Trading Research Papers Samples For Students

High speed trading is the style of algorithmic trading. This trading uses complicated technological tools, mostly computers that are extremely powerful. These computers are programmed to perform commands at very high speeds and carry out numerous orders all at once (Seven Pillars Institute, 2014). This trading employs complex algorithms to analyze a number of markets carefully a number of markets. It then implements commands in relation to the prevailing market conditions. Those traders who are fastest in their speeds of execution earn more profits than the traders with low execution speeds.
High speed or frequency trading accounts for almost above ...

Insider Trading

Insider Trading

Investors Suffer from Insider Trading

Insider trading presents an adverse effect for the investors and the country at large. In this regard, it prevents the fair quantum of supply and demand for the stocks and contributes towards having an artificial increment in the stock prices, thus enticing innocent investors to buy the stocks at increased prices than that of their original value (Stefano, 2011). Consequently, soon after the purchasing of the stocks, it plunges in the market bringing about immense losses for the investors that in turn contributes to a significant dip in SENSEX value which finally weakens a country's entire economy ( ...

Over the years, neighboring countries have tried to form trading alliances with the aim of consolidating their ties and assist in exploitation of their potentials before they expand their operations to the rest of the world. As a result of the attempt, two or three countries come together to form a trading block. Trading blocks are highly influential as far as political and economic relations of member states are concerned. Some trading blocks are strongly influential within their regions of operations and beyond, in both political and economic aspects. For example, European Union which forms the largest trading block across the ...

International trade, be it bilateral, regional or global is a complex undertaking. The increased international integration, application of modern technology in trading, and increased competition are some of the key factors which have brought about significant changes in the international trade. The United States and Brazil have been close trading allies for many years. This makes trading between the two countries attractive and commended. However, there are some underlying factors including cultural influence, compliance requirements, and security requirements as well as the steps required to initiate import/export trade from United States, which should be put into perspective (Foreign Affairs and ...

Impact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility

Derivatives has been the talk of the financial world after it was accused as the primary reason for such a deep financial crisis that affected the global economy in 2007. Thus, the modelling of asset returns and judging the volatility of stock market and whether the derivatives have a substantial effect on stock market volatility, is still the key task for every finance professional as it provides much needed on risk patterns involved in investment process. The Finance Gurus propose that stock market normally exhibit high levels of price volatility and cause concerns to the investor regarding unpredictable outcomes, however with ...

Introduction

There have been many concerns about the level to which trade openness contributes to democratization in China. Over a long time, China has been pointed out as one of the countries that make efforts to block democratic activities. From the political leadership to businesses, an autocratic system of leadership has been dominant. However, recent studies indicate that the increased levels of activism, trade dealings with many democratic countries have contributed to democratization. This research paper outlines a broad range of literature works on trade and democracy in China. It will demonstrate the weaknesses and strengths of different literature works, ...

The exchange rates in the market are bilateral, that is, comparing the values of a currency against the other. However there is a need to compare a currency with that of several counties .Effective Exchange Rate refers to the index describing the strength of a county’s currency in reference to the basket with other currencies. Let’s assume a country has M trading partners denoted by Trade i and Ei representing the trade and the exchange rates with country i. The effective exchange rate will be calculated as:
E effective =E1Trade1Trade+. + EM TradeMTrade

The Effective exchange Rate is divided into two namely: The Nominal Effective Exchange Rate and The Real Effective Exchange Rate.

Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER):
This is the ...

One the definitions of law emanates from an instrumentalist view of the law. According this view, the law is regarded as an instrument used to serve a certain purpose. In other words, the law is a tool that is used to facilitate the attaining of certain objectives. When applied to a societal context, the instrumentalist view of law regards the law as an instrument that is used to attain and maintain order in a particular society. In any given society, there are many activities that take place. Where such activities are allowed to take place haphazardly and without regulation, then there is bound ...

Economic development is an essential goal that all the countries across the globe strive to achieve by adopting all the possible measures that aid in achieving this goal. To effectively maintain a continuous economic development in a country, government bodies adopt legal strategies that ensure a continuous flow of trading activities that in turn generate revenues not only for the involved businesses but also for the government as well. Free trade is one of the trading measures that most countries have enacted in an effort to promote free and frequent flow of trading products and services hence leading to improved and efficient ...

Introduction 3

1. The Impact of Globalization on Humanity 3
2. The Impact of Globalization on Business World 4
3. The Impact of Globalization on Environment 5
4. Discussion of WTO and Trading Blocks 7
5. Discussion of the Current Events in Eurozone 7

Conclusion 9

Introduction
The impact of globalization was discussed in many studies. Many authors asked oneself a question whether it is good or bad for humanity, business, and environment. However, the answers differ: some scholars argue that globalization makes positive impact on human lives and other aspect, others state that globalization is harmful. An answer ...

ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S ECONOMY

ABSTRACT
China still being a developing nation has witnessed quite difficulties in managing the economy. Due to the constantly rising challenges including high level of inequality, rapid urbanization along with demographic pressure related to aging of population and migration of labor, China has lost its competitiveness in the international market.
Even though, China has become the world’s largest exporter of goods and services, it still faces difficulties in managing the troublesome economy of the nation. The high level of trade deficit along with high credit requirements of both public and private sector has reduced the economy of ...

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background information

International Agricultural trade is the exchange of Agricultural goods and services between countries following an agreed policy guideline. This kind of trade gives rise to a world agricultural economy, in which prices of agricultural goods and services, or their supply and demand, are affected by global events. An Agricultural product that is sold to the international market is an export while an agricultural product which is bought from the international market is an import. The agricultural exports and Imports are financially explained in the country's current account in the balance of payments.
It ...

Examining competitive advantage

Introduction
Over the years, nations across the world have been trading together due to the fact that one nation cannot entirely depend on itself. It is from that theory that the international trade emerged. Nations have increasingly become interdependent as they try to balance between the exports and the imports in terms of goods and services. The theory of competitive advantage has made the world market produce quality goods and services at a reduced price. More technological advancements has also made the world markets to advance, this has led to the emergence of open trade in which a business ...

The beginning of Stock market in America.

Trading in the stock exchange markets has a definite origin. Ideally, the American Stock Exchange represented by the acronym (AMEX). Historically, the trading in the stock market commenced in the 1800s periods. This transition was referred to as the curb exchange. Historically, the origin shows that the stock exchange in the United States was established with the intention to develop a stable economic power. This was the primary disquiet of the United States economic stimulus policy. According to the historical records, this occurred during the times of Alexander Hamilton, the first secretary of the treasury at that time. This executive secretary ...

1. Reason for the Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Agency plays an important role in providing regulations which govern securities market functioning as well as protecting investors’ welfare in these markets. Nevertheless, this agency monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. In general, Securities and Exchange Commission is the U.S overall agency whose main agenda is to enforce laws and regulations related to federal securities, stock and options exchanges. This agency was established by the congress in 1934 following the crash of the stock market crash which saw the American economy decline in 1929 (Graham, 1993). Following its ...

1. Reason for the Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Agency plays an important role in providing regulations which govern securities market functioning as well as protecting investors’ welfare in these markets. Nevertheless, this agency monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. In general, Securities and Exchange Commission is the U.S overall agency whose main agenda is to enforce laws and regulations related to federal securities, stock and options exchanges. This agency was established by the congress in 1934 following the crash of the stock market crash which saw the American economy decline in 1929 (Graham, 1993). Following its ...

In this paper I will argue that keeping good chemical industry partnership with Sweden will benefit the world for years to come. Therefore further analyses and estimation of Intra-industry trade (IIT) share will be carried out from this perspective. Swedish trade flows for “Miscellaneous chemical products” group have a code of 598 according to SITC (Standard International Trade Classification) given on www.scb.se and 38 according to Harmonized System Codes Classification (Appendix A). In order to see how big the share of Swedish intra-industry trade is and what is the impact of it on the major world partners, we will use ...

The Songhai Empire was a major force in the west territory for nearly a millennium. The Songhai Empire developed from a small kingdom that existed in the Gao region. Sonny Ali was the creator of the Empire​​ and also the one who expanded the borders of the state. The welfare of the ancient Songhai Empire was based on customs fees with the caravan trade. The empire drove gold, copper, salt and slaves across the Sahara. Caravan routes transported ivory, kola nuts, ostrich feathers, leather and some luxuries. The Songhai Empire proved to be a very strong trading kingdom, known for its production of practical ...

Introduction

Singapore is one of the upcoming business hubs in the Asian market and continues to grow and expand in equal measures. The country is located on the southern part of the Malay Peninsula in Asia. The country has instituted various laws that seek to expand the business and protect its industry from other external markets and economies (CCH Asia Limited, 1971). The restraint of trade in Singapore has affected its local and international business organizations. Some trade laws restraint employees from joining competitors where they affect employment contracts signed by the employee for the duration of time he/she works ...

Abstract

The term business can be used to refer to an activity that done that is profitable and viable. Business involves trading between two or more parties where an agreed price is determined. Trading can take the form of two countries that exchange goods and services through a given system. Singapore has emerged as a business hub due to various factors that facilitate proper business practice between the country and other nations. Trading is an inevitable activity in the community we live nowadays as it facilitates movement of goods and products from one area to another. Business on the global scale has ...

Market Research

Technical Analysis
The combination of strategic trading complexities along with a wider parameter range is likely to generate profitable strategies, particularly over the last four days of the sampled data set ending in January 28. The tested sample, produce a rate of compounded percentage of return from 274% to 572% considering that the market only have a standard yield of 90%. This encompasses a trading system that relies on the encompassing rules in which the long moving average appears to be higher than the 31 days based on the sample. The test determines that the long and short positions strongly coincides with ...

INVESTMENT ANALYSIS: ACTIVELY MANAGED PORTFOLIO

Unlike the passively managed portfolio, the actively managed portfolio relies on the theoretical basis that the market is not perfectly efficient. This inefficiency allows an investor to outperform the market by utilizing a certain skill or strategy. An active portfolio management usually requires short term, frequent trading, which could potentially result in large trading costs for the investor. Taking this into account, the task was to make a strategy as accurate as possible to cover the large trading cost and make profit. In building an actively managed portfolio, the selected strategy was stock picking. The reason for selection of ...

Introduction

History of Enron is a story that started very well. It was a real business with a tremendous reputation. It had created a market for trading. The best people worked there. Enron Corporation was a giant of American energy industry. Prior to its bankruptcy December 2, 2001, Enron had about 22 000 employees and was one of the world’s important manufacturer of electricity, natural gas, communications, and the owner of the pulp and paper companies, with revenues of nearly $101 billion in 2000. In general, who does not hear about Enron? It is the most scandalous president deception with huge number of shareholders ...

Trade was one of the most common activities that were done in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Many traders during this time travelled for many miles by the sea to obtain good from distant places for sale in their land. Trade was considered as key to prosperity as merchants used all they had in their powers to ensure that they got the goods and products they wanted to sale in their home countries. Consequently, multiples of trading companies sprout up to get the best from trading. India was one of the leading places that many traders endeavored to enter. ...

Regional Analysis

According to De Lombaerde and Van Langenhove (2007), regional integration is a scheme that connects states to foster interaction between their local and regional components to form an organization that conforms into a state-led organization. Regional integration also pertains to the joining of various states within the region to create a larger entity. The success of regional integration depends on the state’s willingness and loyalty to the regional group, sharing their sovereignty and openness in accepting policies that would require them to open their sovereignty. Integration deeper than the average connection is noted to be very difficult if it pertains to ...

Korea was bisected at the end of the Second World War, as a response to the differing political climates which each half of the peninsula espoused – North Korea preferred the communism of the Soviet Union, while South Korea was more in line with the policies and politics espoused by the west, the U.S. in particular. During the early fifties, hostilities between the two halves of the country reached breaking point, and the Korean War broke out, with the People’s Democratic Republic of Korea attempting to reunify the country by conquering South Korea, and the American army attempting to ...

Question One: Insider Trading

For the longest time possible, the concept of insider trading in business has been considered unfair, inequitable and against the spirit of fair competition in business. Insider trading is opposed for the simple reason that it does not afford all players in the market all the requisite information used in arriving at decisions as to whether to invest or not. Two critical arguments are availed against insider trading. These are the property rights and the fairness principle. This paper shall discuss the two arguments in much detail.

It is argued that insider trading dispenses with the principle of fairness ...

Introduction

Malaysia is a nation positioned in the South East of Asia. The country practices a federal constitutional monarchical system, with control of 13 states. The nation lies in a space of 127, 350km2 with Kuala Lumbar as the capital city. The country shares land and maritime on both ends with the neighboring nations such as Thailand to the East and Singapore to the West. This essay seeks to examine the political, economic, social structure in relation to doing of business in Malaysia.

Political system, governance and Religion

As a point of departure, the political milieu of this nation has been relatively stable and this is immensely attributed to ...

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

- Trade history of Saudi Arabia:
The coastal people of Saudi Arabia have been well positioned from the trade due to the benefit of Arabian Peninsula. KSA is an old route of the caravan trade that connects the Mediterranean world with south Asia, Arabia, and East Asia (Encyclopedia Britannica). The trade in Saudi Arabia was generated by pilgrims that came to Medina and Makah. In 1938, with the discovery of oil country started trading with other and after World War 2 through the exports of oil reserves country was able to have higher funds (Saudi Embassy, 1-7).
...

Gross Domestic Product per Capita

This economic term refers to the overall national output of a country divided by the total number of people in the country. This is expressed in US dollars for every person for the year for which the data used is published. The gross national product per capita of Egypt has increased exponentially over the years since 1990. The graph below shows the data for gross domestic product per capita since the year 2004.

Economic growth

The economic growth of a country is measured through the consideration of many factors. The economy of a country also takes many forms inspired by the ideals of political ...

Executive Summary

Ireland has been one of the lucrative places to start a business enterprise as a result of its favorable environment, which is necessary and favorable for business to thrive well. This paper basically evaluates the factors that have precipitated the emergence of Ireland as one of the appropriate places to carry out. Further, the study will entail on the factors, which have made Ireland promising places for business opportunity. The competitiveness of a business to thrive in a country depends on various environments such as the legal environment, the market, political environment, cultural environment, economic environment. These factors in regard to Ireland will ...

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU)

Trading blocs are imperative for the purpose of opening markets and boosting economic growth. Most of regions in the world have come together for the purpose of addressing issues of increasing trade. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) forms quite an Integral part in the history of Mexico, Canada and United States. The government of United States, Canada and Mexico signed the agreement which led to the creation of trilateral trade in the region of North America. The agreement was implemented on January 1st 1994. The agreement was supposed to assist the three countries develop their economic interests ...

Before the United States came to be the most powerful international actor and country in the globe, it was first known as a colony for the rapidly increasing British Monarchy. The Americas became the new home for a million people, comprising the thirteen colonies that would become the foundation of the United State. Even if the British or English government had control over the North America after the 1973 French and Indian War, they had to spread its wealth to various areas to ensure that the mainland could continue thriving despite the huge losses it has gained from the war. The ...

The US-China diplomatic relations have been strained for long periods. However, the critical issue affecting the two countries is the South China Sea dispute. According to analysis of commentaries from various authors both from the Chinese front and from the U.S front, this is the only dispute between the two countries with the potential of making militarization of dispute between the two powers inevitable. Several reasons have been advanced by commentators on this issue of South China Sea dispute. From the Chinese perspective, it has been an issue for the United States in an area where it is not ...

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to critically appraise and evaluate whether the directors are abusing their powers and privileges based on existing laws. The study will also show whether the key duties imposed on directors by statutes as interpreted by the judiciary are being fulfilled. The article gives a detailed analysis of the duties of directors and determines the instances when they had exceeded the authority granted to them by the company, laws and statutes. Directors exercise potentially a broad range of powers in managing the company business and there are instances when they may be held personally ...

Chicago Mercantile Exchange Group (CME) offers one of the world’s largest and most diverse platforms for futures and options exchange. Also known as ‘Chicago Merc’ or ‘The Merc’, it annually deals with 3 billion contracts on average, estimated to be worth $1 quadrillion. In 2007 CME had its primary stock listed on NASDAQ with the ticker symbol ‘CME’. The company’s current market capitalization level stands at $23.07 billion, signifying its gigantic status in the financial world (YCharts). The company is providing its member with an opportunity of risk management. CME offers these hedgers to shield themselves against ...

IPO Markets: Global Prospective

Introduction
IPO markets across; Brazil, Chile, Argentina and Venezuela seems to be on the growing trend. More and more companies seem to be trading their securities in the national markets. Most of them are moving towards making or rather raising huge capital base for their own companies. Brail has witnessed a positive trend in the IPO segment. Given the fact that Brail will be hosting 2014 world cup and 2016 Olympic Games; most of the company owners understand the need of expanding their businesses in order to accommodate this population. The hotel as well as the hospitality sector have ...

Answer 1

International law refers to the binding set of rules that govern the relationship between different nations in the world. The primary legal categories in which international laws are accepted by most nations include international economic law, international criminal law, international security law, International human rights, Diplomatic law, international environmental law and international humanitarian law. These substantive fields are rooted in the acceptance by the countries where the system is constituted.
International economic law is a primary category of international law that defines how sovereign states conducts themselves in relation to international economic relations. It also encompasses the conduct of ...

A brief review

Insider threat
Introduction
An insider threat is a threat faced by an organization, attributed to its own people. This could be an employee, a former employee, a business associate or contractors who are familiar with the organization’s security practices and its work processes involving data handling and computers. Although the occurrence of ‘insider threat’ incidents is significantly low when compared to hacking attempts, these are more destructive for businesses. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the cyber crimes against businesses in 2008 were only 11%, but it constituted about 52% of the losses suffered by the businesses. Another ...

The purpose of this research paper is to determine what the term neo liberalism means and the impact of neo liberalism in the modern day political economic and social agenda. This paper will assess the impact of neo liberalism in the United States of America as well as in any other country where global capitalism is in effect. It will provide an account of neo liberalism as a set of concepts and principles. The paper will seek explain how the various sets of principle that are part and parcel of the neo liberalism are being implemented by governments. It will ...

In the year 1948, the Republic of China was among the 23 signatory countries of the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT). This happened following an announcement by Taiwan’s government that the Republic of China could quit the GATT. It was after China’s revolution of 1949. However, Beijing never recognized such an announcement that its government was quitting the system. After 40 years, in 1986 the Republic of China showed an intention through a notification to GATT, that it was ready to resume its position as GATT’s system Contracting Party. As a result, an examining party was ...

Investment Report

Background
In this section, a brief overview of my personal experience in this field of investment and the personal risk tolerance that comes up together with the objectives and the goals will be touched a little bit. No one can dispute my experience because I was able to manage a good portfolio successfully in the Saudi market regarding investments in stock and this has empowered me skillfully (Dunning, John H 30). The abilities gained and all the tricks learned shall be applied by me in the successful investment in the stock market field. The major aim of all these ...

Introduction

The Berlin Conference of 1884 to 1885 which is also referred to as the Congo Conference signified a powerful role in the regulation of European colonization as well as free trade in parts of Africa during the period of neo-imperialism. One of the outward goals of the conference was to implement regulations on the rampant colonization of Africa in order to prevent the military conflict between the colonizing states. It is to be noted that colonial powers went into what historians coined as the ‘Scramble for Africa’, where they decided to invade, occupy, divide and colonize the different parts ...

For the past few decades, there has been an increase in natural calamities that have been as a result of human activities. An increase in the overall atmospheric temperatures, rising sea levels, melting glaciers, mass extinction of entire species, flash floods and fluctuating weather patterns have become a common occurrence. Scientists raised alarm over this issue and slowly global warming has become a stark reality and imminent threat to the survival of humanity in years to come (Oreskes, 2004). With this in mind, there have been several global meetings aimed at charting the way forward and coming up with ...

Rome brought light to the darkest and the most barbaric places of the world, and if and when it did, these were areas that posed value to the strategic interests of the empire rather than be regions that needed civilizing. Britain was the island whose unique geography allowed founding a city serving the imperial interests well. Its conquest improved the image of the empire as a formidable force to reckon with and enhanced the reputation of the emperor. Furthermore, the introduction of religious and cultural buildings into Londinium served the ideological purpose of exposing the new subjects to the ...

INTERNATIONAL TRADE LEGAL ISSUES

These agreements are about opening up new markets for Canadian businesses. The Canadian government has a commitment to creating the most desired and favorable conditions for businesses within Canada to compete internationally. These include two major agreements such as free trade agreements (FTAs) and also the foreign investment promotion and protection agreements (FIPAs) involving Canada and her trading partners for the creation of new business opportunities for the Canadian enterprises. In the case of FTAs, the agreement is in force between Canada and more than other fifteen countries that offers a competitive advantage ranging across various sectors. FIPA, on ...

Introduction

The Bernie Madoff scandal was a Ponzi scheme involving Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC. The company was a Wall Street investment firm that was founded by Bernie Madoff himself. This scandal is considered the largest Ponzi scheme ever that ended up costing investors $64.8 billion. The main people involved were Bernie Madoff, his accountant David Friehling, and Frank DiPascalli. The three were responsible for paying investors with the investors own money rather than the profits. Madoff ended up telling his sons about the scandal. They reported him to the authorities and Madoff was arrested the next day. Madoff ...

Introduction

In this research paper, concept of Division of labor by Adam Smith is critically evaluated. The concept itself is briefed clearly and precisely. Complex dimensions of Division of labor are seen in detail with including the drawbacks. Real implications in the today’s world are also seen with having examples of institutes and countries where the concept of specialization is applied. There are several benefits related to division of labor or specializations are included in this paper along with the proposed benefits from the author of concept Adam Smith himself. At the end, evaluation of two countries, Germany and ...

Major Factors that have led to its Economic Success and Decline

The United Kingdom economy has experienced major changes in the past few decades, which has shifted the factors of economic growth from physical factors such as machinery and manual labor among others to an economy driven by ideas, skills and knowledge. This can be adopted to provide an explanation of the significant growth of the financial services while the manufacturing sectors have also experienced a significant decline. The UK economy is currently driven significantly by the business services sector, which comprise lawyers, specialists, consultants and estate agents. Therefore, the knowledge based industries comprise the most important group in the UK ...

Introduction Begun with the cathedral complex at Pisa and expanded upon in the Basilica of San Marco in Venice, Italian architects of the 11th century were not only able to glorify their own Christian God and saints, but also asserted their dominance over eastern ‘heretics’ through the adaptation and outright theft of eastern architectural influences. These influences can be seen in everything from the bulbous form of the domes to the minor adornments of the cathedrals. The earliest Italian architects were priest and monks who used skilled craftsmen to carry out their ideas of communal Christian living. Italian buildings ...

Harappa is one of the biggest archaeological discoveries amongst the Indus Valley civilizations. The city of Harappa was a part of the Indus Valley Civilization that covered most parts of the present day Pakistan and some parts of North-western India. The culture of this region is now known as the Harappan Civilization. While the earliest roots of the Indus Valley Civilization date to approximately 6000 B.C, historians believe that the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro date to around 2600 B.C. These towns were quite advanced and unique in their approach to town planning with their extent of spread much bigger ...

Introduction

At the present stage of development Japan is considered one of the most economically developed countries in the world. Despite all the upheavals of the country, by the size of industrial manufacture, as well as in terms of GDP (PPP), Japan is the fourth largest, after the USA, China and India. Japan is highly developed country in the field of electronics and robotics (Trading economics, 2014).
In Japan, there is a high economic freedom, the close cooperation of the government with the producers for economic growth, the emphasis on science and technology, as well as a strict work ethic. All ...

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Exports and Import of Rough Diamonds Regulations
Introduction
The Kimberly Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) was created by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through which it imposes wide-ranging requirements on all its members to empower them to attest shipments of rough diamonds as ‘conflict-free’, thereby preventing ‘conflict-diamonds’ from flowing into the legal trade of diamonds globally.
The Kimberley Process, led by South Africa since the year 2000, has its roots in the decision of all the Southern African nations to take action to put an end to the flow of " ...

The euro area or euro zone comprises of all those countries, which have accepted euro as their currency. Currently, 18 European countries are operating under the euro zone, and the multinational companies of these countries are facing the positivity’s and negativity of working under the euro zone. The main aim of the euro zone is to maintain stability and economic growth in the respective countries by the use of a single currency.
Talking about the pros for a multinational which work under the euro zone, one advantage is single currency have encouraged trade between different countries within the euro ...

Executive summary

Technology is an ever-advancing concept. As it changes, many things change along with it. One of those things that do not remain constant when technology changes, is business. The way in which business is done is influenced largely by changes in technology. Notably, business is now a global idea. Even the small and medium sized corporations are going to the international scene with an aim of expanding their market and accessing new ideas on the global scene. This has given birth to a concept that is becoming a household name in any countries – ecommerce. Ecommerce is a way of trading, just like the ...

1.0 Introduction
The current consumer regime in Australia came into effect on 1st January 2011. The sole aim of this thesis is to compare and contrast the present day consumer regime legislations and the pre-2011 ones. This is to ascertain whether the present day legislations are progressive or retrogressive. The Australian Consumer Law of 2011 (ACL) can be defined as “a national, state and territory law from 1 January 2011 and includes unfair contract terms legislation introduced on 1 July 2010’. Under this legislation, all consumers have the same entitlements and all businesses too have the same responsibilities and ...

Establishment of BRICS was one of the most significant political events of the beginning of the XXI century. BRICS is a group of five fast-developing countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The organization was founded in June 2006 during the St. Petersburg`s Economic Forum with the participation of the Ministers of Economy of Brazil, Russia, India and China.
Before the inclusion of South Africa in 2010, the organization was known as BRIC. For the first time the acronym BRIC was proposed by Jim O'Neill Goldman Sachs`s Bank analyst in November 2001. The sequence of letters ...

The History of Banking System in India.

The banking system in India has taken tremendous revolutions in the past years. Trade and commerce have been part of the Indian social organization since the times of civilization. The trading organizations were initially organized into social systems that mostly based their relationships on the exchange of goods and services. Banking is important for the economy of a country to grow at the global pace. The changes that these institutions have made for the Indian commerce are quite significant.
Trading activities were formerly held by various social groups and run by the wealthy merchants of the time. Trade and ...

Nowadays we live in the global world, where cultures are tightly connected with each other and the traditions’ sharing process is developing day-to-day. Some cultures are absorbing features of other one, and some cultures are dissolving in more influential ones. Nevertheless we all need to understand that this process has not emerged at once – it takes its origins from the dawn of times and has been developing as the time flew. There are some essential ways of how one culture could be influencing or influenced by other one, such as the war actions and the trading. In this case, ...

International Monetary System  

Introduction
The exchange rate has a significant impact on foreign trade of the country, because the competitiveness of country’s products on world markets largely depends on the level of exchange rate. The exchange rate affects the direction of international capital flows. The decision about investing of the national capital in assets of any country is taken on the basis of the expected real return on invested capital, which depends on the interest rate and the expected changes in the exchange rate (Brigham and Houston, 2011).
The currency parity is at the heart rates of convertible currencies. However, the ...