Essays on Free Will

In order to ensure peace and prosperity of a country, most governments have employed the use of stringent rules and regulations to govern people. However, some people stray away from the common perception of government and embrace anarchy. Anarchy is basically opposite of what the government stands for, anarchism is a political ideology (Carter, 1971) that holds the state undesirable and harmful while advocating for stateless institutions. The view of anarchists stray away from the commons masses and more often they tend to go extreme and cause social disturbance and unrest (Gage, 2009)as was the case of the ...

Since I started expressing myself through visual thinking and design, it has been three years now down the road for me, which have been very resourceful in expanding my art practice. My specialization in the practice is on the moving image pathway. On a personal level, I particularly enjoy doing interactive design, visual design as well as photography. Although my most preference in art and design lies towards graphic design, I have come to learn that good and smart work is developed once a person steps out of the comfort zone and tries new ideas, which are challenging and ...

Introduction

Artificial (computer) intelligence is one of the most promising development vectors in computer science and computer engineering. Work in the field of artificial intelligence is aimed at the development of methods, tools and technologies of designing computer systems with a specific function such as training, expert advising, robotics, and others. Unlike conventional programmers, who are involved in the development of well-specified software, artificial intelligence experts are additionally able to formulate specifications, which is one of the biggest challenges in the design of any product. However, the issue remains, as questions continue to arise as to whether human-equivalent artificial intelligence ...

Why do the myths, works of art and literature history and artwork concerning the Trojan war furnish such a great opportunity to engage all the major questions of life and society and of the humanities The Trojan War which is a legendary conflict between the people of Troy and the Greeks is said to have been fought for about 10 years with great influence from the gods. The myths and the arts value the Trojan War because it shows that mortals are subject to the fate decided upon them by the gods. In this case, Zeus saw that the ...

In his professional autobiography, Boring discusses the journey in the field of psychology from early years and draws conclusions from personal experience and formal schooling. Boring lists his encounters with professionals in the area of engineering, psychology, and administration in different universities and times, and also elucidated his personal conflicts from the self, family, and professional life. The most striking aspect of the work are the psychological perspectives such as motivation and ego, determinism and free will, and the relationship between philosophy and psychology and how he championed for the separation of the two disciplines at Harvard. Boring noted ...

Contract of Sale of a Good and Legal Obligations of Concerned Parties

Introduction This research paper presents an analysis of a case study and is written to address breach of law of contract concerning sale of a good (bicycle) by a last year student named Jonas. He placed an advertisement in one of the sports magazine making an offer to the general public to sell his bicycle. Jonas was approached by two first year students named by Sarah and Saleh at different times on the same day. As this last year student was not aware about the telephonic message placed by Sarah, he sold the bicycle to another first year student ...

Justice is something which underlies our own society – without it, indeed, some people posit that there can be no such thing as society. While many people state that justice is the same thing as the law, with Plato being the most visible proponent of this theory, others, such as Socrates, hold the two to be very different things. As we shall see below, while Socrates and Plato disagree on whether or not justice and law are the same, they both agree when it comes to addressing the role that justice takes in internal adherence to the values of the ...

Jesus in Writings and Paintings.

Jesus as an Inspirational Figure in the Renaissance Christianity and Jesus have always been central to the development of culture in Europe throughout its history. That does not, however, mean that people’s conception of them both remained static – a fact which has arguably led to some of the greatest artistic and intellectual outpourings the world has ever seen. While the Renaissance is famous for its intellectual outpourings (with Da Vinci being just one of the people famous for this), it is equally famous for its paintings and sculptural works. The ubiquity of religious iconography in both artistic and ...

Essay

Immanuel Kant: Reason and Freedom Immanuel Kant argues that being purely objective or purely rational and being independently free are two peas in a pod. As Kant argued in his widely known book Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals, all human beings possess what he refers to as 'the idea of freedom' (Pasternack, 2002, 12). He builds his concept of categorical imperatives-- in the absence of which responsibility and morality would cease to exist-- upon the speculated idea that freedom is an omnipresent concept. Kant claims that it is clearly not possible for people to envision themselves as 'un-free' ( ...

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* Language; I was born in the Middle East and I speak Arabic fluently.   Arabic language has impacted my life and worldview and I don't need to struggle to converse in different languages including the English language. I am speaking one of the hardest and richest languages meaning that I might speak more than one language and it will not be as hard as the Arabic language.  * Islam; my parents are Muslims. They taught me Islam which gives me the rules according to which I live. However, Islam has impacted my life because I strongly believe there is another ...

Compare and Contrast

Philosophy

Introduction The context of determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism can be attributed to the two notions of freedom the metaphysical and circumstantial. The latter encompasses an idea that everyone has freedom to act without being interfered by any obstacle while the former demonstrates the freedom of oneself to choose among alternatives. This notion of freedom will be articulated in this discussion by comparing and contrasting the philosophical context of determinism, compatibilism, and libertarianism. Furthermore, the discussion will also differentiate the three positions in terms of strengths and weaknesses. Based on the interpretation of the three positions, a personal take ...

The discussion, whether free will exists, persists in philosophy for centuries. Numerous arguments were put forth by both determinists and libertarians. And while the aim of these arguments is to prove either of the viewpoints, the question of why exactly should either of them be proven and their practical consequences are not less important. In this paper, I will argue against the existence of free will in a libertarian sense, explain the consequences of libertarian and determinist positions and tell why I found this topic particularly interesting. The debates around free will mostly address the free will which is ...

Introduction

Kneller (1958) defines existentialism as the philosophy that gives emphasis to the existence of an individual with choice and freedom whereby human beings decide on their paths and meaning of their lives as rational human beings with the capability of following unique directions in life. In essence, it is free will and each person has the responsibility of ethically making judgments and taking courses of action for which they are individually responsible. Chapter five gives an explanation of the philosophical view of existentialism and its relation to education.

Chapter Analysis

Existentialism primarily talks about the freedom to choose. According to this ...

Introduction

Initially, the problem of evil was tied to the syllogism that everything was created by God and since evil is a thing, therefore evil was also created by God. However, this approach to the problem of evil was devastating to Christians core belief of God being an omnibenevolent God. St. Augustine, therefore, sought to provide a solution to the problem and formulated an approach that prompted two syllogisms which stated that, according to the bible, all of Gods creation are good. Evil cannot be considered as good. Therefore, evil is not a part of God’s creation. The second ...

Predestination, otherwise known as destiny or fate, is a timeless construct which consists of past, present, and future at once. However, free will exists in the present state and constitutes humanity’s actions as they transpire moment to moment in a chronological fashion. Whereas the manifestations of free will are tangible and constant, destiny and fate represent more abstract ideas that are subject to change based upon the conscious choices and decisions that individuals make. In other words, free will and predestination are constantly interacting with each other. The decisions that we make using our own free will have ...

Faith, being an intangible concept, is almost indefinable. But there are theologians, like Soren Kierkegaard and Paul Tillich, who dared to define faith and its role in everyday life. There are similarities and differences between the interpretation of Kierkegaard and Tillich of faith, and some critics are not contented with or opposed to their ideas, particularly as regards the subject-object division. This paper argues that a thorough, critical analysis of the ideas of Kierkegaard and Tillich regarding faith will demonstrate both theologians remaining devoted to the conflict between the finite world and the infinite, unbounded realm. Kierkegaard often emphasizes ...

Exposition of competing positions:

Hard determinism argues that due to the fact that determinism is true, and there can be no choices that result in any specific outcome for the individual, there is no need to engage in moral discourse. The idea that all things are the result of abstract causes that cannot be effected in any way presents the idea that there is no need to assess the consequences of action. This is due to the fact that a person’s nature is primarily determined by their ultimate destiny. The principle of free will does not exist therefore, due to the fact ...

English 332

Happiness is one of the most sought, but yet one of the most elusive humankind’s wishes. The greatest thinkers in history have all touched the idea of the happiness, and possibly how to attain it. Many Buddhists will avoid any activity that causes pleasure, since they believe that positive physical sensations distract the brain from achieving meaningful moral clarity. In the Western world, the Utilitarian theory that happiness derives from the most amount of pleasure minus the least amount of pain, has really taken off in the last 50 years (with advertising suggesting that instant and temporary satisfaction ...

The Divine Comedy is a Medieval Poem that represents a journey of hell, heaven, and paradise. Dante’s journey explores the specifications that he and other people may acquire when determining their outcome of heaven or hell. His words express the sinfulness that occurs on earth and the reflection it has as punishment. The souls’ punishment of Hell reflects the disadvantage of traveling to Heaven. In Inferno, the sinners symbolize the hatefulness that occurs and the price that their souls pay in Hell. “He talks about the wrath of God and the souls coming together from every country”. . Dante ...

The two topics of my choice are:

Fate,Fortune, and Free Will Augustine, Dante, and Sin Fate, Fortune, and Free Will Aeneas is bound by fate to become the founder of the Roman race, but he is also allowed to achieve this through free will. ‘Twould issue well. But am swayed by fate ’Queen Dido is also influenced by both fate and free will. She falls in love with Aeneas and even offers to share her kingdom with the Trojans with him . Although it is everyone's fate to die, she dies out of her free will when she decides to commit suicide . ‘O relics sweet while ...

Free Will and Determinism: A Response to the Problem from the Perspective of Three Philosophical Positions

The concept of free will has been essential in religion and philosophy, but this concept has been opposed to a new one, namely determinism, which is the result of years of scientific progress and the discovery of natural laws. Free will represents the capacity to act independently, or to take decisions based on personal wish, regardless of the pressures one is subject to. On the other hand, determinism is based on the idea that all actions performed by human beings are determined by natural laws and different causal factors, and in fact there is no free will. This idea ...

Nemesis, a novel by Philip Roth, gives a protagonist view of what is good, and what is wrong in the lives of human beings. Moreover, the novel gives an opposing view on a religious basis, but the antagonism is set in a virtual or imaginary basis, as the main character, Bucky, contradicts the view of others by supernatural eventualities. Moreover, Bucky is faced with vast guilt that alienated him from his life (Roth 21). Apparently, the author depicts that Bucky has poor eyesight and natural defect that makes him unfit to serve his country during the World War 2. ...

Liberty or freedom as a primary social, political and economic ideal which should be strived for is a relatively recent development in world history. The idea that the individual should be the primary subject and that individual freedom is a universal good and something which determines the quality of life and the quality or lack thereof of a government.  Freedom is conceived in two different and opposite ways. Positive freedom and negative freedom. The concept of positive freedom is encapsulated by the idea of agency. The idea which a person or subject has agency which means that they have ...

The notion "freedom" has many meanings, each of which applies to a particular sphere of life of the individual. Solving the problem of freedom is impossible without an understanding of the specifics of these values, and without disclosing the inner relationship of liberties. Most of all, to speak of freedom, it is possible to speak about two of its basic values. Speaking about free will, there is a possibility not to hesitate to define their internal desires, aspirations, and the second value is freedom of action, that is, the absence of obstacles to the implementation of the desired action. ...

The new age in this story comes with many changes which see a shift from the conventional practices in society to the adoption of new behavior. It is evident that there is a conflict between people's individual behavior and society's expectations of them. People's personal faith comes second to how they should behave to look moral in the eyes of society. For instance, Goodman Brown's conscience is at ease as he goes to see the Devil, however, when the deacon and minister approach his location; he is embarrassed and attempts to hide. Such situations make life the new age ...

According to Greek mythology, one’s personality ultimately affected the course of their lives. For instance, if one was considered wise, they were likely to live a good life. The contrary also holds true.

This paper will evaluate the role of fate and free will in Oedipus’ life.

Oedipus solved the Sphinx riddle whose solution lay in the three main stages of human life. As a child, Oedipus was sent out to die by his parents for fear of the fulfillment of prophesy. This stage was a work of fate as it was in relation to prophesy that depended on their action. As a young man, he set out on a journey to ...

In the history of philosophy, the problem of determinism and free will has always sparked a debate between philosophers who take opposing views on the issue. Determinism is a philosophical belief and thinking that assumes that all things which include human behavior are causally determined. On the other hand, free will is a philosophical idea that views things such as human will and behavior as free from causal determination. This topic in itself creates other issues that relate to morality and religion. On one hand, to believe in free simply does not in itself mean that human conduct is ...

Assignment Title

Free Will and Determinism Are human actions and behavior predetermined or are they self-caused by will? The debate about to what extent humans are free in making decisions and proceeding with their lives was one of the central problems of philosophy since its emergence. Many bright minds pondered on this problem offering different decisions to it. But what is the whole debate about? It would not be so important and acute if the problem stood by itself. However, the consequences of the decision to this issue strongly influence other questions and fields of philosophy. Particularly, the strongest implications are ...

【A】 I believe that marijuana should be legalized based on the medical impacts of the drug. The federal government of the United States lifted the ban against the use of marijuana, thus states that have legalized the drug can do it without approval from the national government. I view people in states that have legalized the drug as privileged, particularly for both medicinal and recreational use. Marijuana presents a psychoactive effect to the user leading to a general improvement in the mood and euphoria. The drug does not have severe impacts on the user. Therefore, I always wonder why ...

Bad faith in The Scarlet Letter

It can be really difficult to come to a decision when the outside world persuades you to meet your own wishes first. Being by nature a weak-willed creature, people are inclined to rash actions and misguided dealings. We are, at times, sneaky and foolish. Sometimes even the good intentions we may have and a deep longing to act justly may also be seen as a display of bad faith. According to Sartre, bad faith is the use of freedom without the acknowledgement of its presence (Detmer 203). Being consciously aware of their bad conduct, people still refuse to ponder ...

The dispute of free will versus determinism always bothered humanity. There were numerous arguments posed be either side of the discussion, but there still seems to be no end to it. David Hume is one of the opponents of free will and in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, he explains the "doctrine of necessity" with which he makes his point in this debate. In this essay, I will explain Hume's argument and support it. In his opposition to free will, Hume starts by jumping into the discussion and saying that the whole debate about free will was decided long ...

Psychology

Introduction The context of hard determinism is very straightforward. It was coined in such term because it implies a strict position about issues and matters that are universal in nature. In addition, hard determinism does not accord with moral responsibility considering that moral dispositions are incompatible with determinism. In this discussion, an argumentative position will be asserted in favor of hard determinism.

Arguments on Hard Determinism

In the case of hard determinism, it is real and it implies that there is no free will. This position encompasses a question of whether people have a free will or everything happen for a reason. For ...

The Gender Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

Introduction Traditionally, women have not been viewed as criminals because of their less aggressive nature, making the act of crime to be mainly associated with the male gender. There are several theories brought forth to explain why the female gender would, or would not engage in crime. The theories, however, do not provide satisfactory explanations to the phenomenon leading to counterarguments. Also, the criminal justice of the United States of America has been viewed as discriminatory because it fails to address the gender needs of female offenders whose number has increased over time. This essay discusses the historical perspectives, ...

The grand inquisitor is a poem that is narrated by Ivan, who portrays a situation where Christ has descended to earth and particularly to Spain during the time of the Spanish Inquisition. Upon Christ appearing, he is seen welcomed by people, he walks the streets amidst people’s joy and heals the sick and puts blessings upon their hearts. However, he is arrested, and the grand inquisitor considers him one of the heretics who were going against the Catholic Church ("The Brothers Karamazov). The inquisitors has some problems with how Jesus did things and says that it is the ...

The will of the individual in the society cannot be completely free because of the societal norms which affect the will of each individual. Moreover, the society is shaped in such a way that it encourages the establishment of the masses and of the individuals and their free will. There are influential people in all of the societies and the possibility of the free will exists although it is depends on the person to accept having free will or not. It is essential for the humans to understand the concept of free will and to find out if they ...

The construct of free will was studied and it was determined that the theory of undefined free will has conventionally been rejected and/or neglected in the theory of counseling and in the field of psychology; however, in the moral arena, the freedom of self-determinism and freedom of indeterminate free will are mutually exclusive concepts. From another perspective, indeterminate free will can also be perceived to be unidirectional, acting in the direction of self-violating, negative behavior, leading to immoral behavior (Wilks & Ratheal, 2011). Whenever an individual becomes self-absorbed, there is not consideration for anyone else even if that self-absorbed individual ...

“The Hunger Artist” is a short story that was written by Franz Kafka that was initially published in 1922. The main character of the story is a hunger artist who remains faithful to his craft and who fears that the people who watch him completely misunderstand him. There is the insight that crowds used to appreciate this kind of “performance”, but that during this time, people refuse to believe in such anymore. One might say that the main idea of this short story is the alienation of many artists from society. The artist has a very troubled relationship with ...

Religion, when mingled with Politics, is probably one of the most dangerously influential factors in some societies, playing a leading role in terms of power, creating stereotypes, controlling behavior and, this way, controlling people. Religion has been a source of power throughout the centuries in Western nations, with Christianity, but while the Cristian Religion has been losing its grip or softened it, Eastern religions like Islam, on the other hand, have not only kept but also reinforced their power, as they have managed to twist Religion to an unprecedented controller of political life. The result is overwhelming: a group ...

Philosophy

James Rachels argues that most of the notions we consider right are sometimes wrong and are sometimes gotten from the norms in society. The author does not differentiate the different social and cultural norms in society but insists there is no correct norm. One community might behave in a different way from other communities. The author makes it clear that all the different norms are correct according to the culture of that specific community.

In “Religion Gives Meaning to Life” Pojman criticizes the atheist prizing of autonomy over meaning, explain this criticism.

In Pojoman,s book religion gives meaning to life, argues that human beings come about by chance. Atheist believe that there is no purpose in ...

In the recent times, the issue of crime and deviance has become one of the most talked about within the society. Deviance is made up of two categories: legally deviant behavior and illegally deviant behavior. For example, to understand legally deviant behavior, we can refer to this situation. Jonathan walked through his local library while listening to loud music from her mobile phone. This can be termed legally deviant since she is not breaking any law, but her acts are socially unacceptable. Moreover, illegally deviant takes place in a different approach. For instance, Kelvin hit a pregnant face on ...

The Complexity of the Cross

Perception and perspective is often considered one’s reality. This notion forces one to acknowledge their own perceptions and perspective, particularly when it comes to their faith as they solidify and identify their own beliefs. For those who belong to the body of Christ, each member has its own journey formulating a testimony that is based on a personal relationship that is rooted in the loving grace of Jesus Christ. Within each life with Christ, there are complexities that only the grace of God can heal. In spite of life’s injustices, evil forces, sinful flesh, and degradation, the ...

Augustine of Hippo and His View of Election As Regards Salvation

Biography Augustine of Hippo, or more popularly known as St. Augustine, was the child of St. Monica. However, despite a religious upbringing, Augustine spent most of his young life in blasphemous beliefs and immoral lifestyle. Although he was a remarkably intelligent person and had been indoctrinated to the Christian faith early in life, his sins of wickedness and his self-glorification corrupted his thoughts too much, that he became completely blind to the Divine Truth. Augustine's mother, Monica, was a devout Christian, while his father supported paganism for most of his life, merely converting to Christianity prior to his death. ...

The posit that the human person is nothing but a body and that all its components and experiences can be explained regarding the body, without acknowledging the existence of a rational soul, forms the basis of the materialist theory (Cohen 2). The notion of materialism opposes the hylomorphic account of spirit as a reality different from matter a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle. According to Aristotle, living things are compounds of matter and form. He argues that a living thing soul (form) is what causes the existence of the body (matter) defines a soul as that which makes a ...

At the beginning of the Paradise Lost we are introduced to Satan, who has found himself on the surface of a boiling hot lava after falling from Heaven. He has fallen from Heaven because he no longer wanted to be subservient to God. As an alternative he wishes for there to be more equality between God and the Angels. Throughout Paradise Lost Satan, continues to be obsessed with equality. This is something that is inferred throughout much of Paradise Lost. This paper will examine Satan’s need for equality. Satan’s desire for equality is seen from the very ...

The availability of immoral contents such as pornography on the internet has led to massive limits to children’s’ freedom of navigating the internet and acting on free will. The limitations that are implemented are as a result of the increasing use of the internet by both children, young adults, and older people. The current technological advancement has led to increased access to contents that are not suitable for underage children. It is for the reason that almost everyone owns a technological devices as well as have access to internet connection. Thus, most people are uploading immoral videos and ...

Introduction

This paper will take a look at free will. It will bring out the views of two philosophers, Ayer, and Chisholm, and try to discuss the similarities and differences in their views. The paper will also state which of the two authors gave a better view of free will. In the statements, a justification will be drawn. Incompatibilists claim for that for people to have free will, then they should do otherwise than what they have done. This brings out the PAP (the principle of alternate possibilities. In other words, they define an act of free will if the ...

Augustine and Pelagius on Nature and Grace

In the 5th century, in the Church of Rome, the theological debate arises about the balance of forces of human nature and the grace of God in the salvation of man. Long before the separation of the Churches, the theological debate has significant influences on the development of Western Christianity both in the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. Particularly, the debate focused with the two important and outstanding names of the history, the Father of the Western Church, Saint Augustine of Hippo with his counterpart monk Pelagius, both are involved of this argument. Correspondingly, the Pelagian controversy has changed ...

Two stories from the crime pages in Florida make the mind roil in terms of their ethical consideration, but they also raise some interesting questions about the role that fate and free will combine to play in our lives. The first is the story of Casey Anthony. Even though a jury acquitted her of the charge of murder, the preponderance of the evidence, at least to many, indicated that she more than likely used duct tape to suffocate her daughter and then dumped the body somewhere where it took a repairman weeks to find it. The second is the ...

Introduction

The article focuses on the notion that every human being has the dignity of having been made the image of the Supreme God. It is considered the most fundamental principle every Christians’ moral life. God has bestowed an immortal soul to every humankind and the gift of intelligence as well as the reason to aid us in understanding the perfect order of things as established in His magnificent creation. Additionally, God has given the humankind freedom to endeavor as well as love the things that are true, beautiful and good. Nevertheless, all humanity suffers the ramifications of the original ...

The Constitution was written and signed in 1787. It, however, entered into force in 1789. It enshrines the fundamental framework of the US system of governance. Accordingly, it establishes the Congress, Presidency and Supreme Court. Besides, it provides for the bill of rights. On the other hand, the Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1776 and adopted by the Congress on July 4, the same year. Accordingly, it preceded the Constitution. In a nutshell, the Declaration of Independence enunciates themes such as equality and inalienable entitlements to all citizens, the philosophy of public governance, legitimacy of ...

My final research paper will be based on the perception of free will and censorship in the society. Free will is afforded to all human beings, but many persons fail to understand that free will without a high moral standard is similar to removing free will from humans. Arguably, free will and censorship are often misunderstood by many persons. The government takes away the free will of persons when they implement censorship on persons, but persons also censor their thoughts and actions when they censor themselves from the truth because of a lack of knowledge that can help to ...

The paper focuses on the hypothetical scenario where I get to be God. In that scenario, I have the ability to recreate all of the universe’s existence in my way. In formulating this new reality, I will use creation philosophy principles and my creative philosophical improvised ideas. As the Supreme Being, God, I would ensure there is a balance of nature and all life. There would be freewill for the humans to provide minimum interference with the human’s intelligence. Cause and effect would also be applied to ensure natural feedback for all actions. By using cause and ...

One of the purposes of criminal law is to impress upon the public the necessity of acting in a manner that society or the state deems desirable. One way that the state achieves this purpose is to impose punishment on those found guilty of undesirable conduct (LaFave, 2000). Naturally, over the course of criminal law in human history, multiple theories of punishment have been developed. Two such theories are contained in the classical and positivist schools of criminological analysis. In order to understand the differences between these two schools, it is important to first understand some of their fundamental ...

Rene Descartes is a French philosopher and mathematician of the XVI century, considered as a father of modern philosophy. He defined an opening point of existence and he is an author of well-known dictum “Cogito ergo sum” that means “I think; therefore I am.” He was influenced by Plato, Aristotle, Anselm and Thomas Aquinas. Descartes’s famous proofs of God’s existence are based on the system of personal experience and the “I” conception but in his speculations, it was not a person that have a conversation with God but the idea of the human “I” as a thinking ...

People will think of other people on the basis of the work they do at free-will. However, it is not an ideal treatment for people to blame other people for what they are forced to do. Freedom is compatible with determinism when the behaviour of a person is caused by the preceding factors. Therefore, the causal laws of determinism end up forming the basis of science. Freedom to perform an act is the idea that human beings have the ability to have choices in how they act and taking the assumption that they have the freedom in terms of ...

Reflection

Reflection

Kaelyn demonstrates a clear view of what chapter 12 and 13 convey to the readers. Ravitch clarifies that the necessity for merit pay implies monetary incentives for teachers. I would say that it contradicts the fact that most teachers are passionate enough in doing their job to educate the students, they do not need monetary incentives. I commend the explanation of Kaelyn because she explains this point clearly. It is true that the criticism undermines the confidence of the teachers and the competition merit pay is harmful to the teacher collaboration. In addition, the system creates weak teamwork ...

The 19th century is a period marked in history due to myriads of changes that transpired. The world experienced tremendous changes from the agrarian to an industrialized society, which threatened the existence of prior systems and values. The industrialized world changed the social and cultural structure of the society. Moreover, the society needed a tool that would best express the sociocultural and philosophical concerns of the day. Literature came in handy as an artistic medium to air such issues of the day, and at the same time to change people’s view on certain issues due to the introduction ...

Introduction.

The main idea of the tragedy. Key elements of the “Oedipus the King”. Dramatic structure as an inherent part of the composition. Divine interference as the decisive point in the tragedy’s plot. King Oedipus as the main character of the tragedy. Perception of the main characters from the point of a reader. Conclusion. The tragedy "Oedipus the King", written by Sophocles, has laid increased emphasis on one of the most important issues of his time: the will of the gods and man's free will. Each tragedian interprets mythology in his own independent way, as it serves as a ...

The set of doctrines surrounding the consideration of the end of time, particularly with regard to the fate of humanity and the resolution of human history, is the subject known as eschatology. Within the Christian consideration of these concepts, theologians and believers tend to emphasize heaven, hell, death, resurrection and the return of Jesus Christ to this plane. Indeed, such subjects as the rapture of the believers and the last judgment receive considerable attention (Jorgenson 115). Three facets of eschatology --- the Second Coming, the Rapture and the Judgment – come under consideration in this paper, as do the perspectives ...

The social contract

Jean-Jacques Rousseau argues in book one and book two of the Social Contract that mankind should not ignore the origins of their problems but resolve them by choosing how each and every individual in the universe choose to live. He argues that power never bring any positive change but the choices man wants to make can make everything right. Rousseau states that mankind was born free in this world but in reality, man is in chains (Rousseau 2010). The progress brought up by civilization contributes to the concept of mankind being in chains. His arguments set off the concept ...