Essays on Fracture

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury is an acquired injury to the brain that results from an external blunt or penetrating force to the head while; intentional hypoxia is the loss of oxygen supply to the brain which leads to a continuum of injury severity. A review of current literature on this topic suggests that comparisons can be readily drawn between traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury in a rehabilitation setting. Even so, diagnosis of hypoxic brain injury and traumatic brain injury is essential in providing guidance on decisions of treatment. Treating intentional hypoxia, however, involves an establishment of the desired ...

Effectiveness of Supported Angel Heel Treadmill Rehabilitation on hip fractured patients

Physiotherapist DECLARATION I, the undersigned Fatih Serkan YILDIRIMER (print name), a student of the Faculty of Public Health of Debrecen University, being fully aware of my legal liability, do thereby declare and certify with my signature that my thesis, entitled

EFFECTIVENESS OF SUPPORTED ANGEL HEEL TREADMILL REHABILITATION ON HIP FRACTURED PATIENT

is my own original work and that the printed and electronic literature referred to in it was used in accordance with the international rules of copyright. I understand that in the case of a thesis, it is considered plagiarism when: ● quoting word for word without quotation marks and referring to literature without proper citation. ● referring to content without citing ...

Introduction

How materials behave is dependent on various factors, some of which include their mechanical properties. When the material experiences various loading conditions, its behavior reflects its mechanical conditions as well as the effect of the loading conditions. When a material experiences various loading conditions, the material experiences either shear stress, tensile strength, or compressive strength. The tensile properties of a material relate to its ability support any axial loads to which it is subjected without rapturing (Department of Engineering. 2007). When a material is subjected to tensile stress, the deformation that occurs is in the form of elongation or ...

Osteoporosis is more common in women than men and this is something that is attributed to comparatively thinner bones and the post-menopausal effects. As such, osteoporosis screening is quite important among women, notably, in their post-menopausal stage of life as a way of mapping their overall risk and subsequently, help in pursuing proactive measures (Compston et al., 2014). According to the U.S Preventive Services Task Force (2011), guidelines osteoporosis screening should be done to women who are 65 years and above without any history of fractures or pre-existing causative factors of osteoporosis. Additionally, the screening guidelines for osteoporosis among ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Introduction

Sub- capital fracture of the femoral neck is a common injury among the ageing population and is regarded as “unsolvable fractures”. This is a growing health concern in every country as the healthcare expenditure is very high. The surgical options, especially for elderly population, highly depend on the patient’s profile, their preference and the experience of the surgeon . Mrs. Pollard, 75- year- old, sustained a left sub- capital fractured neck of femur. Due to her age and her other complications such as hypertension and Type- 2 diabetes, a total hip replacement might be a better surgical option as ...

Multiple choice questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Increased erythropoietin production Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Enhancement in oxygen extraction The answer for this question is b. increased heart rate. A reduction in tissue oxygenation as happens in anemia stimulates increased production of erythropoietin through a complex feedback mechanism. Increased production of erythropoietin enhances erythropoiesis in anemia. Increased extraction of oxygen in anemia is a compensatory mechanism that is mediated by an increase in 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations. Increased cardiac output is the main hemodynamic compensatory mechanism in anemia that aims to increase blood flow to the body organs. An increase in heart rate ...

Impact Testing of Metals

Abstract Impact testing of metal experiment was conducted by performing Charpy V-notch impact tests and the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the three metallic samples was established. Three samples of metals were studied ( 1018 hot-rolled steel, brass and aluminum) to assess the Charpy V-notch impact energy as a function of temperature and the ductile-brittle transition temperature. The DBTT for the sample tested were recorded as follows: -109F, 32F, 71F, 140F and 205F respectively. From the results obtained, it is evident that the fracture energy varies with the original temperature of the specimen under investigation. For Steel, the highest fracture energy ...

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterised by reduced mineral density of the bones as well as the destruction of the tissues of the bones. This damage makes the bone fragile and prone to fractures. The fractures often occur in the spine, wrist, and the hip bone. The disease mostly affects the elderly individuals in the society. This paper examines the causes, diagnosis, prognosis, and osteoporosis-related psychosocial issues. Additionally, the paper is set to explore the accommodations required for an individual suffering from osteoporosis.

Causes of Osteoporosis

Loss of bone density and structure is natural in the process of ageing. However, bone loss ...

Complications of Removable Implant Supported Prostheses

Introduction The two main complications that result from removable implants are biological and mechanical/technical complications. There is need to assess and interpret data on the incidence of complications, both biological and technical with caution. Berglundh, Persson, and Klinge (2002), found that implant loss was the most common problem, while technical complications were observable in about 60-80% and biological complications – 40-60% of the studies they evaluated. According to Sadowsky (2007), there are no specifications on the length, distribution, and number of implants; however the suggestion for non-palatal coverage designs should be a minimum of 4 implants. In case of risk ...

With four treatment options, the patient must undergo a thorough consultation with the clinician, covering each restoration type. Each treatment presentation will include the benefits and drawbacks the that particular method, risks and/or impediments associated with placement, complications that can arise after placement and daily maintenance protocols. The presentations must be clear and concise and devoid of scientific terminology that may not be recognized by the patient. To enhance understanding, it is recommended that the presentations utilize models, photographs and/or drawings representing the final product; images of previous cases can be used if they comply with all patient confidentiality ...

Healthcare

In the current paper, we will discuss the complications in removable implant prosthesis, fabrication, delivery, and function. For the purpose of understanding these topics better, we need to understand the basic concepts of dental implants first. A dental implant can be described as an artificial replacement of a tooth root which is placed in the jaw for the purpose of holding a replaced tooth or a bridge. Dental implants can be used as an option for the patients who had lost a tooth as a result of a periodontal disease, injury or any other reason. Two different types of ...

Introduction

Dental implants are increasingly becoming popular because a large section of clinicians believe that natural tooth restoration techniques are inferior to dental implants as implants have a longer life than natural tooth and are less susceptible to biological changes. There are various types of dental implants that support crown, bridges, and dentures, and act as orthodontic anchors and facial prosthesis. The basis of the modern dental implant is a biological process in which titanium forms a bond with bone. Dental fixture is first implanted and then a prosthetic is added. Over the years, various implant impression techniques, such as ...

1. Identify a problem and explain the problem: Background: The project proposal is related to the prevention of fall among elderly. The incidence of falls is high among the elderly population. Studies suggest that elderly who fall once, are more likely to fall in the future. A number of conditions like poor eye vision or transient ischemic attacks or pets or general body weakness or other miscellaneous reasons, can increase the risk of fall in the elderly population. Falls can be particularly serious and life changing for elderly. It can make them dependent on others and also increases the ...

Trace evidence involved in a crime scene tends to be in many different forms for example hair, fibres, soil, and glass among others. Glass analysis includes scientifically determining the speed of bullets, the direction of shots and the firearm type based on the impact of the crack on the glass. The method applied in determining the order of gunshots utilizes the scientific approach of studying the fracture lines on the points of impact on the glass. This paper discusses the methodology used to determine the order of bullets on glass evidence and the importance of the glass analysis in ...

Introduction

There are different perspectives that are being peddled concerning fracture processes, this has led to confusion on what actually this term means. In this review, a deeper understanding is sort by analyzing different aspects of the nomenclature of the fracture process. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the failure processes several aspects are put in consideration key among them will be discussed below and include; the energy of fracture, macroscopic structure path and microscopic fracture mechanisms.

Energy to Break

The toughness of a material is the measure of the absorbed energy during and before fracture. The toughness of the material ...

Summary of an Article

The test needs at least three samples; the first load sample burst at a consistent rate with the Test Method E8 to create fast fracture strength (FFS), geometrically (PFFS=Pc) (Kaminsky 783-786). The test has the primary reference data, specific load profile vary on the samples hardness within a scale of≥33HRC to 45HRC; >45HRC to 54HRC; and>54HRC. #/%Pmax/hrs is the symbol for incremental step load profile ("WITHDRAWN: Engineering Fracture Mechanics Special Issue—Mechanics Of Fracture And Failure In Geomaterials"). # represents some steps, and %Pmax gives the highest load anticipated by a single step.

The loading profile for≥33HRC to 45HRC is (10/5/2,4) or 10 steps at 5% of PFFS.

Specific load profile ...

Introduction

SBS or Shaken Baby Syndrome is a major brain injury that results from forceful shaking of a toddler or infant. Shaken Baby Syndrome is a result of direct blow/s to a child’s head due to throwing or dropping, or sometimes shaking a child. Since, infants’ anatomy puts them at risk for injury from such actions; several victims of SBS are under 1 year old. The autopsy reveals several details such as the presence of white matter contusion tears, diffuse axonal injury, subdural hematoma, and galeal skull fracture, contusion on the front skull and a linear skull fracture. But, ...

Ruth Livingstone was a 65-year-old African-American woman brought to the agency by her son. I first met Ruth during her admission day where we collected details of her medical past. Her son had noted that Ruth was recently having memory problems, she would forget to eat or she would cook a number of different meals. The recent scare was when she had left a pot on the gas and caused a fire in her house. Her son, Roy, saw the need to seek medical care for her.

We diagnosed Ruth with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. She presented ...

INTRODUCTION

The given study involves a 25-year old girl who has met with an accident and fell off the bike on a mountain her right side, while jumping over a curb and presents with a significantly large abrasion and ecchymotic area on the right thigh. She reports to have been wearing her helmet and no loss of consciousness and absence of any swelling. The patient may be evaluated and diagnosed for occurrence of musculoskeletal disorder for pain in her hip, arms and thigh.

ANATOMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

The musculoskeletal system comprises of bones, muscles, joints, and the other connective tissue constituents combining these structures . ...

Question 1

Ernest Rutherford One of the contributions of Ernest Rutherford includes the discovery that the Becquerel rays consisted of two different rays (Sears, 2015). The discovery of the two rays came about after Ernest Rutherford focused his attention on actual radiations that are emitted by radioactive substances. The experiment consisted of evaluations of radiations that were emitted from successively layered sheets of aluminum placed over a uranium compound. A distinction made in the two forms of rays was their penetrating power. According to Sears (2015), to be able to distinguish between the two forms of rays, Rutherford named the easily ...

Abstract

As the aging population in the United States and other similarly developed nations across the globe continues to burgeon, the health significance of the aging population in these nations continues to increase. In 2008 alone, about 28-35% of those aged over 65 years were reported to fall every year with the proportion being greater at 45% for individuals aged 70 years and over in the US. The proportion of hospital admission owing to fall for people who are aged over 65 years ranges from 1.7 to 3.0 per every 10,000 individuals in the universal population. Hip fracture, upper ...

Epileptic drugs and increased risk of fracture in people over 50

Epileptic drugs are used to cure or suppress epilepsy and seizures. Seizures are disruptions in brain activity that leads to behavioral change. It ranges from zoning for some seconds to convulsions, which may last for minutes and might cause injuries in case a person flails about. Most anti-epileptic drugs are said to induce non-traumatic fracture to people over 50 years. They are considered a secondary cause of osteoporosis because epilepsy is high associated with old people, a population already affected by osteoporosis (Cole, 2008). Moreover, these drugs are associated with bone density reduction especially to epileptic post-menopausal women. Population-based studies have ...