Essays on Coagulation

Introduction of Topic

Burden of Deep Vein Thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis is a severe preventable cause of morbidity-mortality around the globe. This disease is so silent hence difficult in diagnosing it and so it is seen as a significant challenge regarding diagnosis. The Little level of clinical suspicion and higher incidence and fatality makes deep vein thrombosis a grave concern to the world (Jaff, et al, 2011). In the United States, 1 to 2 in every 1,000 people is likely to be affect by deep vein thrombosis annually. There is also an estimation that up to 100,000 Americans scampers to ...

Status of the document.

This document is a project proposal for the development of starch-based hemostatic products. Acknowledgement. Much thanks to the project supervisor who offered guidance in every step of the development of this proposal. Developing starch based hemostatic products Project summary. Purpose: This proposal is envisioned to develop a hemostatic agent from purified plant starch. In this case, the product of the reaction should be developed by the formation of microporous hemosphere particles after etherification, esterification and crosslinking of glucose molecules to form ethyl propanetriol (glycerol-ether links (1-3 deoxy propanol)). The second intention of this study is to investigate the properties ...

Overview

Polyvinylidene fluoride is one of the polymers that are used as membrane material. This is because of its outstanding properties. Besides its comparatively high amount of fluorine, the polymer also has a high level of crystallinity. The result of these properties are exhibited in the performance of the Polyvinylidene fluoride polymer. For instance, the chemical stability of Polyvinylidene fluoride in chlorinated solvents and environments that are highly caustic and acidic is very high. Another property of the polymer is its hydrophobicity. This means that it is not compatible with water. This would create challenges if the polymer were to ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Ebola virus disease, formerly described as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, refers to a severe illness that is usually deadly in humans. Wild animals transmit the virus to human populations where it spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Typically, the disease has a fatality rate of nearly 50% with past outbreak cases recording fatality rates ranging between 25% and 90% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). For example, an Ebola epidemic in West Africa reported in 2014 caused global panic because it was “the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered” (WHO, 2016). In ...

Novel drug sourced from snake venom

Abstract The cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have continued to be some of the leading death causes across the globe. In the recent times, the field of medicine has received substantial advancements, particularly in the areas of pharmacological treatment and the prevention of the disorders such as the plasminogen activators, platelets GPIIb/IIIa antagonists and the direct thrombin inhibitors. The development of the novel drug, the tirofiban sourced from the Echis carinatus venom been highly reported to be of great importance. Tirofiban, an anticoagulant factors isolated from Echis carinatus has a variety of immune responses that includes both acute inflammatory responses ...

Increasing Septic Screening Compliance

Increasing Septic Screening Compliance

Abstract

There is a growing medical challenge within the confines of medical service facilities that if not addressed may lead to unnecessary loss of life. There has been a growing rate of sepsis infections, especially those who are admitted in the hospital. It is a baffling problem as one would image that the hospital is the last place where one’s sickness gets worse. Delving further into the probable causes of the increase of septic infection cases, once would discover that the methodologies that are being used to detect and address these infections are undependable. As ...

Post-operative haemorrhage reporting

Part 1 Postoperative haemorrhage is the bleeding observed after a procedure involving a surgical operation (Bonjer and Cuesta 224). The bleeding may be delayed, or it may happen immediately after the procedure.

The prevalence of postoperative haemorrhage

In 2000, the prevalence of postoperative haemorrhage in the United States was estimated to be as follows: An occurrence of 2.24 postoperative haemorrhages with evacuation or surgical drainage per 1000 surgical discharges, 1.02 postoperative haemorrhages of people with the age range of 0 to 17 per 1000 surgical discharges and 1.5 postoperative haemorrhages among people of ages 18 to 44 per 1000 surgical discharges.

A scenario involving post-operative haemorrhage

A 40year old ...

Introduction

Every product has a lifecycle that defines the impact it creates to the environment from the time of production, usage, and disposal. Life cycle assessment process assists in compiling and examining inputs and outputs of a product regarding materials and energy associated with its functioning throughout the life cycle. Life cycle assessment acts as an essential tool for decision support that helps policy makers and industries assess the cradle-to-grave of a product. The assessment analysis chemical production, material selection, design for environment and environmental impact, industrial ecology, and product lifecycle management (Yorzyk and Radzinski 1). The following paper assesses ...

1. Intake with screen removes floating, large solid impurities. The removed solids are called screenings, and they are treated and disposed as solid wastes. Mixing tank is where coagulants such as alum, aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate or lime are mixed with raw water (Al-Najar), there is no waste stream generated from mixing tank since the process is quick and there is no time to settle. In, the flocculator slow mixing occurs to allows for floc formation, the chemicals added in mixing tank promote this process. Flocculated suspended impurities settle sooner due to their large size and mass. ...

In January 2015, two persons attacked “Charlie Hebdo”, a renowned French satirical weekly newspaper. It turned out later that the attackers were Al-Qaeda jihadist - born and raised in France. Instantaneously, the mass media including TV, Internet (Social Media), and newspaper started broadcasting and publishing videos and images related with the horrible incident. People all around the world showed their support to the victims and their families by honoring them with tributes and also arranged peaceful demonstrations against terrorist activities. The gravity of the event reached the desired threshold for the formation of another international coagulation against the new ...

Pathophysiology of Chronic venous insufficiency and Deep venous thrombosis

Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition that describes a dysfunction of the valves in the upper and lower extremities or the inability of the muscles in these regions to exert the required pressure that can force the flow of blood back into the heart. Essentially, the arteries are designed to supply oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body while the veins are designed to transport the oxygen-deficient blood back into the heart (McPhee& Hammer, 2010). These processes are enhanced by the pressure exerted by the underlying muscles within the upper and lower extremities as well as the ability ...

Report on Arsenic-Free Water Filters

Introduction

Arsenic concentration in water varies depending on the source. This report is based on the discussion of the measures of reducing the levels of arsenic in the tube-well water. In this case, three criterions are selected for the study. Each of the methods chosen will enumerate its merits and demerits that suit the application.

Problem

Arsenic is semi-metal element found in the periodic table. It is an odorless, tasteless element that occurs naturally in water, rocks and soils, air, plants and animals. Arsenic poisoning from various water sources such as well present a significant problem across the globe. The ...

Introduction and Overview

The Rhesus factor (Rh) refers to the red blood cell’s(RBC) surface antigen;the name Rhesus comes from the small Indian monkeys in which it was first discovered. Rh incompatibility,sometimes referred to as Rh disease, is a condition that occurs when a woman with the Rh-negative blood type is exposed to Rh- positive blood cells, leading to the development of Rh antibodies. This condition can have fatal outcomes including haemolytic disease of the foetus or newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). These conditions have, in the past, raised a lot of concerns, and some ...

[Client Name] Water is a colourless and odourless liquid, and is very important for human development and survival. It covers 75% of the earth's surface and is mostly found in lakes, rivers and seas. In addition, the human body comprises 78% of water. Water is an interesting molecule and consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. It is covalently bonded and possesses a very interesting characteristic, i.e. polarity. Polarity ensures that water is an effective medium for the dissolution of other polar compounds. In so doing, water is an enabler for many biological reactions (“The Chemistry of ...

Abstract

Factor V Leiden is a genetic mutation that confers resistance to the action of activated protein C and thus predisposes to venous thromboembolism. It’s inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and is prevalent amongst Caucasians with a carrier rate of 4%. Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common clinical manifestations of FVL related VTE although it can also affect other sites. Genetic testing for FVL is used for diagnostic as well as predictive purposes. Diagnosis of FVL is based on protein assays and

DNA analysis technology. Familial genetic testing for FVL is generally not recommended except in ...