Essays on Pope Urban II

What four (4) reasons do Davis et al. give for the Christian Crusades against the Muslim Empire that contradict how they are "often portrayed" (1371)?

The Christian knights had united to help Constantinople with a concealed agenda of recovering Jerusalem and occupying it.

The Christians started a “holy war” that was a retaliation against the Muslims conquest in the region The Christians eventually settled and lived amongst Muslims after they found a way to live together. The crusades helped the Papacy assert in Muslim and other religious and secular groups while assisting kings to expand and consolidate their authority. What evidence is there to be found in "Pope Urban II's Call to the First Crusade" (1379-81) ...

The first crusade was an event launched by Pope Urban II and it started a series of crusades that were meant to recapture what was known as the Holy lands. Marcus Bull presents the first crusade as a pilgrimage even though the Crusaders carried weapons. The crusade later turned into a military expedition perpetrated by Roman Catholic. In the study of the writings of the first crusade, Bull brings out the different authors’ perspectives about the actions of the crusaders and their motivation. For example, Susanna Throop refers to the crusades as a means to commit vengeance on the ...

The First Crusade was organized in 1096 by the decision of Pope Urban II at the request of Byzantine Emperor Alexius I with the aim of helping the Eastern Christians in the defense of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from the onset of the Seljuks. During the campaign, further objective turned out to be the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. Initially, the Pope`s appeal was addressed only to the French knights, but, later, the Crusade turned into a full-scale military campaign, and its idea spread to all the Christian states of ...