Essays on Acquired Immunity

VACCINES, VACCINATION AND IMMUNIZATION, AND DISEASES CONTROL

Introduction to Biology, SCI 120

Vaccines, Vaccination and immunization, and disease control Vaccines are defined as chemicals prepared from antigens (disease causing agents) that are injected into the human body, in order to activate the body’s defense mechanism against harmful diseases. Vaccines are made mostly for diseases that are fatal or incurable. Vaccination is defined as the process of injecting vaccines into the body in order to initiate disease protection. Immunization is the process of developing resistance against harmful diseases, most commonly through the use of vaccines. Vaccination is carried out to prevent from numerous diseases including ...

Summary of the concept map

There are two major types of immunity. Innate immunity and the acquired immunity. The type of immunity people gets when they are previously affected by a plaque is usually termed the acquired immunity. This kind of immunity is what stimulate some of the T and B cells to become a memory cell. These groups of memory cells will store the information on how to terminate the plaque when the next time it occurs. The concept map described the components of innate and adaptive immunity. Both have the humoral and cell mediated immunity. The cell mediated immunity described the cellular component of ...

Article Review

This paper presents the present research state of modalities that could help achieve a natural form of immunity against malaria. Several previous literatures and research articles were reviewed to provide this journal review article. The article focuses more on the role of chemoprophylaxis and its effects on achieving or enhancing naturally acquired immunity against Plasmodium microorganisms (especially Plasmodium falciparum) which are the culprits of malaria infections. The article provided a broad overview of the prevalence of malaria globally with certain areas marked as endemic having the highest number of deaths. The paper highlighted some of the challenges that have delayed ...

Salmonella

Scientific name of the causative organism: Different serovars of Salmonella enterica

I. Classification

Superkingdom: - Bacteria

Kingdom: - Bacteria

Phylum: - Proteobacteria

Order: - Enterobacteriales

Family: - Enterobacteriaceae

Genus: - Salmonella

Species: - S. enterica.

Strain: Salmonella enterica has more than 2500 strains of which Typhi and Paratyphi are the most common.

II. Structure and morphology

If bacterial:

Shape: Salmonella are rod shaped bacteria with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 1.5µm and about 2 to 5µm in length. Arrangement: Glycocalyx: Cell wall: Bacteria of this genus are gram negative. Cell wall components: S. Typhi has a Polysaccharide capsule Vi on ...

Hantaviruses

Scientific name of the causative organism: The scientific name depends on the species because the hantavirues have been classified into a number of species for instance Hantavirus sin nombre virus I. Classification

Superkingdom: Not applicable

Kingdom: Not applicable Phylum: Not applicable Order: Not applicable Family: Bunyaviridiae Genus: Hantavirus Species: A number of species have been identified so far, these include the Sin Nombre Virus, Andes Virus, Hantaan Virus, Seoul Virus, Puumala Virus and Dobrava Virus.

Strain: Not applicable

II. Structure and morphology If viral: Attachment to humans, enveloped or not, size, DNA or RNA, single or double stranded, integrates ...