Essays on Theory

What are the characteristics of the three types of research designs?

Qualitative, quantitative and mixed-method research designs encompasses distinct characteristics. Qualitative research focuses on immature concepts that lack fundamental theories and previous research. In addition, this research method is being used in the absence of quantitative measures. Existing theories that are conspicuously biased, inappropriate and inaccurate needs further exploration to clearly describe a phenomenon. Quantitative research method on the other hand encompasses understanding of the extent of influence that variables and factors have on a predicted outcome. In addition, the approach advances the research through a theory test. Lastly, Mixed-method research possesses the characteristic of having a need to establish ...

Globalization refers to the international integration process that arises from interchange of products, world views as well as ideas (Boudreaux, 2008). This element has been extremely significant in the definition of various issues that have arisen. It has been extremely significant in the development of various national policies that have been useful in definition of business among people in the world. One of the main policies that have been developed is Free Trade. This is a policy through which a government allows imports and exports for all countries without tariffs, subsidies as well as quotas. Free trade policy being ...

Scientific Method steps

Several ways can be used to state scientific method and the exact scientific method steps depend on how the steps are broken. However, the basic steps involves making observations, coming up with observation explanation using hypothesis proposal, testing validity of the explanation by designing and performing an experiment, and accepting or rejecting the given explanation through data analysis if necessary and even try coming up with a better one. The scientific method steps are important because they attempt to minimize prejudice or biasness in the experimenter. Even a scientist with best intentions cannot escape bias. Bias originates from cultural ...

Abstract

The following article is a task paper that requires answering enlisted questions and draw inferences from the facts to answer the questions. This article aims at a better understanding of aspects of women’s psychology through answers to the questions asked.

Discussion

Q. Define and discuss access discrimination that women face in the workplace. Compare the experiences of men and women with respect to the glass ceiling, sticky floor and glass escalator. A. Women face many forms of discriminations at workplaces which include substantial pay bias between women and men working on equivalent duties, gender oriented ...

Economics studies the decisions people make in their daily lives. This study of the choices individuals make brings to mind visions of charts, statistics and equations. These are aspects of sciences which rely on mathematical analysis to prove theories and hypotheses. It leads to the conclusion that economics is, indeed, a science. Economists use scientific methods to derive their conclusions. Like scientific researches, economists devise theories to conduct researches. They then collect and analyze data to verify or refute claims in the presumptions. They use observations and theories to conclude on their postulates like other sciences. The only difference ...

Learning is key to human development and behavior. Behavioral psychology is one of the methods for understanding how learning develops and the understanding of individuals. Learning is a modification of behaviors due to consistent practice and requires the interaction of behavior and environment to yield changes. Assessment of learning is performed by means of tests that quantitatively measure achievements; whether they are newly acquired mental or physical skills. Learning and performance are related but separate subjects, and learning itself may be state dependent, meaning, that the conditions under which material was learned must be replicated in order for that ...

The internet is very vast, universal and very hard to govern because of its decentralised nature. In its management two key issues arise. One is the digital rights management and also fair use doctrine of digital media. The former is simply a management scheme of digital data through limiting control of the data by the one holding it using a computer program. It restricts sharing through copying. This helps to limit use of the media and also increases amount of revenue generated through the media. The latter on the other hand is a doctrine about freedom of use of ...

1. Imagine that a company is entering foreign markets for the first time with a new product. Explain how that company would act and react using the “calm waters” metaphor and the “white water rapids” metaphor. Under what conditions would each be successful?

Penetrating into a new market is a tough exercise and it is even worse when the product is new. However, with the “Calm waters” metaphor the company should restructure its state in a way advantageous to it has a permanent goal of sustainable profits or other achievements in future. In this case, the company should make ...

Fredrick Taylor developed the scientific management theory to increase economic efficiency by improving labor productivity among workers. The phrase ‘scientific management’ is derived from the systematic and observational ways used to analyze and arrange work for regular members in industries. The theory, which is based on facts, was proposed in 1930’s, but it is still applicable to date. Taylor argued that the aim of an organization should be to maximize the employer’s prosperity and improve on employees’ productivity level (Tompkins, 2005, p.26). There are four principles attached to the theory of scientific management: development of scientific methods, ...

Abstract

Mathematical statistics is a science that develops mathematical methods and systematic use of statistics for scientific and practical conclusions. In many of his areas of mathematical statistics is based on probability theory to gauge the reliability and accuracy of the findings made on the basis of limited statistical data (eg, to estimate the required sample size to produce the results desired accuracy in a sample survey). Allocate descriptive statistics, theory of estimation and hypothesis testing theory. Descriptive statistics is a set of empirical methods used for the visualization and interpretation of data (calculation ...

The Classical Approach theory was developed in the 19th century as an approach to place reliance on various management elements such as division of labor, unity of command and delegation to establish various relationships between subordinates and authority. Classical management can be divided into three areas: scientific management, bureaucratic management and administrative theory. The major contributors to these three management thoughts are Henry Fayol, Max Weber and Frederic W. The classical approach is mainly concerned with increasing efficiency in workplaces on management practice and efficiency of workers. This theory therefore focuses on enhancing workforce, labor and management efficiency in ...

There is no universally accepted definition for the term personality among different psychologists. This is why they have developed different unique theories about personality. However, the term personality can be defined as a given pattern with relatively permanent and unique features which provide individuality and consistency to an individual’s life. It is prudent to note that different psychologist have come up with different theories of personality. However, the father of personality theory still remains to be Sigmund Freud. This is because he was the first person to develop the theory of personality and that other psychologists just borrowed ...

- Find an outline an example of one economic policy/practice from any country that fits into the realist perspective of IPE. Don’t all choose the same country

The great example of the economic policy in realist context is Russian gas policy. Currently Russia uses its neighbor Ukraine to deliver gas to Europe, however the emergence of new projects for Russian gas exports to Europe provoked the gas conflict between Russia and Ukraine, which began at the turn of 2005-2006. Then Ukraine created obstacles to the free transit of Russian gas to Europe. Particularly acute gas war was at the ...

The statistical methods covered in chapter 23 of the book “Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice” by Polit and Beck (2012) relates to qualitative research, which is categorized as a type of research method highly characterized with an in depth analysis or review of a phenomenon and the reasons behind its occurrences (Polit & Beck, 2012). Like elucidated ,this type of research method technically involves formulation of a conceptual and theoretical framework or assumptions, and its specifically used in research studies in need of establishing participants experiences and descriptions ,and meanings to certain variables via investigation of ...

In the Context of human and personality development, the role of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theories cannot be underrated. The psychoanalytic theory seeks to explain the personality of an individual by analyzing the various psychosexual stages involved during their personal development. Central to the theories of psychoanalytic are the efforts of Sigmund Fred who proposed that people mostly operates from three distinct states of being: the id which seeks self-gratification; the superego which seeks to do what is morally right; and the ego, the rational mediator between id and the superego (Fred, 2011). These theories are vital in defining the ...

Theories of Criminology and Deviance

Kraska, P. (2006). Criminal justice theory: Toward legitimacy and an infrastructure. Justice Quarterly, 23 (2), 168-185.

The article offers great and valuable information regarding the criminal justice theories that play a leading role in promoting justice in several criminal systems around the world. The source deals with the criminal justice theory, which deals with crime rates and crime. The article points out the fact that pursuing criminal justice is in some cases implicitly, and tacitly, referred to the narrow responsibility of descriptive and evaluative scholarship.

Thus, this article explores the details for the field’s failure ...

Juvenile delinquency has become a common societal issue since the early 60s. By definition, juvenile delinquency broadly refers to criminal acts that have been committed by individuals under the age of 18 years. Much debate and research revolves around the cause of juvenile delinquency and this is triggered by the prevalence of juvenile delinquency. In this paper, I will seek to look at the prevalence of juvenile delinquency by giving facts and figures to support arguments made. The different theories that explain juvenile delinquency shall be highlighted and the most accurate explained based on the data.

The cause of ...

Question 1

The solar system is situated in the outer reaches of the Milky Way Galaxy. The Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral way and is made up of over two hundred billion stars. The Milky Way Galaxy has many arms which are named for the constellations seen in those directions. Examples of the spiral arms within the Milky Way galaxy include the Sagittarius arm, Centaurus arm, Perseus arm, Cygnus arm and the Orion Spur arm. Our solar system is located in a spiral arm that is called the Orion Spur. The Orion Spur is named after the constellation “Orion the ...

Abstract

The Language Arts lesson intended for Kindergarten and 1st grade was drafted based on the major theories of language acquisition. There are several theories in language development introduced to rationalize the process involved in language learning. This paper will provide a rationale to the lesson presented herewith based on the tenets of major language acquisition theories. In order to clearly stipulate the concept of language development from which the lesson based from, the theories to be discussed will be compared and determine apparent contradictions between their concepts. Nativists and Behaviorists are two different ideas and theoretical foundation that define ...

The conflict theory, which derived its assertions from the ideas of Karl Marx in the mid of 1800s, considers the social life as a competition while focusing on the distribution of power, resources and inequality. According to this social theoretical perspective, the human behavior results from the conflicts between competing groups. He considered the human society as related to conflict between the social classes, majorly in the capitalist societies between the owners of the factors of production and the servants (Stolley, 2005). Other sociologists have also described this theory in the context that separate groups in the society have ...

The Solar System is located at the spiral arms of our Galaxy is called the Milky Way. It is basically made of the galactic dick, globular clusters and the halo. Scattered below and above the disk are the globular clusters. They are randomly scattered and they orbit in elliptical orbits. They have little or no gas in them and contain older stars than in the disk. The halo is the dim region that surrounds the whole galaxy. Now, the location of the Solar System is in the galactic disk’s spiral arm. There are six spiral arms arising from ...

The rational choice and deterrence theories of crime attempt to explain the causes of crime and the spirit in sentencing. For that reason, the theories enable an understanding of the relationship between criminals, law enforcement, courts, corrections and society.

According to the rational choice theory, individuals commit crime on reasonable grounds. In many cases criminals would opt to commit crime so as to earn a living. This shows the relationship between society and crime. It suggests that crime would be prevalent in societies without decent opportunities for the people to earn some form of living. It is, therefore, essential ...

Research methodology describes the research design, data collection and analysis of data for interpretation of phenomenon under the study. Research methods are classified in to two namely qualitative and quantitative. The classification is based on the kind of phenomenon under the study. There is no research method, which is more suitable than the other the suitability depends on the nature of the study. Qualitative method is used in study of natural phenomenon that is observed in natural social science. They facilitate the researcher to research and study cultural phenomenon under social science. This method is naturalistic and studies the ...

Shura is regarded as a principle of good governance comparable to the Western notion of democracy with similar aspects and tending to move in similar direction. Indeed,the Shura principle is anchored in the Quran itself in which posits Shura as a principle of good governance rather than a system of governance. This departure is crucial when it is considered that the Quran essentially leaves it to successive governance regimes of the day in Muslim nations to continue to work towards achieving a more complete realization of the principle.

Shura as a principle is based on three key doctrines. ...

Short title-Modeling the Water Cycle

Full title- Effects of weather on water cycle and modeling the parameters of water cycle for experimental purpose Lab 5 - Experiment 1: Modeling the Water Cycle Hypothesis: Despite water existing in three different forms, namely, solid (ice or snow), liquid (water) and gas (water vapor), the total amount of water on the earth remains constant over time (Gunn, 2013).

Post-Lab Questions

- Restate your hypothesis. Was it confirmed or denied? How do you know?

Our hypothesis states that the total amount of water on earth remains constant over time.

The hypothesis is confirmed. Reasons-

The weather prevailing on earth at a given point of time comprises of the different processes related to conversion of water ...

Introduction

Born First, Born Smarter is the title of an article of a study conducted by Robert Zajonc and Gregory Markus in 1975 (Zajonc and Markus, 1975). The researchers planned to study why previous research had concluded birth order in a family relate to definite characteristics (Zajonc and Markus, 1975). Several studies found out that first-born child tend to be less reckless, more verbally articulate, better performing in school, more active, more likely to go to school, and tend to exhibit a greater ...

Introduction

Employees form the major profit determining factor within any organization. This is because they are the people who offer labour and strategic ideas that can be used to make an organization gain competitive advantage in the market at large. Employees ` performance and actions are influenced by different factors including working conditions, amount of salaries, and how motivated they are. These actions can be termed as employee outcomes which include good or poor performance, resignation and improved contribution. On the other hand, there are various motivation theories which include drive, incentive and humanistic theories. This ...

Social process theory states that criminal behavior is as a result of the socialization process including the socio psychological interaction by the criminal with social organizations and institutions. The social process theory suggests that criminals opt to be involved in crime as a result of poor academic performance, pressure from colleagues, family issues, and legal entanglements in addition to other challenging situations. The theory mentions that anyone can be a criminal and is supported by the effect of family on young ones whereby there is a connection between behavioral problems and childhood experiences of hostility. Social structure theory states ...

Child development is an area that was largely ignored for a very long time throughout history. Children were not given much thought because they were considered as smaller versions of adults and therefore incorporated in any study that targeted adults. Their cognitive abilities, language and physical growth which normally take place early on in life was not given the necessary attention. As theorists and scientists warmed up to this area of scientific research, so many theories came up in a bid to explain child growth and development and one such theory is B. F. Skinner’s operant conditioning. It ...

Experiment 1: Interdependence of Species

Post Lab Questions

1. Hypothesis: Removal of one species alters the status of the entire ecosystem. It was confirmed in the experiment. When each of the species was removed, all the other species had to be adversely affected.

2. All species were removed at different times beginning with lichen, then tree, flower, bees and eventually humans respectively.

3. Since each of the species depends on one another, the elimination of any of them had a great effect on the rest. For instance, the removal of lichens adversely affected the tree, flower, bees and humans. It is the chief source ...

Theory, Research and Evidence Based Practice

Evidence based Practice (EBP) is the practice of using evidence drawn from scientifically rigorous studies to make decisions. There are various theories and models used in research for EBP. The most interesting theory to me is the Self-care Deficit Nursing Theory. This is because the theory recognizes the need for self-care and treats patients as equal partners in the delivery of quality health services.

Self-care is important in the management of chronic diseases and in disease prevention in primary care and therefore plays central role in modern day nursing practice. The self-care deficit theory was advanced by Dorothea Orem ...

Companies advertise their products so as to inform consumers about features of the product such as price, quantity and quality. Many companies develop messages to advertise different brands that they offer; the messages are developed according to social influence theories of psychology (Hook, Franks & Bauer, 2011). Apple and coca cola are among the companies that use the different theories to advertise their brands.

iMac

iMac is among the products developed by apple company; it is a slim computer that has a special design. The computer is five millimeters thin, and it contains all features in the slim board; these ...

Description of the issue

The provision of quality healthcare is an integral part in the management of all progressive societies. Unlike in the ancient days when most societies were largely dominated by solitary cultures, the modern societies are extensively multicultural. Hosting significant populations of all nationalities in the world, the US is a classic melting point of nearly all cultures in the world. The intermarriages between these cultures have only served to create a complex multicultural society. The uniqueness of each culture in such a society presents challenges to governments and non-governmental agencies in the provision of services such as healthcare and education. ...

Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate Tectonics

All the earth processes are a result of energy flow and mass circulation in and outside of the earth system. Plate tectonics is an earth process that involves the movement of the lithosphere caused by internal processes inside the earth’s mantle (Kent C 154). This is as a result of convection currents within the earth’s crust caused by the heat in the crust. This heat in the crust is due to the initial heat during the earth’s formation and through the radioactive process. The earth’s core is made of radioactive elements such as uranium which ...

Developing the Research Questions

Research questions are developed to narrow the topic for a study. The research questions need to be clear in indicating what is being studied (Marcyzk, DeMatteo, and Festinger, 2010). Thus, the research questions need to identify clearly the variables that are going to be studied. This will ensure that any form of methodological confusion does not arise. The research questions need to describe the relationship between two variables. Further, the research questions should be able to be tested empirically (Marcyzk, DeMatteo, and Festinger, 2010). Good research questions need also to incorporate operational definitions, which specify key terms to be ...

1) Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate tectonics?

The outermost layer of earth, or lithosphere, is broken up into tectonic plates. The boundaries of the plates and their movement leads to the formation of earthquakes, volcanic activity, creation of mountains, and the formation of oceanic trenches. Tectonic plates are formed from either oceanic crust or continental crust, with many containing both. The movement of the plates varies from 0-100mm in a given year. The movement of these plates comes from the outward energy of flow that comes from ...

- How is the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) used by the advocate of the Cosmological Argument to justify the two premises of the argument? Make sure to clearly define dependent and self-existent beings, and also to explain the two parts of PSR and how each part is used to justify a different premise of the argument. (See Rowe's article; pp. 37-46)

The Cosmological Argument stipulates that there must be some first cause or uncaused cause that led to the creation of the universe. Everything in the universe that we observe comes from something else. The Cosmological Arguments does ...

1) Explain how the outward flow of energy from the Earth’s interior drives the process of plate tectonics?

The earth’s composition consists of a crust, mantle and core. The earth’s core consists of elements like uranium which are radioactive. Due to the phenomenon of radioactivity, these elements decay and trigger a reaction. Because of this a large amount of energy is produced in the core and inner core of the earth. Because of this energy, the core of the earth is very hot and in a molten state. This heat is transferred from the core to ...

The modern study of personality traces its origins to Carl Gustav Jung and his magnum opus Psychologische Typen. Jung postulated that there are functionally 2 axes of personality, the perceiving function and the judging function. The perceiving function involved sensation and intuition whereas the judging function was comprised of thinking and feeling. Katharine Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Myers, based their groundbreaking questionnaire on Jung’s analysis while offering minor modifications of the theory. The original goal of the questionnaire was to aid in the empowerment of women in the workplace by determining what jobs they would feel most ...

2) There are justifications on the presence of the moon. Perhaps, collision-ejection theory of the moon gives an explains on the issues. The theory asserts that the moon exists due to the formation of debris ejected from the earth, especially when objects crushed. Collision-ejection theory claims that the newly formed earth collided with mars at an angle, which splashed the layers of the earth surface into the orbit around it. This implies that the Earth crust and mantle formed the moon though condensation. There are various facts on the moon that the theory is consistent with. Some of the ...

Introduction

In this project I want to test whether students who live with their families dine out more than those who do not live with their families. I also compared among the families and males and how much they spend whenever they go out to dine. I have determined the confidence interval for the students who live with their families and for the proportion of students who do not live with their families.

- The alternative hypothesis is the number of students that live with family dines less than those students who live by themselves. The null hypothesis is that ...

Introduction

Art has over the years been used as a form of expression. It is through art that various artists have been able to present their thoughts and feelings regarding various events, peoples, cultures, and occurrences to their audiences. In Preble’s Art forms Chapter 5, the author builds on the idea that arts are based on various objectives and motives by their artists. The Chapter argues that there are three theories upon which the creation of art is based. This paper will first of all discuss these three theories and apply these theories to the artwork Violet faces Red ...

Research Strategy

A customer has asked a firm known as Akron Research to develop a customer driven research plan and strategy, and to write a research proposal. Akron research firm studies other firms to access their needs; the company concentrates on needs such as product, process improvement, manufacturing, and consulting services. The project will involve picking a project and deciding on the research design and methodology to be applied. The methodology explains the tools that will be used in carrying out the research. The research design will include a topic, purpose statement, literature review, research questions, and hypothesis.

The format of ...

Summary of leadership philosophy

Every leader in society or organization has their personal approach and perception towards doing things. Leadership must be guided by specific philosophies that provide direction on how to achieve the desired results and performance. A leadership philosophy is quite different from leadership styles or models. A leadership philosophy focuses on how a leader behaves and his characteristics. It is the detailed kind of leadership a certain leader offers to his subjects. The philosophy I hold towards leadership is a combination of two philosophies. My leadership philosophy is to offer leadership that is based on ethics, servants and values.

Leadership ...

Introduction

In a negotiation process, the participants in the process essentially attempt to undertake some form of exchange or trade. The exchange can take different forms such as services for services, goods for services, money for services or money for goods. In all these forms of exchange or trade, each participant privy to the negotiation process aims at maximizing his/her advantage. In other words, the negotiator will try his best to come out with a good if not the best deal or cut. This means that each party will aim at gaining much more for little consideration or exchange.

Depending ...

Business Law Questions

Business Law Questions

This is the most suitable theory for the partners and the breach of contract. The breach of warranty highlights the damages which are available to the disappointed buyer when the specific seller has breached the article which explicitly stipulates the qualitative warranties. This implies that any buyer who unconditionally allows products that are nonconforming and who also follow the other conditions before he/she recovers the goods has the right to claim warranty.

Consequently, a breach of contract claim exists when the seller fails even to deliver the products when the need arise. This implies that in ...

The main warranty theory which is best suited for the partners is the breach of warranty theory and the breach of contract. The breach of warranty highlights the damages which are available to the disappointed buyer when the specific seller has breached the article which explicitly stipulates the qualitative warranties. Therefore any buyer who has allowed nonconforming products and follows the other conditions prior to his or her to recover the goods has the right to claim warranty.

On the other hand a breach of contract claim exists when the seller fails even to deliver the ...

- WidegeCorp and Company W are merging. WidegeCorp is an organization that utilizes statistical analysis for decision making while Company W is the complete opposite, relying on experience to make business decisions and strategies. - Currently, Company W is testing new sales software. The software was given to 250 of the total 500 sales personnel of the company in the last three months. - There are four sales regions: Northeast, Southeast, Central and West. - The company believes that each sales person will be able to sell the same amount of products whether or not they were given the ...

Geology is science that is concerned with the study of solid Earth, rocks and the process of metamorphosis of such rocks. Through geology one gets to understand the history of rocks, plate tectonics as well as evolutionary history of life. Such knowledge is very crucial in today’s life because it helps in exploration of minerals and exploiting the water resources.

Geology course therefore covers issues to don with Earth surface, its history, the foundation of the Earth (rocks) and metamorphosis of rocks changes over time. The course involves a series of lectures accompanied by class presentations, and field ...

Just to begin with, it is prudent to note that each individual think. However, there are different levels of thinking; that is critical thinking and the regular thinking. The term critical thinking refers to a higher order thinking which entails the use of tools of analysis also known as the tools of critical thinking in order to discern what is true and what is false. Good critical thinking must meet the following criteria: clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, good reason, depth, breadth, fairness and relevance.

This implies that critical thinking is the process of thinking clearly with precision ...

Question 1

Critical value method involves determining the likeliness or unlikeliness by determining whether the test statistic observed is more extreme than the null value or not. P-value is the probability of getting a value of sample test statistic that is far from the expected to be observed if null hypothesis holds true.

Question 2

F distribution is a ratio of two chi square random variables. The variance has a tendency to match the chi square distribution if one contains a normal random variable. It is used to determine if two variances are equal and to analyze variance and covariance figures. ...

Introduction

It was one evening at around five, when we were going for a dinner with my friend, Vicky;that is, a friend we are with in the same college, when this study began. Itproceeded informally like a normal talk accompanied by several youthful jokes. Being bathed by the cool breeze of the ocean; as we were enjoying our traditional meals, which were deliciously cooked, we got ourselves indulged in several discussions. Surprisingly enough, it was this day that I realized that my brother is single and not engaged. As usual with the age and country mates, we were able ...

Part I

Ethics is the set of beliefs, ideas and guidelines as to what determines the behavior. It is the accepted code of conduct amongst a given group of persons/society. According to Paul and Elder (2), ethics is "a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms sentient creatures". It also describes of what is good, what is right and how one ought to know what to do. This study gives a description of the different prime theories on how they affect the human sexuality and marriage.

Ethical egoism is a theory based on ...

The analysis of the article of construction of knowledge from the learning of individuals. The research was conducted by Emel Ültanır, whose main tenet of the study was that the interrelationship between an individual and the world is based on constructivist of the person. Individual knowledge learned need is applied in the real conditions world but in a constructive way. An individual knowledge is made of sensation and cognition. This also influences the individual experiences.

The research borrows information from other conducted researches thus the method of data collection is secondary. This means that the information provided if ...

Traits are defined as the actions, thoughts and feelings which distinguish individuals from each other. They are the internal characteristics of a person which correspond to the behavior of a person. Individual traits remain stable throughout the life span of a person. The adaptive processes of a person lead to changes in the characteristic behavior of the person. Different theories have been proposed to explain the personality traits. These theories include the human motivation theory and the whole person theory.

Personality researchers such as D.W Fiske (1949) and Goldberg (1981) proposed five broad categories of personality traits, which were ...

Part I: Nonparametric Methods

A sign test is a nonparametric method used in statistics for comparison of a single sample with a hypothesized value. The test is commonly used in situations where a paired t-test is traditionally applied. In the study, a sample of n patients is used in determining the preference for central nervous system saturation. The main objective of conducting the test was to determine whether a difference in preferences between the central nervous system saturation and the time of oxygen admission existed. Sign test was explored in paired data whereby central nervous system saturation data from ten patients ...

The main idea of the Teleological argument, otherwise known as Argument from Design, is that the universe is somewhat similar to a machine. In William Paley’s ‘The Argument from Design’, he used the example of a watch to provide an analogy for the relationship between God and the universe. Paley provided an in-depth description of how the delicate parts of a watch work together to achieve a single purpose, that is, to ensure that it displays the time correctly. All of us know that the watch have its creator, a skilled craftsman who has a perfect understanding on ...

Article Reflection

The article that will be reviewed is “Close Reading in Elementary Schools”. The article is about a qualitative research on close reading and how it can be adapted by elementary schools.

The hypothesis that is being tested is whether close reading is an appropriate instructional routine for elementary students. The research methodology used by the authors is the observation of teachers from different grade levels, who taught different subjects and who are willing to explore close reading. The results of the study reveal the key features that must be addressed if close reading is to be implemented ...

Human Behavior: Lying

Lying is one of the most common human behaviors with many people terming it as wrong but necessary at times. Lying can be described as a form of deception, and has three main features: a lie has to communicate some information; the liar has to have the intention to mislead or deceive and; the liar is aware that he or she is telling a lie (BBC, 2013). Therefore, lying does not have to communicate false information, but it is the intention of the liar to deceive by giving false information that constitutes lying. But what motivates lying?

Humanistic theory ...

The Maastricht Treaty launched the European Monetary Union in the year 1992. The union comprised of two parts, which included the creation of euro the common currency and creation of the European Central Bank, which coordinates all monetary policies in the Eurozone. The treaty also created the rules for countries willing to join the union. The other element of the treaty was the national central banks of the 16 member countries. European Monetary Union creation has led to price stability and proper management of public finances (McKay Volz & Wolfinger 2011).The final phase of the single currency introduction was ...