Essays on Meningitis

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I underwent a recent event which was quite traumatic in the beginning but turned out to be positive and peaceful at the end. We went to the mountainous area to enjoy the winter season and to witness the snowfall with the entire family. We were driving ourself in our own cars rather than hiring the public transportation or private pool cars. This was a long journey which required a lot of stamina and patience because it was a long drive for the men that they were not used to doing. We ...

The paper differentiates endocarditis from meningitis. Besides, it offers a description of transmission, signs, symptoms, at risk groups, treatments, as well as prognosis of these two diseases. Endocarditis denotes a disease of the heart’s valves or chambers inner lining (Chan, & Embil, 2006). On the contrary, meningitis denotes meninges’ inflammation (Shmaefsky & Babcock, 2010). Meninges is a collective term for pia mater, dura mater, as well as arachnoid mater, which are membranes covering the brain as well as spinal cord (Shmaefsky & Babcock, 2010).

Transmission of Endocarditis and Meningitis

Endocarditis results when fungi, bacteria, or other pathogens invade the bloodstream and infect abnormal regions of the ...

Application of Decision-Making Models in Ethical Dilemma

Application of Decision-Making Models in Ethical Dilemma An ethical dilemma is normally a complicated situation when a person is fixed to choose what to do between tow equally important things, thereby engaging in a mental conflict that forces him to obey one and going against the other (Corley et al., 2005). In this case, a 6-yrs old child has been rushed to the hospital, only to be diagnosed with meningitis. The illness requires an immediate treatment, but according to the professional code of ethics, a doctor cannot initiate a treatment without consulting either the patient or the parents. Given ...

Roseola also known as exanthema subitum or Sixth disease is a viral infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) common in infants and young children. The pathognomonic sign of roseola infantum is the development of acute high fever and febrile seizure. Commonly after defervescence, a rubelliform eruption or rash occurs. A clinical exam is needed to diagnose roseola and the treatment is symptomatic (Caserta, 2014). To patients who are immunosuppressed, HHV-6 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. HHV-6B can also cause CNS disease in these immunocompromised patients ("Roseola Infantum", 2016).

Pathophysiology

The transmission of the HHV-6 is airborne, ...

Ethical dilemma arises when there is conflict between ethical principles (Tigerman, 2008). The common ethical dilemma that arises in nursing include: What is the fair or just solution to this problem or to whom do I have a duty towards? When such situations arise in practice, the ability to solve the dilemma in an ethical way is very important. Ethical decision making will help to direct the nurse to the right course of action in such situations. It can also help to analyze the decision made by others in a similar situation. A person’s personal standards of right ...

Headache is a common complaint that afflicts most of the adult population at some point in their lives (Hainer & Matheson, 2013). Headaches are by and large a subjective phenomenon with few objectively measurable factors (McMurtray & Saito, 2014). Most headaches will be the benign, but a small percentage will indicate an underlying neurologic or systemic pathology (Hainer & Matheson, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the chief complaint, “I have headaches or a headache.” The paper will discuss the objective and subjective data that needs to be collected, headache triggers and drug treatments, and the health promotion strategies ...

Part A:

1) Filobasidiella neoformans 2) Cryptococcus neoformans 3) Christensen’s Urea agar 4) Person to person through inhaling the aerosol droplets. Part B: Similarities and individualities between Cryptococcus sp. vs Histoplasma sp. Cryptococcus sp. belongs to basidiomycetes that consist of dimorphic life cycles, one is prominent yeast form and second is the hyphal form that produces infectious basidiospores. Similarly, Histoplasma sp. also is a dimorphic fungus with yeast forms and hyphal forms. These both species are responsible for meningoencephalitis and meningitis that is caused by its encapsulated form. The most prevalent etiologic agent of Cryptococcus sp. is Cryptococcus neoformans while ...

Introduction

SBS or Shaken Baby Syndrome is a major brain injury that results from forceful shaking of a toddler or infant. Shaken Baby Syndrome is a result of direct blow/s to a child’s head due to throwing or dropping, or sometimes shaking a child. Since, infants’ anatomy puts them at risk for injury from such actions; several victims of SBS are under 1 year old. The autopsy reveals several details such as the presence of white matter contusion tears, diffuse axonal injury, subdural hematoma, and galeal skull fracture, contusion on the front skull and a linear skull fracture. But, ...

List of Figures

Figure 1: Personal Hygiene advocacy Figure 2: Creating awareness on HIV Figure 3: EMS Ambulance in Action

Executive Summary/ Abstract

SoCal-Care is an organization which was formed in the year 2011 by a group of twenty medical students from the Texas Medical School. The main aim of this group was to help the people in the society, especially women, and small children, by giving them assistance to attain medical care. The group of students came together due to the various medical problems that women and children faced in various parts of the world. The group of students sets their mission to assist ...

The two companies in the case study present a clear situation where the False Claim Act is applicable. Indeed, it should, however, be noted that the issues emanating are far beyond the False Claim and border on even greater criminal offenses such as murder, causing grievous bodily harm and torts like negligence and strict liability. However, for purposes of this paper, the discussion shall be limited to the application of the False Claim Act, otherwise, known as the Lincoln Law. In the ensuing discussion, the paper shall capture the application of the Act, the mistakes committed by both companies, the ...

1. What microorganism do you believe is to blame for this illness (be specific)? Provide background information on this organism, history, morphology, virulence factors, toxins

Hemophilus Influenza is a cocobacillus that is small, pleomorphic and is gram-negative. It is non-motile and does not form spores. It is also a facultative anaerobe. Some strains of Hemophilus influenza have a capsule composed of polysaccharide (Deverajan, 2012), (CDC, 2013). There are 6 different stereotypes of the virus, labeled a-f. This division is based on the biochemical differences in the capsules (Deverajan, 2012). Some strains of Hemophilus Influenza do not possess capsules and are therefore referred to as nonencapsulated Hemophilus Influenza. They are also sometimes called nontypeable Hemophilus influenza. Identification of the different strains is done by slide agglutination for stereotyping ( ...

Each year, parents and students alike often worry about the extremely high costs attached to funding a high-quality education from top-notch and respected colleges and universities. From tuition fees to miscellaneous fees, budgeting is crucial to save money, and secure student future. A part of the miscellaneous fee is the living expenses of a college student, who can be given the choice of staying in campus or commuting at home. Some students opt to stay in the campus residences because they believe that it is much cheaper than commuting back home. For international students, this has been their only option to ...

Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is an infection that affects the meninges, the cerebrospinal fluid and the spinal cord that causes death and disability in a number of people worldwide. This is a highly contagious airborne disease that is spread through the transmission of three organisms present in the respiratory secretions: Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The onset or origins of the disease varies among different age groups and geographic locations. According to estimates, 200,000 people die annually of meningitis. Case fatality rates vary with age at time of illness and also depend on the particular bacterial strain causing the infection ( ...

Telephone interviews- a situation arises when the phone interviews are convenient for the participant’s e.g. different localities. Online surveys- efficient for collection and management of accurate data. It will facilitate advanced analysis and reporting concerning meningitis. Existing data- the available data may have been collected for research purposes. It is efficient since no costs are involved. 2) How would you gain accurate information about your outcome/exposure of interest? By performing an in-depth analysis and looking for substance-specific information. If you are actively collecting data what questions would you ask? Do we have the necessary expertise ...

Nursing

Abstract In preparation for the research paper on various funeral practices across 10 different cultures, we have identified the basic criteria by which we will classify those practices by a method of comparison and contrast. The riskiest funeral ritual identified occurs in Indonesia where the family may wrap the body and keep it at home until for weeks, months, or even years. The corpse is also treated as a sick family member and may be involved in the family daily routines. Keywords: infections, hygiene, vaccinations According to Healing, T., Hoffman, P., & Young, S. (1995), most of the infections ...

Re-Evaluating Cost Effectiveness Of Universal Meningitis Vaccination (Bexsero) In England: Modeling Study

This Pharmaeconomic study deals with the re-evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of universally applied meningitis vaccination. The test case was conducted in England and utilizes a modeling approach to statistically develop a conclusion that addresses the study problem. The objective of the study is to utilize both a mathematical and an economic model that will be used in predicting the economic impact of the use of the Bexsero vaccine, which is identified as the universal preventive medication for protecting people from group B meningitis (meningococcal disease). The economic and mathematical models will predict the epidemiological aspect of the vaccine use as well. The ...

Abstract

It has come to our attention that Prisons overcrowding is a major problem facing many countries across the world. The situation, prisons overcrowding, continues to worsen as time passes by, hence calling for an immediate action by the government before the situation gets out of control. Through a literature review, is depicted that cells that were once meant for one offender at the present accommodate more than two offenders. Problems arise as a result of this issue (Prisons overcrowding) such as the outbreak of diseases, such as acute respiratory infections, meningitis, tuberculosis, or cholera. Through a literature review, it is depicted that ...

Asepsis

Microorganisms are the tiny microscopic structures that cannot be seen with naked eyes. They are present on all the living things and also in the environment. Some of these microorganisms are non pathogenic that is they do not cause any disease. However, many of the microorganisms are pathogenic in nature. The pathogenic microorganisms can cause disease or infections. Absence of these pathogenic microorganisms is known as asepsis.

Importance of asepsis

Asepsis is usually carried out in the laboratory mostly while dealing with microorganisms. The techniques used to carry out asepsis are known as aseptic techniques. If aseptic conditions are not maintained in ...

Regulation of body pH occurs either through pH regulation or pH compensation. Regulation occurs as a combined effort of buffer systems, and respiratory and renal systems. Normal metabolism produces acidic wastes, for example, carbonic and lactic acid. These products increase acidity of body fluids and cause a shift in body pH away from the normal alkaline nature. Buffers help to prevent the shift towards an acidosis, and hence maintain pH of the blood and the body. Buffers also facilitate maintenance of narrow pH ranges of body fluids. Maintenance of this narrow range is crucial since biochemical reactions are affected by concentration ...

Response to question A

Generalized seizures affect both portions of the cerebral hemisphere whereas partial seizures are limited to a particular area within the cerebellum that has been damaged. For example temporal lobe seizures can manifest as mystical expressions and may be misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. The etiology of both generalized and partial seizures can be due to accidents hereditary- genetic ion channel/ receptor defects; brain damage due to infection. However, partial seizures occurring from underlying conditions such meningitis, high fever, concussion or chemical excitation as side effects of drugs are not classified as epileptic seizures even though they may develop later into that state. ...

Edwin’s symptoms of high fever, a stiff neck, and severe headaches indicate that he suffers from meningitis. Although Edwin does not report any other sick students that live with him, meningitis is not as contagious as the flu (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011), so it is possible that there will be no outbreak among the residents in his fraternity house. While meningitis is associated with high leukocyte counts, that piece of information is not relevant for distinguishing the type of meningitis. Further diagnostic tests are required to identify other factors that will allow a clear distinction between ...

Group work project

Q. 1)

Group discussions are essential in any school setup since it aids students to grasp the content better. My participation in group work made me understand so many things about post-meningitic hearing loss management. Although I had read and done a lot of research in this field, I still did not have the full facts about this condition. One aspect, which I fully grasped during the group work, was the nature and causes of this condition. Although I had some idea on the possible causes and symptoms of the condition, I understood these aspects better because the group members ...