Essays on Reactivation

Tuberculosis is a serious bacterial infection that is usually spread from one individual to the other by inhalation of very small droplets originating from the sneezes or coughs of an infected person. The bacteria that causes TB is known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Kelly, Wilker, & Ambrose, 2011, p. 14). The main organ affected by the disease is the lungs (also called pulmonary tuberculosis) but it can also affect bones, the nervous system, and the glands. Each droplet of sneeze may contain between 1 to 400 bacilli each. Because the disease is airborne, the bacterium can also be transmitted to a ...

Hepatitis type B viral infection is a common and serious disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV is a DNA virus with partial double strands and belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family. One-third of the world’s population is believed to have been infected by HBV of which 6% have chronic HBV infection. Depending on the rate of infection and carrier rate, the world is divided into low, medium and high endemicity regions (Franco et al. 75). The HBV resides in the bodily fluids of an infected individual and is transmitted via the same (Aspinall et ...

With more than 25 percent of the world’s population reportedly suffering from allergic-reaction related conditions, allergy is increasingly becoming one of the world’s widespread conditions. Oft marked with a characteristic features such as itching, sneezing and vasodilatation, an allergy, according to Ahmed (2011), is an overreaction of an individual’s immune system to a substance (allergen) which does not usually cause any reaction to other people. Such an overreaction occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign thereby inducing an immune response marked with the production of antibodies.

Mechanism of an Allergic Reaction

An allergic response, as affirmed by Ahmed (2011), can conveniently be ...