Question 1
With older electromechanical controls, the operator used to typically be located physically in closer proximity to the process, and therefore had direct sensory perception of the status of the process (e.g., sound, vibration, light) (Leveson 2011). Under computerized and digitalized controls, the operator no longer has a sensory perception of the status, other than what is viewed on the computer. This requires whomever is designing the control system to determine what information is important to the controller, and that the information provided in the feedback loop between the process and what is reported on the screen is complete and ...
