Essays on Hypochlorite

Cruetzfeldt Jacob Syndrome (CJD) is a fatal disease affecting humans and is caused by infectious proteins called prions. It belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalomyelitis group of diseases. The disease occurs from the accumulation of prions PrSc that damages the brain cells. CJD can occur in a hereditary form or as an acquired form. The hereditary form results from a dominant mutation affecting prion protein gene (PrP). CJD is a communicable disease. Acquired infection occurs through iatrogenic transmission from hospital. Contaminated instruments used in surgery’s are an important cause for transmission in iatrogenic infection. The disease can also be ...

Introducing the Microorganism

Candida albicans is a human microbiome member. It is opportunistic in nature and exists as a non- harmful resident of the genitourinary tract in 70% and of oral cavity in 75% of humans. It has shown opportunistic behaviour leading to infections in case of individuals whose immune system is compromised (immunocompromised). C. albicans is mainly responsible for 2 types of infection: superficial candidiasis like vulvovaginal or oral infections and systemic life-threatening infections. C. albicans has been observed to cause vulvovaginal candidiasis in approximately 75% of women. C. albicans is an obligate and diploid organism possessing 8 pairs of chromosomes, ...

Chlorine is used in water treatment to reduce or eradicate microorganisms, for instance, bacteria or viruses found in water (EPA, 2011). The use of chlorine for the treatment of drinking water has significantly reduced the risks or exposures to water-borne infections or diseases. Besides, the supplies of safe or treated drinking water are paramount for the health as well as the general well-being of the public. Untreated water sources, for example, streams, boreholes, dams, wells, or rain water can harbor certain harmful or dangerous microorganisms, which when consumed may cause serious infections such as cholera, dysentery, or typhoid, as ...

Applying the precautionary principle to consumer household cleaning product

Development. Summary Precautionary principle, which can be summarized as when an activity raises the threat of harm to human and the environment, preventive actions should be taken even if some cause and effect relationship are not fully established scientifically, is the common principle used to guide in managing scientific uncertainty in ingredient safety assessment (Cara , 2011). The available registered disinfectants in the consumer market are quaternary ammonium, sodium hypochlorite and Triclosan. However, there is a possibility of existence of the relation between these disinfectants and human health and environmental issues. Triclosan is a spectrum anti-microbial found in anti-bacterial ...

Introduction of the research project

The purpose of this article was to assess the rate at which bacteria contaminate the surface of ventilator equipment and other equipment being used by the hospital for the patients care. The implications of this study are many, as there are many microorganisms that can grown on environmental surfaces and causes severe bacterial infections in the patient. The hypothesis is that the use of 75% alcohol will decrease the contamination rate of mechanical ventilator systems.

Methods

The study was done at Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taipei City, which has a 15- bed respiratory care center. All patients included in this study ...

Short title- Effects of Groundwater Contamination

Full title- Effects of Groundwater contamination on water quality utilized for drinking purposes Lab 2 - Experiment 1: Effects of Groundwater Contamination Hypothesis: Laundry detergent is responsible for causing maximum groundwater contamination due to the presence of components like, surfactants containing Alkylbenzenesulphonates and bleaches containing Sodium hypochlorite, and bleach activators containing Tetraacetylethylenediamine.

Post-Lab Questions

- Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know?

As per our hypothesis, laundry detergent is responsible for causing maximum groundwater contamination.

Yes, our hypothesis was confirmed. This was because of the physical presence of foam and soapy and grassy smell in the water which was mixed with laundry detergent and passed ...

Water

Because of its ubiquitous nature, water, stands out as a pertinent necessity for life. Virtually every single cell requires water for nourishment and for elimination of toxic substances. To perform such life dependent duties, water is endowed with exceptionally unique properties; properties that range from its heat and electrical conductivities, anomalous expansion to its density, viscosity and most importantly its impeccable dielectric strength in addition to its polarity that gives it the ability to dissolve a plethora of compounds that cannot be dissolved by other solvents.

One of the most significant unique properties of water is its polarity. Water is a polar ...

Nearly half of the population in Massachusetts channel their sewage to MWRA at the Boston harbour for treatment. Waste reaches the plant through three different pipes that function mostly by force of gravity or by pumps in low altitude regions. At the sewage plant the waste undergoes two treatment processes categorized as primary and secondary (Deer Island). However, before treatment commences there is preliminary treatment of the waste where a grit chamber will be used to separate Mud and Silt from the sewage waste. The mud and silt are transferred to a landfill for environmentally safe disposal. The importance of pre-treatment ...