Essays on Growth Hormone

Turner’s syndrome is a genetic disorder which mainly affects female growth and development. It is also termed as gonadal dysgenesis which occurs because of the absence of sex chromosome (X). The absence of the X chromosome causes abnormal development in human females. Instead of having a pair of 46 normal XX chromosomes, females with gonadal dysgenesis develop 45,X chromosomes (Castiglia, 1997). This odd combination of chromosomal pairing results in a conflicted sex of the person, where they are neither distinguished as male or female, due to the absence of the second X chromosome that would establish them ...

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression

Gene expression in eukaryotic cells is regulated at transcriptional, post transcriptional and translational levels (Tomizawa,  Lekstrom-Himes, and Xanthopoulos 17). Transcriptional control is the primary means of regulating gene expression. Eukaryotic transcriptional control functions at three levels: modulation of the activities of activators and repressors; variations in chromatin structure; and effect of activators and repressors on assembly of initiation complexes (Lodish et al. 368). Regulation of transcription initiation is the most widespread form of gene control in eukaryotes. However, in some cases, transcription may be attenuated and regulated at subsequent steps, such as during or after the transcription process (Cooper ...

Turner’s syndrome is a disease that usually affects females. It occurs when one of the X chromosomes (out of the pair of two XX chromosomes) of a female is either missing completely or partially. It can lead to huge numbers of developmental problems and medical complications. Some of the presenting features are short stature, delayed puberty, infertility, defects in the cardiovascular system, inability to grasp or learn new things and problems with social adjustments. The disease can be diagnosed in the gestational phase of the female or during early years of life. It is a rare occurrence that ...

Dwarfism is defined as a physical disorder that is characterized by short stature and inability of a person to achieve a minimum height of 148 cm in his or her adulthood. Dwarfism has several types and various etiologies. The reasons of it might be genetic, metabolic or constitutional. Nowadays there are approximately 100 kinds of dwarfism, however none of these kinds is common because dwarfism occurs only in 0.5 to 1.5 births per 10000. In general there are two main qualifications of dwarfism. The first qualification relates to patients with short stature but proportionate and normal trunk-to-limb ratio. The ...

Abstract

This paper discusses how exercise stimulates the release of growth hormone. Older people tend to have lower levels of the hormone. As a result, mechanisms have been formulated to help deal with the deficiency which includes inducing the growth hormone into the individual’s body. This, therefore, leads to the discussion of the exact mechanism through which the growth hormone facilitates exercise, maintains growth and repair of worn out muscles or even reverses the aging process among the aged. Also, the functions of IGF-I binding proteins during exercise and its importance in aiding the release of the GH is ...