Essays on Allergy

Introduction

Allergy is an immune system disorder. Allergy or allergic reaction is a hypersensitivity to otherwise innocuous substances present in the environment. The allergic reaction is usually a rapid response; however, the sensitivity to certain allergens can be acquired over a period. It was previously called the type one hypersensitivity. It is characterized by an over activation of leucocytes, called the mast cells and the basophils following activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE) (Frigas, Gleich 1986). This activation of the basophiles and mast cells triggers an inflammatory response.

Pathophysiology of the allergic response

The type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is initiated when an allergen is introduced to Continue reading...

Anaphylaxis: Physiologic Progression and Overview

Anaphylaxis is, by its very nature, a rapid-onset reaction. Patients suffering from an anaphylactic reaction will often go into anaphylactic shock and die if the condition is not quickly reversed. The onset of anaphylaxis is triggered by some outside cause-- common causes for anaphylaxis include bee stings and peanut consumption, for instance (Huether and McCance, 2008). Anaphylaxis can be triggered by both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms (Huether and McCance, 2008). When mediators are released from certain white blood cells that are used in both immunologic and nonimmunologic mechanisms, the body reacts by presenting the symptoms that are commonly associated Continue reading...

Immunology Disorders

The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from various parasites, bacteria, virus etc. that try to destabilize the homeostasis. Naturally, the immune system is considered one of the most important mechanisms that help us recuperate from diseases. When the immune system malfunctions and starts destroying self-cells, it leads to certain disorders. In other circumstances, the immune system may be suppressed and fail to kill disease causing cells. Here we will discuss a few disorders of the immune system.

HYPERSENSITIVITY TYPE I

Allergy or hypersensitivity type I is also known as allergic reaction or intolerance, in this scenario the immune system Continue reading...

Preparation of Operation Room for Latex Allergic Patients

Latex is a sap extracted from commercial rubber trees. The sap contains proteins that cause myriad severities in our day-to-day situations (Jibawi &Cade 2009). Some of the complicated issues include Type 1 allergic reactions, which are mediated by immunoglobulin E (Carrapatso, Bartolome, Ribeiro & Luís 2011). Most of the modern equipment’s used in operation rooms in hospitals like surgical- gloves contain a percentage of latex. To broader extent, some health care instruments used in homes by individuals and communities contain latex that threaten to cause immense allergy related reactions. With this regard the National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( Continue reading...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information
HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions
PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT
–ASTHMA–
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody in the Continue reading...

Abstract

Kamin blocking is a condition where animals elicit a Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) to a Conditioned Stimulus (CS) and fail to associate any other Unconditioned Stimulus (US). This study investigates if the Kamin blocking principle holds true for human subjects. Using food as a conditioned stimulus and Allergic reaction as an unconditioned stimulus, a contingency judgment task experiment was conducted on 683 participants, where they were exposed to a CS in the first stage and a combination of CS, US and a superimposed stimulus in the second stage. In the third stage. Participants asked to predict the probability of Continue reading...

President of Shiny Clean

404, Squeaky Lane
Baltimore, MD 21287
Dear Mr. Smith,
Can you please help me with this? I do not know what goes wrong with the Shiny Clean new product “Pure Pore.”
I have been a loyal customer of the Shiny Clean for over five years. I happened to come across a new Shiny Clean soap “Pure Pore” through an advertisement. It assures that the “Pure Pore” has a hypoallergenic formula that helps to keep the face clean and vibrant, eliminate blackheads, and prevent acne. When I used that soap, I got skin allergy and itching
I bought it from Continue reading...

Allergic Rhinitis refers to reaction to inhaled allergens (William and Wilkins, 2010). Most of the allergens include pollen grains, animal dander i.e. particles of shed hair and skin, dust, cigarettes smoke, feather pillows, fungal spores, molds, ragweed and other weeds that occur in autumn. They also include alder, birch, cottonwood, elm, maple, and oak that occurs in spring, and English plantain, grasses and sheep sorrel that occur in summer (William and Wilkins, 2010; Pamela Brooks, 2012). Allergic rhinitis affects individuals with sensitized immune system. It reacts by producing antibody immunoglobulin. Allergic rhinitis may be perennial or a seasonal issue. Continue reading...

Abstract

The use of influenza vaccine has both advantages and disadvantages. Its low efficacy rate has resulted to several questions being raised on whether it is necessary to have the vaccine. This paper aims to discuss whether it is beneficial to obtain influenza vaccine in terms of its safety and effectiveness. The topic will also go beyond science by focusing on the cost effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. The study was done by looking for other peer-reviewed sources and doing an assessment of the information presented. The studies have shown several benefits of using influenza vaccine such as efficacy, safety Continue reading...

Introduction

The immunological disorders in an individual can occur due to three different reasons. This includes immunological diseases in an immunocompromised individual, or “autoimmune diseases”, or finally an immunological hypersensitivity that can lead to tissue damage.

Immunodeficiency diseases

Immunodeficiency diseases occur due to malfunctioning of the organs or cells in an individual. They are further classified as primary immunodeficiency (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID).

Primary immunodeficiency disease

They occur when there is a direct defect in the immune system. They are further classified into eight groups depending upon the site of the defect.
Combined T and B deficiencies. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an excellent Continue reading...

Introduction

Pesticides are substances or a mixture of substances whose main aim is to destroy, repel, prevent or inhibit the action of any pest. A pest is any form of an insect, plant pathogens, weeds, birds, mollusks, nematodes (worms), and microbes that destroy human foods while in the field, during transportation or in stores. In addition, a pest can destroy other human properties apart from food or help spread harmful diseases. Pesticides are classified into five categories: a chemical substance, a biological agent, disinfectant, antimicrobial and a device. Since pesticides find use in both our homes and in farms, they Continue reading...

The human immune system is a proverbial double-edge sword. On one had humans depend on the immune system, and on the other hand there are diseases as a result of its improper function. These diseases due to its disorder in its function can range from immunodeficiency states to hypersensitivity . Put in simple terms, the disorders range from doing too little to an overreaction of the system. There disorders will be considered under the following heading: immune mechanism of tissue injury, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiency diseases. Before we go into the details of the diseases, we would like to describe Continue reading...

Abstract

The adaptive immune response comprises of antibody reactions and cell-mediated responses that are carried out by diverse lymphocyte cells; B cells, as well as, T cells, respectively. B Cells are the main cells involved in the formation of antibodies that flow in blood plasma and even the lymph fluids, where they bind specially to the alien antigens. Binding of antibody inactivates viruses and microbial toxins by blocking their ability to bind to receptors on host cells. Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulin, are big Y-shaped proteins that are typically comprised of two big heavy chains, as well as, two small Continue reading...

Introduction

In order to fulfill the food demands of the fast growing population of the world, a faster process of producing crops with enhanced desirable traits has replaced the conventional production. Since conventional plant breeding is a time consuming affair, genetic engineering technology has been put to use for producing plants with enhanced amount of nutritional content and increased resistance to herbicides and pests. Though genetically modified or genetically engineered foods have certain benefits, in recent years a great many side effects of these foods have come to the forefront. In the wake of the health issues and environmental hazards Continue reading...

Red Robin Restaurant in Canada Victoria, BC

The Red Robin restaurant is famous for its Gourmet Burgers. It is also famous for its freshest high quality ingredients. The company in Canada combined with another counterpart company Mach Robin LLC in the United States. It is the largest company of the Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Inc. It is located in Edmond, Alberta. The first location of this franchisee in Canada was in Burnaby, BC in 1985. The latest establishment is located in Vernon, BC. The Red Robin at Victoria, which I visited, is located at 800 Tolmie Avenue.
As we were having a day out with my Continue reading...

Hypersensitivity, which is also known as hypersensitivity reaction, refers to excessive and undesirable reactions such as allergies and autoimmunity. The reactions produce discomfort, damaging, and to some extent fatal and are caused by the normal immune system. The hypersensitivity reactions are basically divided into four main types based on the mechanisms involved and the time that is taken for the reaction to manifest. These types are types I, II, III and IV (Ghaffar).
The type I hypersensitivity, also known as anaphylactic or immediate hypersensitivity and involve skin, eye, nasopharynx, and bronchopulmonary tissues. This reaction causes a number of symptoms Continue reading...

1.0The clinic allergist details are as follows:
1.0.1 Name: Dr. Sai Karlapudi of Alaska Allergy Center. He is practitioner in Asthma, Immunology and Allergy for both adults and children. The doctor is Board certified
1.0.2 Details of the Doctor: She is certified under the American Board of Medical practitioners. She has been in the field for about 20 years serving Alaska Community Service Centre.
1.0.3 Educational Background: The doctor has a Degree in Medical from New South Wales medical college in Australia (1983).She finished her residency in Pediatrics Victoria Hospital in Melbourne in 1988.Her subspecialty in Immunology and Continue reading...

Abstract

This essay regards a case of a patient, a farmer, who potentially has hay fever, which influences his work abilities; in this patient’s case, it is studied the physiology of this allergic reaction, the type of drugs that may be prescribed or preferred, the causes of such, consequences of the use of sedative drugs and, in case such are chosen, what suggestions the nurse should give the patient for his safety.
Keywords: allergy, antihistamine, sedation, driving.
- Physiology of an allergic response.
An allergic response is a hypersensitive response that the body has, which is caused by processes Continue reading...

Peanut allergies have become widespread with more and more schoolchildren diagnosed with this life-threatening allergy condition. As the body considers peanuts as a harmful matter, the body's immune system tries to ward off the infection and "overreacts and releases chemicals, including histamine, into [the] blood" (WebMD, 2011). The exact reasons for developing allergy on peanuts are unknown, but this is considered as one of the most severe types of allergies. In the United States, an estimated 1.5 million people have peanut allergy, including the adults. The numbers are increasing and affect not only First World countries, but developing countries Continue reading...

- What are GM foods?
Genetically modified foods are derived from genetic engineering of various organisms. Unlike mutagenesis which results in non-specific alterations of the DNA, genetic engineering results in precise changes to the DNA component in an organism.
The sale of GM foods commenced in 1994, and the first GM food to be sold was a tomato that was genetically engineered to ripen at a slower rate (International Food Council 125). Genetically modified foods are mainly derived from transgenic plants. These plants are derived from artificially inserting genes into them which alters their DNA composition. The inserted gene, Continue reading...

It is the hospital’s and the physicians’ responsibility to provide world class healthcare to our esteemed patients because this not only a basic need but a also a fundamental right enshrined in the country’s legislative framework. Provision of this service poses to numerous challenges to the healthcare system at large. The paper shall address some of these challenges and foreseeable barriers to implementation.
Allergic reactions are a common occurrence in any medical set-up. It is common practise that presence or absence of allergic reactions be mentioned by the primary or referring physician and such information should be Continue reading...

With more than 25 percent of the world’s population reportedly suffering from allergic-reaction related conditions, allergy is increasingly becoming one of the world’s widespread conditions. Oft marked with a characteristic features such as itching, sneezing and vasodilatation, an allergy, according to Ahmed (2011), is an overreaction of an individual’s immune system to a substance (allergen) which does not usually cause any reaction to other people. Such an overreaction occurs when the body recognizes a substance as foreign thereby inducing an immune response marked with the production of antibodies.

Mechanism of an Allergic Reaction

An allergic response, as affirmed by Ahmed (2011), Continue reading...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a long-term skin illness. "Atopic" denotes a tendency to result into allergy conditions. "Dermatitis" refers to the inflammation of the skin. The common symptoms of AD are itchy and dry skin and rashes inside the elbows, on the hands and feet, behind the knees and on the face (Alexander, 2011).

Atopic Dermatitis Management

Current technology and knowhow about AD has placed people on a good position to fight it. This essay aims at highlighting the best practices that can be utilized entirely of almost eliminate AD. The process is divided into three sections namely prevention, treatment and empowering Continue reading...

1. Introduction

Below are presented the reviews of commercial of most popular over the counter drugs. The commercial were found on YouTube, but they have been produced for TV mainly.

2. Commercial reviews

Commercial 1 - Zyrtec (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kq3W6TvCB74)

Zyrtec is very popular allergy relief drug, which is sold at pharmacies without prescription. This is one of their newest commercials. It's target is all potential allergy relief users, i.e. people who suffer from different kinds of allergies (food, animal, dust, etc.) and need the drug in order to get rid of allergy symptoms. So, there is no specific segmentation of Continue reading...

Advertisement of over the counter drugs has increased over the last decade. Drug manufacturing companies usually advertise their products to the public. Mostly, these advertisements are not of drugs meant to cure serious diseases. They are self care drugs like drugs to heal sore throats, sinuses, allergies and aches these are drugs that do not require a doctor’s prescription to be taken. These advertisements are presented on all forms of public media such as news papers, magazines, journals, television, radio and internet. The advertisements are meant to convince the public that the drugs are efficient and safe to Continue reading...

Immune System Disorders: Hypersensitivity and Opportunistic Disease

Type I hypersensitivity is also called immediate sensitivity. Major mediators in type I hypersensitivity include histamine, tryptase, kininogenase, and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF-A). Responses to these mediators include bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, vasodilatation, vascular permeability, proteolysis, edema, and eosinophil and neutrophil attraction (Kuma, Abbas, Fausto, & Mitchell, 2007). The exact mechanism causing type I hypersensitivity is not clear, but individuals who suffer from immediate hypersensitivity display higher amounts of TH2 cell production, and those cells favor the IgE antibody which is the main mediator of type I hypersensitivity (Ghaffar, 2010).

Type II and type III hypersensitivity reactions can affect Continue reading...

An allergy refers to a normal body immune system reaction towards foreign harmless substances invading the body. It is an immune response in presence of the substance also referred to as allergens which the individual is allergic to. The foreign substance is treated as an antigen causing production of the antibodies, the antibodies will then produce mediators the most common one being histamine which in turn cause the body to produce white cells. Allergies vary from one individual to another and a substance causing allergic reactions to one person may not cause the allergy to another person. These allergens Continue reading...

Food Allergy in Children

According to Scientists, food allergy, a common condition in kids, is constantly on the rise with doctors often giving wrong diagnosis of this characteristic condition. Allegedly, 4 in every 100 children up to the age of 18 have at least suffered from food allergy. Studies depict that, between the years 1997 and 2000, the percentage prevalence food allergy has since increased hitting a record above 15%. The situation is even worsened by the fact that only a percentage few of the affected reveal that they Continue reading...

It is widely accepted that a sufficient food and water consumption is an integral part of living and health promotion. Food safety and quality are therefore considered to be a major concern for food manufacturers, policy makers and general public. Although there is a significant progress in advisory labelling practice, undeclared allergens can sometimes be added into food as a result of a manufacturing process. Allergens can be defined as a substance capable of triggering immediate hypersensitivity (AAAAI, 2014). Food Standards Agency (FSA) (2014) has calculated that each year approximately 10 people die from food-induced anaphylaxis. Poorly controlled production Continue reading...

Electronic devices may be deemed the crowning achievement of decades-long scientific efforts in their own right, signifying the human quest for ultimate comfort. People are so used to utilizing electronic devices in their everyday activities that they seem to have become inseparable from their life. Of course, there is no denying they do a lot to facilitate human lives by connecting people, updating on the latest news, revealing weather broadcast, allowing watching movies, to name only a number of benefits. While used by many, electronic gadgets do not necessarily mean they pose no threat to human health. One should Continue reading...

1. Egyptian culture

There is an immense cultural mix in Egypt. The major cities follow the traditions that existed during the Pharaohs time while other parts of the country follow pure tribal customs which found themselves in the country courtesy of invaders. Visitors and foreigners are welcomed with the warmth of the customs and mentality of Egyptians though they are warned of being too generous, smart, patronizing and arrogant (Cunningham & Reich, 2009). The local Egyptians local nature can be felt by travelers making Egypt to be considered as a country in the region that is most Continue reading...

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes shortness of breath, a feeling of tightness in the chest, and persistent cough. There are two primary types of asthma: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic asthma comes about through non-allergic means: cigarette smoke, stress, cold air, cleaning agents – basically anything that does not involve an allergen. Extrinsic asthma, on the other hand, comes about through an allergen such as dander, pollen or others. It leads to a constriction of the airway during an attack, leaving the victim out of breath, unable to take in more air, and with a tight feeling in Continue reading...

1. Introduction

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010), nearly one billion people suffered from hunger in 2010, representing nearly 16% of the population of developing countries. At the same time, the world population is growing and global warming threatens the production of crops. Profound changes are needed in the way that food production and food consumption are perceived, or the world may face mass starvation. Genetically modified (GM) technology has been found capable of feeding the world but there are concerns regarding its safety (Moseley 2002, Carpenter 2010). Continue reading...

1. Introduction

1.1 Perception of GM foods in the UK
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2010), nearly one billion people suffered from hunger in 2010, representing nearly 16% of the population of developing countries. At the same time, the world population is growing and global warming threatens the production of crops. Profound changes are needed in the way that food production and food consumption are perceived, or the world may face mass starvation. Genetically modified (GM) technology Continue reading...

I am choosing to study for a Master’s Degree in Clinical Research because I have a passion for working in this field. My background makes me well suited to make progressive advances in the field. I was involved actively and directly in evaluating and managing ill children and I assumed the role of team leader. Additionally, I have interacted with different subspecialties and have collaborated with different institutions in the field. I have interacted with available experts in medical education, which has enriched my experience in the clinical research field. During this time, I formed an interest in Continue reading...

Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, and Q5 Essay

<Tutor>
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Q1. Anaphylaxis identification, management and prevention

Anaphylaxis is referred to as an allergic reaction encompassing anaphylactic shock as a severe manifestation of the said allergic reaction according to Sinclair (2010). The average number of the people believed to be at risk of the aforementioned condition is about 1 to 15% if exposed to certain allergens. Experts believe that the estimated figures vary depending on the definitions of reaction (allergyfacts.org.au, n.d.). During an anaphylactic attack, the patient’s body reacts badly to allergens causing by food, venom, medication, and or insect bite. The body has a natural defense mechanism that fights the Continue reading...

Impact of Triclosan on Health

Introduction
Antimicrobial or antibacterial agents are commonly used as ingredients in many of the household products. This trend has increased the concern of growing level of chemicals in the environment that ultimately bring negative impact on human as well as animal health. Triclosan is one among them. It is a synthetic, and an antibacterial agent having broad spectrum that has exploded in the consumer market in last few years. There has been tremendous debate on the safety, regulation of its use and effectiveness of triclosan (The European Consumer Organization, (2012).
Triclosan contains antibacterial properties along with antiviral and antifungal Continue reading...

Immunoglobulins (Ig) are also known as antibodies and they have molecular weights between 160000 and 970000 (Guyton, 2006, p. 443). They are key components of the vertebrate immune system and are a part of the humoral immune system, forming the base of the B-Cell. Igs function in cell-cell recognition as well as structural organization and regulation of musucle (Harpaz, Chothia, 2004). All Igs are made up of a light and a heavy polypeptide chain, usually two of each, but they may contain many more (Guyton, 2006, p. 443). They contain discrete domains of approximately 100 amino acids that are Continue reading...

Introduction

People put different things into their bodies every single day, and people are even less concerned about what the food they eat is made of; nutrition is nutrition. The artificial dye content in food is a cause for concern, there are some people that are clueless as far as what artificial food dye is harmful. There are many kinds of artificial dyes that are found in foods such as Red 40 Allura Red, Citrus Yellow and Blue along with Green. These artificial dyes are very dangerous, and have been known to trigger different reactions within people. Some have been Continue reading...

Great University

Background
In this study, we plan to conduct an audit of medical practices at London University Hospital to determine how well the quality and evidence-based practices are being followed at the hospital regarding the common flu or allergic rhinitis symptoms. In this observational study, we plan to randomly select patients who have been regular to the hospital in the past two years. Further, we plan to evaluate whether they had been provided with evidence based care. This we primarily plan to do by evaluating the health records of the randomly selected patients, and evaluating if they have been provided Continue reading...