Essays on Statistical Significance

Results/ Data Analysis

1. Were the analysis undertaken to address each research question and hypothesis? The analyses were adequately done to address all the hypotheses in the study. Four hypotheses are guiding the study (Annesi and Mareno, 2015): 2. Were the appropriate statistical methods, given the level of measurement of variables, the number of groups being compared, and assumptions of the statistical test? Appropriate statistical methods were used for the analysis of the data gathered during the study. First, regression analysis was used to assess the prediction of emotional eating by body satisfaction at baseline. A multiple regression analysis was also ...

Doctor

ABSTRACT Young people in the United States are battling depression in record numbers, reaching an all-time high of 3 million patients in 2015. Researchers are continuing to search for alternative or additional methods than therapy and medications to improve depressive symptoms in teenagers and young adults. Some studies have demonstrated that as possible option in easing depression is physical exercise. In addition to assisting mental health issues, exercise promotes social interaction, physical health, and appearance. However, research has focused primarily on adults and therefore additional studies are needed with focus on the impact of exercise on depression in young ...

Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

A00493777 Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

Introduction

According to a recent presentation by The Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength and stamina, and it is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as other health ...

The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States proposal

Introduction According to a recent presentation by The Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength, stamina and is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as other health related complications (Azevedo Da Silva et al., 2012). Thus implementing a regular physical activity ...

The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

Prospectus: The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States Introduction According to a recent presentation by The Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength, stamina and is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as ...

The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States

Prospectus: The Association between Physical Activity and Level of Depression among Youths in the United States Introduction According to a recent presentation by The Center for Disease and Control and Prevention, frequent physical activity among youths and adolescents is an important factor in enhancing strength, stamina and is helpful in building healthy bones and muscles (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). It was also discovered that physical activities are a critical factor in reducing stress and depression among the youths. Failing to engage in regular physical activity has been established to cause obesity and overweight as well as ...

Abstract

The current government has consistently been trying to reduce the costs of healthcare and at the same time improve its quality. This paper focuses on the current state of healthcare through an extensive research on the population. The research uses a cross sectional design to collect data and come up with relevant conclusions. The research project aimed at using a homogenous population to come up with accurate results. Such a population involves participants who have the same knowledge about the subject. Such participants are easily obtained through a referral process where one participant refers another. A total of 50 ...

Psychology

Introduction The use of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing as a statistical tool for research methods in psychology became a center of debate because of the perceived errors, which was associated to the misuse of the method and erroneous conclusion in some of the published scholarly journals. Many scholarly journal publishers particularly those that are specialized in the field social psychology suggests to ban the use of NHST and the Basic and Applied Social Psychology (BASP) acted upon on this call. On the other hand, proponents of NHST argue that the problem is not with the technique, but with the ...

Abstract

In this case, we illustrate the application of multiple regression in economics. We gather data on the unemployment rate (dependent variable) and three independent variables; GDP per capita, maximum weekly unemployment benefit and population estimate for 2015. The data is collected from 39 different states. Regression analysis results show that there is a positive association between the unemployment rate and GDP per capita and population estimate. The relationship between unemployment rate and maximum weekly benefits is inverse. The evaluation of the reliability of the first-order model shows that it has a small coefficient of determination. The first-order model is ...

This essay concentrates on ways of analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. On one hand, there are two primary ways of analyzing qualitative information. First, the researcher can explore their findings with a pre-determined study framework that reflects the aims and objectives of the study. This method allows the researcher to concentrate on particular response descriptions and ignores the rest. The second approach is the thematic network analysis. This approach requires that the researcher codes all data and allow for quantitative interpretations (Abeyasekera, 2006). However, there exist numerous ways of analyzing quantitative data. Some of them are as follows. First, ...

Executive Summary

The objective was to compare effects of GnRH antagonist and standard long protocol agonist on number, and the quality of Metaphase II oocytes, and on reducing risk of hyperstimulation, in patients who are affected by Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinopathy of the women who are in reproductive age, which is a first cause of the anovulation. GnRH agonists are used in the IVF to avoid premature LH surge before the retrieval of oocyte. Research findings from this study can be significant to various Centers for Reproductive Medicine, and also to all the institutions that practice ART. ...

1. A t-test would be of help in comparing the two different groups' blood pressure average before and after being subjected to the drug. The difference will be meaningful and real if:

The responses are constantly close enough to the average value with a low standard deviation from the mean value. The differences between the averages are large.

The t test effect size and the t test statistical significance are the two primary outputs of the t test. Statistical significance helps indicate whether the difference existing between sample averages represents actual differences between my populations (my two group ...

Type 1 and Type II Errors

The fundamental goal of research aims at testing the truthfulness of the null hypothesis. However, type 1 and type 2 errors may result from the process of testing the hypothesis. These errors negate the results of the study, consequently; this means that the results do not reflect the true condition. Type 1 error results from rejecting a true null hypothesis, while type 2 error results when a false-null hypothesis is accepted. For example, supposing that the research hypothesis is that drug A improves brain capacity for schizophrenia patients above 60 years. If a study is conducted to establish whether drug A is ...

1.2 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH: The purpose of this research is to investigate and analyze both the theoretical and practical issues related to customer purchasing behavior in the telecommunication sector. This paper will also seek to identify the most critical elements that influence a customer's behavior and buying decisions, as well as to examine the relationship between a particular service's attributes and an individual's characteristics. It is hoped this research will provide a better understanding of how customers perceive telecom service in Oman, which could help telecom operators to better invest in ways that would positively influence future consumer behavior. ...

Article Review on Financial Econometrics

Cambridge University Article Review on Financial Econometrics For the article review assignment, I have chosen the article ‘Inflation and Real Stock Returns Revisited’ by Shu-Chin Lin, published in the refereed journal Economic Inquiry in 2009. The article addresses the topic of relationship between real stock returns and inflation, aiming to obtain the empirical evidence of the effect of different dimensions of inflation (including anticipated inflation, unexpected inflation, and inflation uncertainty) on the real stock returns. The motivation for the study arises from the inconsistencies between the generalized Fisher hypothesis and the empirical findings of the previous ...

Statistical significance refers to a statistic being reliable; it does not mean that the data gathered would certainly have any decision making utility. It allows the researcher to compute the level of strength of the relationship between two or more variables. For instance, the extent of the significance of a relationship can be evaluated using statistical significance analysis. The statistical tests help provide the “p-value” that represents the probability of a random chance to explain the findings. In most cases, values less than 5% are considered to be statistically significant. The concept of statistical significance can be understood using the following ...

Exam 1

- In experimental studies, the subjects receive treatment and are observed, and a control group is used to verify the effect of the intervention performed on the experimental group. On the other hand, in non -experimental studies, the subjects are not subjected to any process of treatment. In this study, the subjects have not received any treatment at all and data is collected from archived secondary sources. Additionally, experiments usually have both dependent and independent variables. Finally, experiments involve randomization of the sample population into groups which are later to be subjected to specifically defined treatment. This is a non-experimental design. ...

2001 and 2005 Database for Virginia Hospitals 2001 and 2005 Database for Virginia Hospitals Statistical tests conducted examined changes in 11 variables for the years 2001-2005 occurred in Virginia’s hospitals. The observations were made with the help of t-test of paired two samples for means. A t-test statistical significance indicates whether the difference between average values of the two groups reflects a difference in the populations from which the two samples were taken. A conclusion about statistical significance is made on the basement of the sample size, the size of the difference between average values of the ...

Method

Research Design The key variables in the study are the method of serving nutritional supplement drinks, which is the independent variable, and its effect on compliance and consumption which are the primary dependent variables (Allen, Methven & Gosney, 2014). Nutritional status is a secondary dependent variable. The research problem was communicated well. The authors provided an introduction on the issue of the risk of or actual undernutrition among older adults and the health consequences. They detailed how oral supplementation is an evidence-based medical nutrition therapy to prevent or treat undernutrition but that poor compliance is a barrier to adequate consumption limiting ...

Question 1

The objective of the study by Messina Daniel, Scotti Dennis, Ganey, Rodney and Zipp Pinto was to assess the relationship between patient admission and satisfaction in both teaching and non-teaching hospitals. It was to answer the questions whether patients’ satisfaction differ in teaching and nonteaching hospital and how the satisfaction is influenced by admissions. Consequently, the most important statistical technique used in answering this question was Spearman correlation analysis. However, other statistical techniques that include descriptive statistics, test of normality, and hypothesis testing were employed to help in better understanding of the results. The study established that there ...

- Where did you find the research article? Did experts in the field review it before it was published? The research article was published in the Journal of Education for Business in 2011 . The paper was classified as peer-reviewed, therefore, validating that it was reviewed by experts in the filed before it was published. - Does the article have a stated research question or problem? That is, can you determine the focus of this author’s work? If so, what is the stated research question or problem?

Research Question 2: What values do students place on interview traits? ...

Introduction

The study intended to compare the academic performance of male students and female students. The variable for measuring performance was the GPA of individual students. Therefore, the study sought to compare the GPA of male students and the GPA of female students. The study used a sample instead of the population. Population refers to all elements that are of interest to the researcher whereas a sample is a sub-section of the population. In this case, there were two populations of interest to the researcher. The two populations were all male students in the school and all female students in the school.A sample ...

Essay #1. The research questions for this experiment involved the relative effectiveness of a shot and a nasal spray in keeping people from getting the flu. The hypothesis appears to have been that there would not be a significant difference between the two, with an eye toward proving that the nasal spray is just as effective as the shot. A nasal spray would be easier to deliver to patients and therefore more salable. 16 percent of the people who took the shot ended up getting the flu, while 24 percent got the flu in spite of the shot. This is a significant level ...

Introduction

Memory is imperative not only for students to pass examinations but to everybody in daily life. The more critical the information is, the greater the predisposition to encode and recall it. Retaining the names and other particulars of people who are essential to us improves our personal, professional as well as social life. Loss of memory or low memory can really cost an individual hence the importance of having a high memory (Kelly & Delta, 2008). There are various memory improvement techniques that have scientifically been proven to work. This report seeks to establish whether eating chocolates can help boost ...

The aim of this study is to quantify ED-generated follow-up adherence rates amongst white, Black American, and Hispanic patients discharged from the ED of a managed care system.

Problem Statement

Previous studies have established that the adherence rates to ED-generated referrals are below par. These rates range between 26% and 56% amongst different ED populations (Kyriacou et al., 2005) even though higher (68 and 71.4%) and lower (17%) rates have been reported (Friedman, Dios, & Hannenman, 2010; Saroff, Dell, & Brown, 2001). The reasons for the poor compliance have also been identified. Amongst the commonly cited reasons is the problem of accessibility due to ...

Survey monkey tool was used facilitate responses of the questionnaire instrument. This has its unique data analysis technique. Specific to Monkey Surveys’ retrieval and processing of data are five steps, which ought to be followed distinctly. First it is viewing the survey responses. All responses pertaining to each page are saved. They are then displayed in the analyze section when the navigation button is clicked by respondents. After this mechanism the next survey page shows up. Here three types of data are be scrutinized. They are the response summary; individual responses (where the research has access to soft that ...

The survey targets healthcare workers in hospitals across the nation. They will voluntarily submit to the survey in order to expose their most recent knowledge concerning the nursing shortage. They have been allowed to volunteer at chance as no selected times were chosen for the survey. The respondents targeted could be from any category of the general healthcare community and as noted above will share one more characteristics that are shared and is relative to the nursing community and related by the claim of knowledge concerning the nursing community. In the spirit of the quantitative simple designed research ...

This is an analysis that determines the relationship that exists between two variables: price and quantity demanded. (Linoff, 2008). The pizza company intends to establish a firm at the National Harbor in Washington DC. The firm carries out a regression analysis to determine the relationship between price and quantity of pizza. The sample data on the variables was collected for a period of thirty days. The simple linear regression model may be represented by the equation below: Y= B0 + B1X Y= Quantity of pizza. B0= autonomous demand B1 = Demand that depends on the price. X= Price of a ...

Article Review: The Causes of Cerebral Desaturation in

Article Review: The Causes of Cerebral Desaturation in The study by Brinkman, Amadeo, Funk, and Grocott (2013) investigated cerebral desaturation, which frequently occurs in one-lung ventilation procedures for thoracic surgery and is possibly caused by lower cardiac output. The aim of the study was to explore the correlation between decreases in cerebral oxygen saturation that occurs in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation and decreased cardiac output. Although cerebral oxygen saturation was lowered in all of the participants, the researchers did not have statistically significant data that could be used to establish a correlation between cerebral desaturation and cardiac output, so ...

Literature Review

A literature review is a critical part of any research. Bernard (2000) emphasizes that neglecting this part can lead to a “wasting a lot of time going over already covered ground, and having your colleagues ignore your work because you didn't do your homework (p.87).” Hofstee (2006) provide a guide on how to complete a dissertation on time and this document identifies six items that he considers the main purposes of the literature review. These are general purposes of literature review which pertains to (a) credentials; (b) theory base; (c) context; (d) significance; and (e) originality. Further in this section is a brief discussion of how literature ...

Accounting is by itself indeed information to various parties in an organization who includes management, employees, as well as external parties such as the suppliers and government. It provides information concerning various aspects of needs in the organization and outside the organization. The accounting information provides the basis for making most of the crucial decisions in the organization. Accounting information processing is a branch of accounting information system, which is mainly concerned with the processing of information collected and stored. The accounting information is obtained from the daily activities done by organizations named as accounting transactions. The process derives the ...

Interpretation of Statistical Significance of a Study

Postoperative pain is a common thing in the surgery world. Patients go through lots of pain after undergoing surgery; this is after the pain killing drugs are no longer effective in the human body. The pain has to be managed or at least controlled. Managing post operative pain will lead to the patients having short stints in hospital, low hospital costs, early mobilization, less suffering and patient satisfaction. Usually, the ways of managing postoperative pain ranges from patient to patient depending on the kind of surgery, patient’s personal preference and other personal factors like age, gender, physical and psychological ...

Abstract

Annual wages of the employees are studied for their relation with several dependent variables to identify the most factors most impacting the variation in the annual wages. This paper attempts to analyze and establish the relationship of annual wages with the number of years of experience. Annual wages are considered to be a function of number of years of experience and there’s assumed to be a positive correlation. This paper tests the relationship using linear regression analysis method between the two variables. Annual wages is considered as the dependent variable and number of years of employment is taken as the ...

Introduction

Statistical analysis is very vital to every organization as it shows where a company is coming from and where it heading to thus helping it to strategize in order to increase its profitability. The prices of gas have been on the rise in the recent past and it has become very difficult for the consumers and the suppliers to predict the future performance of the gas prices. It is very important for any party involved in the supply of gas to carry out a statistical analysis of the gas prices and also determine the reaction of the consumers. This will help ...