Essays on Work

Introduction

Shift work is basically any work outside the normal daylight hours and may differ from one work place to another. Given that up to 25% of the American population encounters shift work at some point in their career the subject of shift work has attracted a plethora of research especially with regard to the health implication of shit work[ CITATION Occ10 \l 1033 ]. There is a growing body of knowledge implicating shift work for on-job injuries and catastrophes, disruption of families and societal fabric, Continue reading...

Abstract

Management has the power to select either hard or soft dimension in HRM. The management choice is based on that management purely depends on whether the management emphasis is placed on the employees or the firms resources. Soft dimension seeks to let workers grow over time through coaching them it is based on McGregor theory Y. On the other hand hard dimension is based on McGregor X. In reality management borrows from both dimension so as to make labor policies human and applicable.
Flexibility in the work place is geared at making workers more productive. Several Continue reading...

Work ethics has had many definitions over time; however, we can conclusively say that it is a set of standards that is set and usually based on the level hard work and meticulousness that is expected. In other cases, for example when work is conducted voluntarily, as in the case of churches or community service, we view it as having a moral advantage or gain and posses the ability to enhance or produce good character. There are many attributes associated with good work ethics and include; having and keeping good social standings, being dependable and having a self-drive or Continue reading...

Introduction

The market is very competitive today, and it is important for all organizations to ensure that their employees are motivated and determined to work together for success as they are the backbone of any company. It is not only the management of an organization that needs to be productive and well organized for a successful and smooth running, but the employees at the grass-root level also play a very important role as they are the pillars that support the production and produce the output. Therefore it is a necessity to create such an environment within the organization where Continue reading...

Introduction

Elwyn (2001, pp. 1-2) defines a work group as ‘a number of people who are in face-to-face contact, so that each of them can interact with all the others’ which is usually achieved through a cohesive and solid supervision. Additionally, a work group can be defined as ‘a planned endeavor to develop in a group the forces that lead to a smoothly running co-operative activity’. Work groups in most cases entails a group or an association of individuals who interact and move together regularly, have close Continue reading...

Abstract

The protestant ethic or what is commonly known as the protestant work ethic is a concept used in economics, sociology and history. It largely attributes much of its theory from the works of Max Weber. This ethic basis its arguments upon the emphasis by the Calvinist on the usefulness of hard work, which according to the Calvinist is part of one’s worldly success and calling and a sign of individual salvation (Grossman, 2006, pp.128- 131). Weber’s ethic therefore, is a study of the relationship that occurs between the spirit of Continue reading...

Introduction

To illustrate the various aspects of business ethics and religious perspectives, a study was carried out in a CPA firm. This company is owned by Myron D. Solomon who is a CPA and he was interviewed for purposes of this study. This is a small firm located along Dundee Road, Buffalo Grove, Illinois. His firm provides accounting services for small and medium sized companies. It is estimated that his business revenue is less than $ 500,000 annually. Myron D Solomon does not employ full time employees. He shares office space and employ with two other Continue reading...

1.1 Introduction
Construction forms are necessary since they provide a detailed history of the construction process from the planning stage up to the completion stage. The contents of these documents highlight the decisions and activities that together comprised the construction process. Therefore, when properly prepared, these documents provide an accurate history of construction projects. In essence therefore, construction documents facilitate monitoring and evaluation of construction projects. In addition, they can be used as evidence when disputes and litigations arise (Hyland, 2005, p.68).
2.1 Application for payment
2.1.1 Explanation of the Form
Once in the construction phase, contractors can request for payment from the owner by preparing the application for payment form (Demkin, 2008, pp.588-589). Continue reading...

Elton Mayo (1880 – 1949)

Workers are not only motivated by money but social needs should be considered too.

Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856 – 1917)

He says that employees are motivated by money, which is opposite what Elton Mayo forwarded. Workers do not enjoy working but they need to be forced or supervised.

Abraham Maslow(1908 – 1970)

He said psychological needs of the employees are important and should be fulfilled.

Frederick Herzberg (1923-2000)

He believed in two-factor theory of motivation. He argues that, there are factors, which motivate employees directly (motivators), and other de-motivates them not to work hard (Hygiene factors).

Theory of Scientific Management by Frederick Winslow Taylor is a motivational, which is important at work place. This theory is applicable at work place because workers are motivated by pay for them to be effective and efficient (Deci & Ryan, 1995, p. 31). Even if workers are paid well, they need to be supervised or forced to work. Workers do not like working and therefore, they need to be coerced (Deci, 1971, p. 105).

Supervisors and managers should break down the tasks to be accomplished and assigned to individual workers depending on their skills and experience. They will be paid according to tasks completed based on their efficiency (Latham, 2007, p. 237). This will ensure workers maximize their productivity because payment depends on the work done. This theory is therefore applicable if employees are to be motivated based their effectiveness and efficiency. It is applicable if the job can be broken down into tasks (Deci & Ryan, 1995, p. 49)

However, this theory may not be applicable in some jobs or work places. If the work done is not measurable or one is paid fixed amount monthly, then, the theory is not applicable (Madsen, 1968, p. 302). Employees can be de-motivated if they are forced to do a lot work and yet they are paid less. Workers will protest and demands for more pay because they think they are being forced to work. Forcing and supervising employees may not be applicable because they will think they are being treated unfairly (Deci, 1971, p. 109).

Q. b

Because the theory could not be applied at work place, the management had to design a model that motivated employees to perform even better. The ramifications or challenges for failing to motivate the employees and convince them to work are because employees are naturally not willing to work (Weiner, 1992, p. 202). Lack of structures and procedures to determine the work one has done was the major challenge. This will led to low productivity, which in long run would not meet the demand in the market (White, 1963, p. 175).

De-motivated employees will do poor quality work and are not satisfied in whatever they are doing (Latham, 2007, p. 237). Employees do no like being forced to work because they think they are not performing as expected. Forcing them to work led to strike and demonstrations demanding favorable working terms and conditions (Deci, 1971, p. 115).

The psychological needs of employees are important to be satisfied instead of only focusing on payment only. The Maslow theory should be considered because it is essential (Cianci & Gambrel, 2003, p. 143). This theory should be applied because there are more other needs that should be satisfied for an employee to be motivated. These include safety, physiological, social needs, self-esteem, and self-actualization. Employees should not be forced to work but be explained slowly and clearly on what to do and why they should accomplish the work in time. Motivated employees are more productive than those who are forced or coerced to work (Cianci & Gambrel, 2003, p. 143).

References

Cianci, R. & Gambrel, P.A. (2003). Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Does it apply in a
collectivist culture. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(2), 143
161.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1995). Human autonomy: The basis for true self-esteem.
Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (pp. 31-49). New York: Plenum.
Deci, E. L. (1971). Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 18, 105-115.
Latham, G. P. (2007). Work motivation: history, theory, research, and practice. New York: Sage
Publishers.
Madsen, K. B. (1968). Theories of motivation: a comparative study of modern theories of
motivation. Kent: Kent State University Press.
Weiner, B. (1992). Human motivation: metaphors, theories, and research. New York: Sage.
White, R. W. (1963). Ego and reality in psychoanalytic theory. New York: International
Universities Press.

Training involves vocational instructions for the already employed persons. The idea and concept of training was first used in the Second World War (Lathan, 2001, p 31). Training that is work related is significant as emerging techniques, methods, synthetic materials, tools, power sources, and the increased dependence on automation result in extensive changes in the work place. Training at the work place may take on two forms: onsite and off –the-job training. Onsite training sessions include those that are carried out within the actual establishments; most of these sessions are conducted by senior employees. On the other hand off-the-job Continue reading...

Introduction

Computer Aided Design (CAD) involves the use of computers in the construction industry to perform design jobs. ICT is widely used in the construction industry due to the several advantages that it has over the manual applications. Information technology involves the use of hardware, software and liveware that work together in order to store, retrieve and manipulate data in a computer system. The main purpose of an IT system is to process data and give out the results as information. Information technology is very useful in the day to day activities of human life. ICT is being utilized Continue reading...

Introduction

American citizens, especially adults, spend a large proportion of their overall lifetime in their respective workplaces. The fact that disability will feature in our lives is not debatable. Further, this compulsory element of our lives will eventually feature in our workplaces. Various disability cases are common features in the workplaces. Since disability is not inability, the importance of the disabled individuals in relation to the imputations they enable in the workplace cannot be overlooked. Mental disorder is an inclusive health element of general disability. This research is focused on the element of mental disorders and consequently the way Continue reading...

Continue reading...

PERSONAL ASSESSMENT

For all the students in any learning institution there is always one suitable way in which learning appears easier. Among the styles used I found auditory the most suitable method as I got to understand whatever I was taught. Any explanations the teacher made on the course work in graphs, handouts and other notes given by the teacher, I realized it was easy to remember than when I read for myself. Moreover the teacher gave practical examples that are easier to relate to unlike those given in the books that are hypothetical. This way it Continue reading...

Section 1: Personal assessment.

Learning style: I am comfortable learning as an individual or in a group. My learning style is quite flexible, often ranging from personal learning, group discussions, study groups, to research peer groups. I believe that with research, human beings can tackle almost any problem in their day-to-day activities. I therefore emphasize more on research work, be it in the field, library research or internet based research.

Personal skills assessment: the diploma course I took at Southampton University has given me significant skills both in academics and in the field. Continue reading...

Claude Monet was a renowned French painter who is accredited with the foundation of the French impressionate painting. He is also considered to have been a prolific and consistent practitioner of the philosophy associated with the impressionate movement. This movement was named after his famous painting, the impression sunrise. Born in Paris on November 14, 1840, Monet was the second born son to Claude Monet Adolph and Lady Justine Aubree Monet. However, his family moved from Paris to settle in Normandy in 1845. Claude Monet’s parents wanted to see him grow into a businessman, but he had different aspirations to pursue. He was impressed by art work and had the talent to become an artist. His mother was a renowned singer in her local church.

Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

Edgar Allan Poe is one of the best prominent writers whose work are continually appreciated by all generations in time immemorial, with often obsessive and gothic themes in Edgar Allan Poe’s work, they have had a hug e significant influence in the literature of America. In this paper I have selected some of his works and explained the impressive features of each in relation to their plots and design. This explains a clear reason for one to love his literature works. I have chosen carefully the works that illuminate Poe’s prolific and short carrier among them prefaces, reviews and correspondence by Poe as well as pieces of themes dealing with transcendentalism and alternative romanticism, sensation fiction, sciences of mind and the south of slavery. This paper therefore takes plot of these selected works as the aspect and point of the mind and the south and the slavery. This paper takes plot of these selected works as the aspect of point of concentration throughout the document to explain the impressive bits of the general works.

Continue reading...

Abstract

The term surveillance originates from the French language and it means “watching over” Surveillance is the act of monitoring activities and behavior as well as people’s surreptitious changing of information. Surveillance mostly refers to a private observation of individuals or groups of people by government organizations. Also, disease surveillance is process of monitoring the disease progress in a given community. The term surveillance can as well be applied to distance observations by electronic equipment means. A good example of electronic equipments used for surveillance is a CCTV camera. Another surveillance method is through electronically transmitted information interceptions Continue reading...

Essay one

America has been a land of people from varying cultures for centuries. Native Red Indians, Europeans, Asians and other many people from different cultures have been and are still represented in America. This expansive region was opened up by the Europeans but major constructions were by immigrants from different regions of the world including Chinese and Irish immigrants.
Chinese immigrants were in high demand for many hard jobs on the American continent. They were hardworking people and worked in many places on arriving in America. Chinese laborers are credited for the construction of the continental Continue reading...

Group work project

Q. 1)

Group discussions are essential in any school setup since it aids students to grasp the content better. My participation in group work made me understand so many things about post-meningitic hearing loss management. Although I had read and done a lot of research in this field, I still did not have the full facts about this condition. One aspect, which I fully grasped during the group work, was the nature and causes of this condition. Although I had some idea on the possible causes and symptoms of the condition, I Continue reading...

Abstract:
Feminism is the collection of movements aimed at defining, defending and establishing equal social, political and economic rights and opportunities for women. Feminism is focused mainly on issues of women even though some men are also victims of feminism such as gender and sexism roles. Feminist theory also emerged from feminist movements which include general theories about origins of inequality and about social constructions of gender and sex. Campaigns are going on for women’s rights by the feminist activists. The activists have opposed sexual harassment, sexual assault and domestic violence (McDonald, P. 2008).
Joseph suggests that in Continue reading...

David Carson continues to be one of the renowned typographic designers in the world. One notable example that Carson contributed to, greatly is the typographic contribution to the portrait of Natalie Portman, who is the lead in the film ‘Little White Lies.’ In this work, Carson used a vivid typographic style of applying a black foil over the whole drawing. His style, which to many seems to have been destructive, concentrated on featuring a unique design at the bottom of the work. Carson’s treatment of the lower background of the work further creates an interesting piece, which catches Continue reading...

Abstract

Vocational Education and Training (VET) is a fairly new educational concept that teaches the students skills required for performing a particular job[ CITATION Yin06 \l 1033 ]. In the last few decades Vocational Education and Training has changed focus from simply preparing the students for jobs that demanded less than a degree to a broader preparation that incorporate academic, vocational and technical skills development for more competitive professions or advanced degree[ CITATION Yin06 \l 1033 ]. Socioeconomic as well as political forces have contributed to major changes in the Vocational Education and Training system in Australia. With the diversification of Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

Society is typically divided into units of families; this social institution is meant to allow parents to raise children in the way they wish, imposing values and discipline upon the children and prepare them for the outside world. As the decades go by and the nature of society changes, families must change as well. There are many sociological theories by which to examine the role of families in society, and the roles of individuals within that family, but some lenses fit better than others. In this essay, we will look at the social institution of family through a Continue reading...

Part I: Using the questions in the Munro article, go through the two pieces of criticism by Greenberg and Rosenberg and write answers for each question posed by Munro.

In Greenberg’s “Towards a Newer Laocoon,” the work being criticized seemed to be art in general, and the struggle between all different types of art to become the dominant art form relative to its period. For the most part, Greenberg discusses avant-garde painting, and how it had and continue to has a purity that elevates itself above most art forms. He claims that there are no greater justifications for Continue reading...

Introduction
The business Fresh Food is a national company operating in many areas across the United Kingdom. It operates in the tertiary sector as it provides a service to customers and does not create or harvest materials. It is a relatively large company and currently employs 460 people and has a turnover of 18 million per annum. Fresh Food sells a vast variety of products including groceries, drinks, baked food and electrical goods such as phone top-ups, lottery tickets, gas and electric cards.
There are a large amount of competitors in the market located all across the country; food Continue reading...

Revision Practice

Academic papers should be prepared and written to meet at least all the requirements for any academic paper. The first sight on the paper indicates that the paper was not formatted according to the latest APA writing and referencing style. It should be a double spaced, Times New Roman or Arial and with a font size of twelve. In addition, there must be supporting documentation for the paper, which in this case should have been an in-text citation. This provides the evidence for big statements taken or quoted from other materials. At the end of Continue reading...

A developing body of international research points to an association between precarious jobs or contingent work organization and a higher incidence of injury, psychological and diseases as well as inferior knowledge and skills/compliance with occupational health and safety (OHS) standards (Buchanan, 2000). Despite that, published research on the OHS problems and risks that young worker in hospitality undergo and other service industries widely ignores the idea that majority of them are engaged on a temporary basis. To clearly address this gap a young temporary workers employed in Australian outlets of a well known multinational fast food chain were Continue reading...

The new proposed business is about empowering the women to a new level than the one they are already in. In this case we ask who the next level woman is. She is a woman who always looks ahead and is ready to adjust to what is needed to achieve their goal. For this woman making things happen will not scare them off. Most women will let circumstances such as the economy hold them from making a move to improve their business. Some will let the business fall apart instead of fixing what went wrong that way they will Continue reading...

Introduction

The history of art has been compared with that of literature. In comparable respects, both have continuity, change and no progressive improvement. Since they are both works of creativity, their histories are characterized by works that seem to go beyond circumstantial limitations with a timeless appeal. The history of art has evolved since the extant of humans. Today art involve so many disciplines in colleges and universities. (Kristine and Howard 1996 4, 41) Continue reading...

Introduction

Technology is an essential aspect in the management of different sectors of any country’s economy. The health care sector is one of the important fields in which requires technology for the execution of various tasks as far as offering health care services is concerned. Technology in the health care sector is applied in areas such as performing x ray scans, the use of laser beams to eliminate cancerous cells amongst other areas. Additionally, technology is applied in this sector when it comes to the storage and retrieval of patient records. In this case an improvised data base system could be relevant. In the United States of America, a national data base for the Nurses Association of America is a good example of how technology is applied in the field of nursing as a health care component. The national data base has great significance in the Nurses’ Association because it collects nurse sensitive data from all the hospitals in the United States of America.

Continue reading...

In Roszak’s text, he seeks to discover exactly why religious mysticism has disappeared from modern society. According to him, the “energies of transcendence” have vanished from our culture, which has incredible effects on how we live our lives. He states that religions sensibilities have been excised in order to make room for urban industrial development and the advancement of technology. The increasing secularization of our culture has stemmed from an idealism stating that we can do things on our own, and that we do not need pie-in-the-sky figures to help us along the way. There is no feeling Continue reading...

One of the major duties and activities of the human resource department is recruitment. This activity has to be given special preference as it directly impacts on an organization’s performance. It therefore comes as no surprise to see many public service agencies continue to perform dismally, and fail to meet their objectives and goals due to failure in identifying and implementing new and effective ways of hiring. Thus, recruitment is simply the process of recognizing and hiring candidates that are best qualified for a particular job vacancy in a manner that Continue reading...

In corporate chain stores and huge corporations, workers get frustrated as a result of several unjust treatments. A good percentage of the employees are forced to be part-time workers since these companies want to pay for as little benefits as possible. Such companies are also temporarily understaffed making many of their employees to work overtime which, in most cases, is not paid. Failure of the employees to complete their tasks directly results into loss of that particular job. This compels the workers to go extra miles even if it means working overtime, with very poor benefits. In these Continue reading...

Why is it important to be objective when receiving feedback? How might you use feedback to revise your rough draft to make it as effective as possible?

1. When receiving feedback, it is very important to be as objective as possible. Most of the time, constructive criticism is extremely helpful but it is imperative to maintain your original ideas as they are just as important. Feedback can sometimes offer you fresh ideas – everyone has the ability to give different opinions and points of view: to encompass those as well as your own in your work is a fine line Continue reading...

Introduction

The article “Employee Engagement: The Key to Improving Performance” by Solomon Markos & M. Sandhya Sridevi touches upon the issue of implementing new managerial means of improving the company’s performance, namely the employee engagement concept. The authors claim, that this approach towards Human Resources Management is one of the most prosperous methods of working with the labor force and increasing its overall efficiency. This in the long term allows the company not only to operate more cost-effectively but also obtain a strong competitive advantage over the rivals and increase the profits. The construct is considered to be broader Continue reading...

Current events article summary

The current events discussed in this paper originates from, the Sun Baltimore journal dated January 30th 2011. In the article titled “Employers increase flexible work options: companies are increasingly Responsive to their employees' changing lifestyles and schedules” authored by Lorraine Mirabella. From the article it is reported that; in the modern world employers are becoming more conscious of the changing lifestyle and schedules of their employees[ CITATION MLo11 \l 1033 ]. They are acknowledging the reality that their employees crave for a flexible work schedule that allows them to take care of their personal Continue reading...

Historical Background and Overview of the Book

The term Viewpoints as used in theater arts refers to a set of terminologies given to some specific principles of motion/movement through time and space; they simply describe what happens on the stage. The viewpoints can also be defined as an improvisation technique that emanated from the postmodern world of dance. The technique was developed in the 1970s by choreographer Mary Overili by breaking down space and time. Composition on the other hand is the art of selecting and arranging the individual components of theatre language into a combined work of art. Directors Anne Bogart and Tina Landau expanded and adapted Overilie’s viewpoints for actors to work spontaneously and instinctively generating a bold theatrical art. Mary Overilie influenced Anne Bogart during their collaboration at the New York University in the late 1970s and early 1980s. While Overlie’s six viewpoints (space, time, story, movement, emotion and space) are viewed as a logical way of examining and analyzing movement (as in dance), Bogart’s view points are considered practical steps in uniting the stage and actors.

Continue reading...

Question 1

In every work done, the main source of motivation is the pay or the remuneration. The pay should be according to the type and nature of work done. All the three groups: assembly workers, end-assemblers and technicians; are not satisfied with their pay system. As a result, the level of motivation is generally low. The technicians and the end assemblers are the least satisfied as they have limited chances of promotions. With respect to the complexity of the work they handle, their salary is relatively low, as compared to other companies. However, the assembly workers Continue reading...

Background of the Research

The research paper is fundamentally about the comparison of Compassion Fatigue and PTSD patients. The research main objective it to go along with or reject this hypothesis: People suffering from Compassion fatigue will experience similar physiological changes as those suffering from PTSD. By working towards this hypothesis, the research can be able to compare and contrast CF to PTSD and recognize how the two are related. In order to verify and distinguish the relation between these two phenomena, it is essential to know what the research will be looking for. First, it is Continue reading...