and processing techniques. The process used by landfill has six phases; excavate and separate landfill material into the soil, combustible and residual materials, recyclables, remove and disposal of wastes, remediate soil, refill to bring the intended site to reline or grade, and monitor after completion ...

The mining group gold process contains the following basic processes. The first basic process is determination of the purpose of the proceedings, session or meeting. This entails the process of outlining the objectives and laying down the aims of the meeting prior to allocation of duties and responsibilities to be observed during the meeting. This step lays the foundation for the next step which is concerned with the desired outcomes of the proceeding, meeting or session. This second step is majorly concerned with the foreseeable results and expectations of all the stake holders of the meeting. The desired outcomes, ...

Externality is a situation in which the activity of one entity affects the welfare of another entity in a way that is outside the existing market (Rosen, 2005, p. 47). Simply put, externalities are the costs or benefits that arise from market transactions which are not reflected in prices. And when we speak of negative externalities, obviously, these are costs to third parties (other than the producer and consumer). Why is there negative externality? I learnt from Economics that under a competitive system, the market price of a good takes into account both the negative and positive effects of using the good. However, ...

Summary

World per capita consumption of fish has steadily been on the rise from 9.9kg in 42 years ago to 16.4kg 7 years ago. This trend is in accordance with food consumption in generally, as there has been an increase in the average global supply of calorie per individual proportional to the quantity of proteins per person. Despite this, there are a high proportion of undernourished people in some regions including sub Saharan Africa, Asia and the pacific. Consumption is highest in Asia, accounting for 66% while only 8.3kg per capita is recorded for Africa, being the lowest figure. In developing ...

INTERNATIONAL TRADE LEGAL ISSUES

These agreements are about opening up new markets for Canadian businesses. The Canadian government has a commitment to creating the most desired and favorable conditions for businesses within Canada to compete internationally. These include two major agreements such as free trade agreements (FTAs) and also the foreign investment promotion and protection agreements (FIPAs) involving Canada and her trading partners for the creation of new business opportunities for the Canadian enterprises. In the case of FTAs, the agreement is in force between Canada and more than other fifteen countries that offers a competitive advantage ranging across various sectors. FIPA, on ...

Military reluctance towards the report implementation

Military branches have shown reluctance due the feasibility of the report DSB proposed for implementations. The report is very illustrative on the solutions but there are the loopholes the report possesses. Historically the military have trained for the incidents where there is an immediate response to the crisis at hand. The implementation of the report means new methods of the tackling shortages of energy supplies among others. Most of the military equipment is old. The systems that were made earlier are old but still used in the running of the business of the military.
The military is overwhelmed ...

I/We have been assigned one of the most expensive metals, Platinum. It has widely application in dental implants, automotive catalytic converters (Rao & Reddi, 2000), biomedical implants such as catheters, stents, cardiac implants (Cowley & Woodward, 2011), manufacturing of optical glass, manufacturing of fuel cells (McDonald & Hunt, 1982) and jewelry.

Platinum ore deposits

Platinum ore contains palladium, iridium, rhodium, osmium and ruthenium, along with platinum. Platinum ore forms a) Placer deposits: Placer deposits are formed by water-based erosion of sedimentary rocks containing the ore (Example. Ural-Alaskan type). b) Layered igneous lode deposits: Such deposits are emplaced on stable cratons. Examples: South Africa as the Bushveld Complex, ...

Stakeholder Analysis of Jaffrey Mines in Canada

According to Payton, (2011), the Canadian asbestos Industry is a $90 million industry and therefore there is a high chance of livelihood of many people being taken away if the industry is shut down because of health concerns of Asbestos. The product has been proved to be a serious carcinogen forcing the Federal government to ban its use in the country but not in exporting to poorer nations such as India, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. Jaffrey Mines, the world’s largest Asbestos mine filled for bankruptcy in 2002 and is therefore in need of financing from the government. This paper will provide a ...

Environmental laws and regulations are framed to protect the air, land and water environment as well as human health from adverse impacts of industrial or commercial activities. All capital ventures are aimed towards increased production and associated profits, while the surrounding environment is taken for granted. Results of such environmental devaluations are great disasters that lead to severe capital and human loss. Four different disasters that resulted from violation of major environmental laws or led to the development of new regulations are discussed below in detail.

Love Canal

Hooker Chemical Company acquired an aborted canal project area near Niagara Falls called ...

Introduction

Teck is a mining company that focuses on mining zinc, copper, energy, and steelmaking coal. Aside from their operations in Canada, Teck also operates in Peru, Chile, and the United States (Teck, n.d.). Furthermore, the goal of this paper is to determine if there have been issues with the safety performance of Teck and the measures Teck did to overcome safety issues.

Body

Teck is said to be a company devoted to the responsible development of their products, and likewise to the safety of their employees and the environment. Teck had also received multiple awards and recognition for its dedication ...

Introduction

The depletion of fossil fuels and the increased levels of vehicular that are being expressed across the world made the automobile companies to look for alternatives to the conventional internal combustible engines that run on petrol and diesel. One of the most important inventions in the field of automobile history is the hybrid engine technology. Hybrid cars combine the conventional petrol powered engines with the electric motors. A small petrol engine that is fit inside a hybrid car operates a dynamo that produces electricity (Barett nd). The electricity that produced will be in turn utilized for running the electric motor which ...

Abstract

This paper analyzes different studies made by researchers in order to identify economic, environmental and political aspects of fracking and provides explanations on how fracking could be both advantageous and disadvantageous to the United States of America. Most of researchers argue that fracking activities have a negative effect on our environment and public health. For example, researchers from the Colorado School of Public Health and Brown University have found that the babies born near gas wells were 30 percent more likely to have congenital heart defects and oral clefts. In economic terms fracking is beneficial for our country as the ...

Mining Techniques

Ismail Alaqta
[Assignment]
[University/Department]
[University Location]

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Because electronic health record systems facilitate physicians in creating reports about medical examinations since birth, the medical history size of patients increases. However, not all content of a patient’s medical history is crucial information for medical users to find out. Furthermore, every single patient report needs to be read in order to validate that a patient is fine with medications or any medical procedures. This process might require aperiod of time to clarify whether the medical user can give special medications or conduct a procedure during an emergency. To reduce ...

Background of Study

Quarrying is a part of the mining industry that focuses on providing some basic and vital elements for building and civil engineering works throughout modern nations. Unlike other aspects of mining, quarrying involves a close connection to the wider society since builders of all categories in a given region of a nation will need materials from quarries to complete their work. Most other mining activities are restricted to a few specialized activities that often lead to output which is sold to specific entities that market the products. However, quarries are opened to almost every contractor in a given nation. ...

(Teacher)

Sinkholes are a problem across the globe, especially in urban areas. Sinkholes can cause damage to roads, collapse structures, and destroy property. The biggest way to prevent a sink hole is to learn what factors are included in the formation a sinkhole is, how a sinkhole forms, and wheatther or not the sinkhole was naturally formed or if humans created the situation that caused the sinkhole in the first place. While it is not possible to actually prevent natural sinkholes, there are several ways that sinkholes which are created from human activity may be prevented, or at least ...

The term First Nations People is used to describe the indigenous tribes of Canada. It encompasses the First Nations but does not encompass the Inuit and the Metis tribes. The term Aborigines is often used to describe this group as well. These people are known for their land-keeping practices. The Aboriginal description entails the collective tribes that include the First Nations, the Inuit, and the Metis. The First Nations has been singled out as one of the most populated groups with a staggering population of 958,000 people. The term Aboriginal people denotes the original people that occupied the ...

Effects of Cote d'Lvoire and Globalization

The effects of the Globalization phenomena can be felt all around the world. Globalization is interaction and subsequent integration of people, countries and organizations driven by information technology infrastructure and aimed at bolstering international trade and cooperation on common issues. Without denying the innumerable good it has done to the nations of the world, even to Cote d'Lvoire, there is no disputing that there has been allot of harm brought upon this nation. In this manuscript, it shall be revealed that globalization has not been good for the people of my country.

The History of Cote d'Lvoire

Pre-colonial History
There is little information in ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or else known as chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD, is a form of obstructive lung disease categorized by persistently reduced airflow and it is typical for this situation to get worse over the years. The key symptoms comprise of shortness of breath, cough, and mucus making . It is not uncommon for individuals with bronchitis to show symptoms of COPD . Smoking is considered one of the main factors in causing COPD along with other important causes including air pollution and genetics. Nowadays, and especially in Third World Countries, insufficient cooking and ways of heating are a key ...

Abstract

Barnes and Noble has maintained its performance through effective strategies and policies that have sustained its revenue yield and profitability. However, recent prevailing economic turmoil has led to significant challenges in their performance mandate. As such, the organization has been facing three main problems: increased costs of publishing books, stagnation in profitability and reduced customer awareness. The various challenges facing the organization have posed a daunting avenue for successful operations and sustenance of viability or survivability within the organization. Thus, with an aim of handling the challenges evident, it is significant that the organization incorporates three main solutions. The three ...

Introduction:

Iron (symbol Fe and atomic number 26) is a popular metal, which is used in a variety of applications. As it is abundantly available in the earth, it has been used in different forms since time immemorial. Today, iron ore extraction is a well defined and regulated process. However, there are many environmental and health hazards related to the metal and extraction. A critical analysis of the exact impacts can help in achieving an overall sustainable productivity from the element. With that end in mind, this paper deals with the characteristics of Iron; places where it is available; how it is extracted, ...

Whether or not the United States of America should venture into the deep sea oil drilling has been a subject of debate among citizens and leaders. It is a controversy that has caused quite a stir in the political waters of many nations across the world, especially the American states. The opposing parties have advanced various reasons in favor of their views. What brings about the confusion on whether or not to try the idea is the fact that the reasons put across by the opposing parties, are equally valid (Allen, 2009). They bear the same intensity of sense. Those against the ...

Introduction

Definition
Change is necessary for the survival of any organization. As time passes, technology advances, peoples’ attitudes and values change, laws and political control change, and there is the need for an organization to keep up with these changes as well. Change management is the way people deal with these changes. In an organization, change management includes the definition of the new norms, talking to the stakeholders about the design of specific changes, and planning and implementing the transition to a new business process or organizational structure (Xiongwei, 2009). Even though it is necessary for organizations to improve some ...

Introduction:

Famous for its 15th century Inca site, Machu Picchu, situated 2,430 meters above sea level and the ancient geoglyphs, The Nazca Lines, Peru is the star performer in the South American Continent of 2014. The latest report published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) described the macroeconomic performance of Peru as “exceptional”. Prominent and effective macroeconomic policies, determined structural reforms, increased foreign direct investments and diversified export basket have made Peru the most economically stable country in the continent ahead of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay, and the others.
It is also the faster-growing nation in the region. The ...

[Document title]
[Document subtitle]
Since 2000, Syria’s economy was being managed centrally. Supported by the IMF and the World Bank, the structural adjustment program was used by Syria. The five-year plan started in 2006 and ended in 2010. Changing the economic strategy to a liberal market led was the main purpose of the program.
The contents of the plan were based on five main purposes. 1. Respecting the human rights, 2. The rule of law, 3. Making sure the society participates in the political process, 4. Preparing the economy to a social market, 5. Making sure the ...

In a report issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, authorities argue that in the fiscal year of 2011 federal greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) “accounting guidance allowed agencies to use green power and renewable energy certificate (REC) purchases to reduce reported Scope 2 GHG emissions,” implying an acceptance to implement initiative efforts to employ such activities to other countries. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) international activities to work with other countries, in terms of increasing landfill gas projects for GHG reduction and power generation, has launched efforts in a series of press releases in announcing various correlated projects and partnerships. Such countries ...

Background of the Country

The republic of South Africa is a country in the continent of Africa located at the southern tip of the continent. It has a coastal strip that stretches along two world oceans, the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. The coastal strip is 2, 798 miles long. The country has a long history and economic success ranking among the best performing countries in the African continent. South Africa has three capital cities ranked according to the arms of the government (Beck, 2000). Pretoria is the executive capital, Bloemfontein the judicial capital and Cape Town the legislative capital. However, Johannesburg is the country’s ...

Asian immigrants were, for many years, the silent victims of American westward expansion. When Americans were expanding westward in pursuit of Manifest Destiny, they were not doing all the work themselves. Manifest Destiny was the widely-held belief by many Americans that America was destined to expand across the current-day United States. During the 1820s all the way through the 1860s, Americans from the east coast of the United States expanded across the United States, seeking a variety of different things-- some sought land, others new experiences or natural resources. Everyone who participated in the American westward expansion carried some kind ...

Internet Use Affected Privacy

Internet use refers to World Wide Web users, internet service providers (ISPs), and third parties (online social networking websites) who access, collect, store, utilize, and secure data/information . Whenever an individual or entity goes online, internet use starts. Internet use also means the intentional (or even unintentional) sharing and distribution of information that can lead to unintended consequences. For instance, in the event a cracker/hacker breaks into your computer to change, steal, destroy, or infect your data/information, your privacy is at risk. Your important personal data such as credit card details, exact physical address, and other private information can be used ...

Iron and Steel Overview

The demand for steel highly depends on both global and national economies. Development and enhancement of sophisticated technology has improved both quality of product and productivity of work. Integrated mills require very high capital requirements and all mils are greatly affected by commodity prices. Another major force and focus for steel and iron industry include environmental regulations, which check the environmental impacts coming from mills (L e e, 2011). Advancement in technology have greatly reduced the demand for labor, with some Canadian manufacturers reducing the number of man-hours required to produce a ton of steel by 90% over the last ...

Introduction

Water is a naturally occurring resource. Its importance cannot be emphasized any more than it already has over the past few years of the new millennia. This coupled with the changing climatic trends that result in the short-circuiting of the hydrological cycle, has brought water policies to the forefront of consideration of governments and international organizations. Like every other demographically limited resource, the availability of water is scarce and growing scarcer by the day. However, different regions have different priorities when regarding water resource management. This is brought about by the disparity in economic capacity that brings about the wide ...

Metallurgy

Definition of Metallurgy

Metallurgy is "the science and study of the behaviors and properties of metals” (Tom Bertone Consulting, 2012) and the procedures involved in the extraction of metal from ore. In particular, it deals with the properties of metals and alloys.
Metals are characterized as having the capability of conducting electricity and heat (“Metallurgy,” 2011). They are hard and are dense under room temperature. Alloys, on the other hand, are combinations of metals. An example of an alloy is steel, which is a combination of carbon and iron, although vanadium and chromium may also be added. Other examples ...

Introduction

Asbestos mining and its usage has been proven to result to premature deaths caused by asbestosis, mesothelioma, and related cancers to those who come close to the mineral (Calvert, 2008). This inference has led to many developed countries restricting, and some eliminating its use. However, Canada continues to support Asbestos mining and exportation as the industry is worth $ 97 million dollars (Mesothelioma Herald, 2010). The move to protect the industry has caused frustration for many occupational safety and health officers globally and at home. Asbestos is exported to developing countries such as India and Mexico who use it to ...

Introduction

Much recent publicity surrounding climate change has focused mostly on global warming, but little direct correlation has been given in the media with regard to the impacts that environmental pollution has on climate change, and also on human health. Although studies of pollution and the environment have been carried out since the time of the Industrial Revolution, it only relatively recently that attempts to measure environmental on a global scale have been undertaken. Environmental pollution is a major cause of global concern, not only for the effects that it has on the physical environments, but also for its potential ...

CHANGE MANAGEMENT

Introduction
“Change management is referred to as the process of initiating, implementing and controlling change in an organization” (Kneer, 2013, p. 3). Managing change is a unique task that requires a set of skills and procedures in order to ensure success through attaining a specific goal. The starting point of change is the definition of a problem that an organization may be experiencing at a given time. After a proper analysis of the issues at hand has been made then the management team develops and selects a workable strategy to solve the problem either existing or anticipated. “Human beings ...

Deforestation is the act of clearing the greenery and vegetation on Earth on a large scale. It occurs when trees and entire forests are cut down and cleared away for various purposes. This brings a lot of damage to the Earth’s surface, simultaneously creating environmental problems as well. Forests account for 30% of the Earth’s land, and they are an asset to the world’s ecosystem, however, much of this area is cleared away and vacated by mankind to serve their purposes. Although deforestation is done for needs such as housing, residence, mining, shopping and other means, ...

Oil and natural gas are the two primary types of fossil fuels that the world relies on for energy and also for various other products. Crude oil and gas are mined beneath the earth’s surface where they formed a long time ago. The products origin can be traced back to the remains of animals and plants that existed millions of years ago as marine life. The living materials die and sink to the sea floor where they pile on top of each other. The successful conversion of the remains into oil or gas is only possible if the ...

Introduction

Russia is a huge producer of oil and gas. It is the second largest producer and exporter of oil, and the largest producer and exporter of natural gas (Winfrey, 2010). Its economy largely depends on its oil and gas reserves. The funds acquired from its oil and gas reserves have greatly contributed to the survival of its political system. Boix (2004) argues that there are no examples of a successful transition to democracy in a country in which the contribution of the oil in the country’s export income is more than one third, and it seems to be alarming situation for ...