Essays on Vitamins

Background

Azithromycin has two names by which it is prescribed: Zmax and Zithromax. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of this medication to treat acute bacterial infections of the respiratory system, acute bacterial sinus infections, bacterial pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin structure infections, urethritis, cervicitis, and genital ulcer disease. The risks of using this medication include fatal heart rhythms when patients already suffer from cardiovascular conditions. The FDA also notes that this drug should not be used for long-term use1.

Azithromycin for Acute Bronchitis

Ten million adults visit their doctors every year to receive the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. In this pill-popping, ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Business

Executive summary Marketing is a fundamental process within the operational mandate of any organization. Accordingly, through marketing, businesses manage to generate product awareness through extensive approaches construed towards both product development and reach to target customers. Encompassing four facets of product, place, price and promotion, marketing is a holistic tool towards sustaining sales and market growth of an organization. Hence, through the inculcation of the diverse principles within the marketing facet, organizations reap successful outcomes. Most specifically, a marketing plan is directed towards developing an effective product policy statement in regards to vision, mission, goals and various approaches towards product launch ...

The debate about whether organic food is better than conventionally grown foods has been a questions asked by many people. Organic foods are known to be a healthy option and it is recommended by doctors, dietary and fitness experts. Organic foods do not have any special nutrients in them that conventionally grown foods do not have, rather organic foods are seen to be better because of the farming practices and the way that the foods are grown. Farmers of who grow organic products use different farming practices which that allows their foods to grow at their natural rate and time without ...

Inadequate insulin secretion leads to a rise in blood glucose levels, which is the main characteristics of diabetes. By the time a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is made, 70 to 80% of beta cell mass loss is already done. Loss of beta cells of pancreas occurs gradually, beginning much before the diagnosis of diabetes is made and continuing even after that. For this reason, the damage becomes irreversible (Cnop, 2005).

Skeletal benefits of vitamin D are well known and described widely in the literature, but in recent years, research has shown that Vitamin D seems to aid in ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs vary according to the stages of life. From infantry to adultery nutrition is a vitally important aspect of such characteristics as mental development, growth, sexual development and resistance to illnesses. That is why maintaining a well-organized healthy diet is crucial for providing the population with appropriate development and omitting health problems.

Infants

At the infantry stage the differences in nutrition for boys and girls are generally not observed. Infants are first of all fed through breast milk, which is preferable in all cases, and infant formula, if breast feeding is not available. Infants receive most calories from fats, namely omega-3 ...

The In-situ mid-IR spectroscopy can be considered as one of the ideal methods of monitoring bioreactors. This is as the nutrients consumption for the amino acids is monitored together with the waste products evolution for the lactates. The application of fiber-optic probes is part of the appropriate ways of turning the methods into real-time tools for monitoring (Vogel & Todaro, 2006). On the other hand, it is difficult to fully engage monitoring methods among the reactors which require sterilization while the insertion of the non-sterile probes and other monitoring devices become rather impossible (Roy, 2011). The interchangeable detachable and Remspec ...

Micronutrient and fast food

Meals that are commonly consumed at fast food restaurants are highly processed and high in fat content and calories. One such example of a fast food item is the Big Mac at the McDonald’s restaurant. It provides 540 calories and contains 32 gm of fat. However, this does not include the often included fries/chips and drink that are eaten as well with the meal. It is often times seen that the one such meal can actually provide calories and other macronutrients sufficient for the entire day.

Micronutrients are nutrients that are required for proper physiological function in human ...

This is a handout that highlights the effects of Polypharmacy in the elderly and how to reduce the related financial issues that might be associated. Polypharmacy is an administration of multiple medications at the same to treat different conditions. In most situations, those multiple descriptions are done inappropriately. That problem that usually results from Polypharmacy is that of adverse drug reactions or adverse drug interaction. Financial problems can also result from too much drug use.

Important keys to handling Polypharmacy risks are information, instruction and organization.

Information (In such situations, patients needs to) - Keep accurate list of all medicationsthis must be in terms of dosage, generic and brand names, ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

Human digestive system is distinctively different from herbivores and carnivores. Herbivores normally have longer digestive system compared to human and herbivores have digestive anatomy and bacteria symbiosis that allow them to digest cellulose from plant materials. Cellulose digestion in herbivores is assisted by bacteria in the rumen (partitioned stomach) or in the cecum (hindgut fermentation) in the case of cows and horses respectively. Carnivores have shorter digestive system compared to human, as carnivore’s nutrition comes from meat that can readily be broken down by enzymes into protein and amino acids.

Human is categorized as omnivore, and human ...

General purpose: Persuasive speech

Specific purpose: Why breakfast is the most important meal of the day Introduction: Ladies and gentle how would you feel if the world stops for few hours? Your body stops functioning simply because your ignorance. My husband found the answer to this question in a hard way that he would never try to relive that moment. He had the ritual of waking up late and rush to the office with a packet of four biscuits as his breakfast. However, one day as he was going about his usual busy schedule at the office, he felt weak and fainted. Lucky, ...

SUMMARY

Many of us deem fruits and veggies to be healthiest foods. We rarely think about these foods in terms of their transport, storage and their genetic modifications and enhancements. To be frank, our current foods are way far much worse than they were 50 years ago.

The genetic efforts to optimize sugar content in foods and resist pests have led to reduction in soil fertility. According to studies, the current foods have reduced their calcium, iron, and potassium content by 19%, 22% and 14% respectively. There is also a subsequent reduction of 38% in B2, and other significant reductions ...

Background

Pernicious Anemia (PA) is a chronic illness that is caused by impaired absorption of vitamin B-12 due to lack of (IF) intrinsic factor in gastric secretions. It is a condition in which the body lacks a sufficient number of red blood cells (hemoglobin). Present within red blood cells, hemoglobin is important for carrying oxygen in all body tissues. Pernicious anemia is therefore a decrease in red blood cells which occurs when one’s intestines cannot absorb vitamin B12 properly. The body needs vitamin B12 to make red blood cells. Pernicious anemia is most prevalent in Caucasian people of northern European lineage than in ...

- Explain how enzymes are involved in processes such as the breakdown of fructose Enzymes are organic catalysts. In this context, organic denotes the matter in question is generated or is obtained from a living life form. The word Catalyst indicates a matter that has the aptitude to boost a chemical reaction’s rate, and is neither transformed nor damaged by the reaction that it speeds up.

Many chemical reactions occur but a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. However, the enzymes are specific to certain functions. Generally, they may speed up a reaction, ...

4-10. The various trophic levels present in the diagram are first, second and third trophic levels. Producers form the base of the first trophic level. The second trophic level contains the herbivores or the grazers that consume food from the first level, while the third trophic level contains the carnivores, which feed on the second level for their food . Producers are the organisms that convert the energy received from light into chemical energy, such as food and sugar through the process of photosynthesis. The common examples of producers are plants, algae, rice, wheat and corn. The first-order consumers or ...

In this report, I have not been able to meet my target for fruit food group. This implies that there is deficiency with regard to certain nutrients that come from fruit. Vitamin C that comes from fruits is lacking. This requires a high intake of fruits in order to cover for this deficiency. As such, it is necessary to take fruits such as apples or banana after every meal in order to meet my target. It is necessary to plan for the fruit intake so that I can take fruits after every of the three daily meals . This will ensure ...

Botulinum toxin is a chemical toxin that is formed by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. This toxin affects the neurons and is considered as one of the most poisonous biological substances. It works by preventing the release of neurotransmitters particularly acetylcholine from the endings of the motor neurons (Nigam & Nigam, 2010). Botulinum toxin can easily be absorbed from mucous membranes, eyes, non-intact skin, or respiratory tract. Blood is not found to cause metabolism or change the bioavailability of the toxin. The toxin remains unmodified and affects the nerve endings in the same condition. Researchers have found that the elimination ...

Bacterial Growth Curve

If a group of scientist were preparing to perform an experiment to characterize a bacterium's ability to utilize maltose as a sugar source, during which phase of the growth curve would it be best to sample the bacteria for your experiment? Why?

Bacterial growth can be divided into 4 phases, Lag phase, Log phase, Stationary phase and Death phase. Adaptation of bacteria to the environment mainly happens during the Lag phase. Bacteria start utilizing available nutrients and multiple in Log phase. In this case, the ability of Maltose utilization of a strain of bacteria could be done determined in the log phase. ...

- Describe two features that make all enzymes catalysts.

Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of reaction between substances and remain unchanged in the reaction. Enzymes are vital to several bodily functions and make possible such processes like metabolism and catabolism. Two features that make enzymes catalysts is their ability to lower the activation energy and their inherent tendency to combine with coenzymes and cofactors. Activation energy is the minimum energy required to activate the molecules of reactants in order to initiate a chemical reaction. Some substrates have high activation energies that would need very high temperatures to activate ...

1. As we know bone is a hard tissue so in comparison to other tissues the vascularization and how it gets nutrients in general is unique and different from any other part of human body. A bone is blood supplied by three different systems, these are: Nutrient artery, Periosteal vessel, and epiphyseal vessels. The first layer covering any bone tissue is periosteum. Periosteum is a thin membrane, covering the outer surfaces of all bones. It contains an extensive network of blood vessels, and it’s small branches penetrate into the bone through minute channels, these branches supply the outer ⅓ of cortex. ...

Introduction

Elodea canadensis is a perennial hydrophyte, which is native to the majority of North America and was first recorded in about 1836 from the British Isles (Hackney, 1992). Young plants at first begin with a seedling stem and roots grow in mud at the underneath of water. More adventitious roots arise at intervals along the stem. The leaves are translucent, bright green, oblong, 1-4 mm broad and 6-17 mm long, borne in whorls of three round the stem (Rose, 2006). It lives completely submerged.

Blepharisma is a unicellular ciliate protists genus found in salt and fresh water (Miyake, Harumoto, Salvi, & Rivola, ...

Environment is the surrounding natural manifestations, which are an integral part that enhances the life of all living things. It is the platform on which live thrives hence the need for human attention thus leading to environmental studies. This discipline is charged with the responsibility of addressing all issues pertaining to the surrounding natural life. Environmental studies involve a wide view; therefore, this paper gives short answers to questions on various dimensions pertaining to the environment.

- The two major environmental worldviews are the deep ecological and the Western world environmental views. The western world environmental view holds that the ...

- The role of the stomach is to act as the storage for food and allow its slow release into the small intestine at intervals. Also, it allows food churning which helps break the food into smaller particles for easier for digestion. It is also a site of absorption of some foods. The liver serves to regulate the amount of blood components that circulate in peripheral blood. This includes the regulation of blood concentration of glucose and lipids after digestion. It also secretes bile which is important in the digestion of fats in diet. Salivary glands produce saliva which helps ...

Introduction

Vitamin D is an important ingredient that helps keep human body fit and healthy. It serves multiple functions in a human body and its deficiency can cause significant discomforts to humans. According to Lee et.al. (2008), deficiency of Vitamin D is common and prevalent in about 30% to 50% of population. The study aims at understanding the normal physiology of Vitamin D and its functions in a human body. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section describes the normal physiology of Vitamin D. The second section discusses its function. The third section concludes the paper.

Physiology of Vitamin D

Vitamin D are ...

Water is nutrient which is significant for health. Consuming adequate water helps in balancing fluid outside and inside body cells, regulating muscle and nerve functions, transporting nutrients, and helping in waste excretion. Human body lacks the capability to store adequate water, so there is need to replace the amount of water lost every day. Individual water needs differ greatly and is influenced by body composition and size, health status, environmental conditions, physical activity, and age.

There are a number of reasons for drinking water, particularly when one is dieting. Initial loss of weight is attributed to water loss; it is ...

Microbial nutrition is essential in the survival and growth of microorganisms. Talaro and Chess considers several factors which are key players in the survivability of microbes in order to adapt or “inhabit all parts of the biosphere.” Among these factors include nutrients, temperature, pH, water availability, atmospheric gases, light, pressure and other organisms inhabiting the earth. Nutrition in essence is that which chemical substance in the form of nutrients are ingested inside the body such that when assimilated leads to the formation of energy to be used for metabolic activities.

Organisms require organic forming compound elements such as ...

The main component of a healthy and balanced diet is in the parity of consumed nutrients and subsequent use of energy with the background of individual specifics and genetically predispositions (Grosvenor and Smolin, 2012, p.35).

Although the general guide is that a healthy diet is on balance of all food types, placing the main emphasis on vegetables, fruits, and only then on grains and proteins; but this also means that it is not enough simply to have a balance of fruits, grains, vegetables and proteins in equal measures, the assessment of individual necessity of particular nutrients is crucial for a healthy diet (Grosvenor ...

5. Supplementing rice, cereal, wheat flour (bread), and noodles with folic acid has been responsible for the 25 percent drop in neural tube defects.

12. The minerals on the provided label are sodium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, and manganese.

13. Highest DV is Manganese at 35%. This mineral is a type of trace mineral.

17. Magnesium affects the metabolism of potassium, calcium and vitamin D.

20. a) Iodine. The thyroid gland produces hormones important for metabolic processes. b) When a nuclear plant in Japan released radioactive forms of iodine, people took iodine pills to saturate their thyroids with the non-radioactive form to ...

Is baby Steven gaining too much weight too quickly? Based on growth patterns and recommended weight gains for infants under one year, baby Steven is gaining weight on a perfectly normal scale. Based on reports by the CDC the average weight a baby is supposed to add in the first month is between 4-7 ounces or 112 grams to 200 grams. During breast feeding, infants who are breastfed grow differently from those gaining their nourishment from supplements and formula (Johnson, 2012). The average weight gain for a breastfeeding baby is between 0.5 kg to 1 kilogram every month if growth. The height ...

Question: Because I want out find out what bariatric surgery entails, its implications and its safety when used to alleviate obesity

Significance: In order to help my reader understand the concept of obesity and the use of bariatric surgery as one of the options available for treating obesity. American College of Surgeons Testimony Statement of the American College of Surgeons to the Medicare Coverage Advisory (2004, November 4). Retrieved April, 12, 2013 from http://www.facs.org/ahp/testimony/bariatric.html

The article explores the use of bariatric surgery as one of the intervention and treatment modes of obesity. Bariatric surgery is actually one of ...

Living organisms depend on biochemistry to power various chemical reaction cycles which are important for the overall biological functioning of an organism. Chemical reactions occur at a specific rate in certain conditions and require input energy (activation energy) to be supplied before a reaction can begin. Since a reaction cycle consist of many consecutive step, slowing one step slows down the whole cycle. Enzymes are proteins which act as catalysts in biochemical reactions and speeds up reactions to rates that are high enough for biological functioning. Enzymes manage this by providing an alternative reaction route with lower activation energy.

The breakdown of ...

Overview of Diet Coke Plus

Diet Coke Plus was reportedly an extension in the Diet Coke product which aimed to address controversial ingredients in Diet Coke through the infusion of vitamins and minerals. As revealed, it was introduced in 2007 and allegedly targeted health conscious consumers who were acknowledged weight watchers and overly zealous in nutritional contents of their beverages. The ‘Plus’ extension to the brand name was emphasized to include: “15 percent of the recommended dietary allowance (according to the US Department of Agriculture) of niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, and 10 percent of the allowance for zinc and magnesium” ( ...

Define the terms ecology, ecosystem, and biosphere.

Ecology may be referred as the study of how organisms interact in their environment including both the physical (abiotic) and the living (biotic) aspects of the environment. Ecosystems endure through the (abiotic) and (biotic) relations within them. It also studies the community and the population, and assesses cause and effects of the reactions of communities and populations to change in environment.

On the other hand, an ecosystem may be referred to as a community of organisms that interrelate with each other and the non-living elements for sustainable adaptation and development to varying conditions. There many different forms of ecosystems that ...

Introduction

In most of the developed countries, there has been arising questions concerning Vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is mainly caused by lack of exposure to sunlight and a poor diet. Currently, and according to studies, there is no sufficient or optimal level known for Vitamin D. Lack of knowledge is causing uncertainty in the world. There are few people that understand the necessity of having Vitamin D supplement, while few have knowledge of the people that should use supplements (Consensus Vitamin D position statement, 2010). Despite the lack of sufficient information about Vitamin D supplements, there is the fear of ...

Lactation is the secretion of milk from mammary glands of a woman who has delivered an infant. This is the period of time in which the mother lactates to feed her child. In humans, it is commonly called as breastfeeding or nursing.1

This is a very important phase in the life of a woman where she needs to take care of her nutrition to keep the baby healthy, in short term as well as long term. The nutritional demands of lactating period are greater than the pregnancy period. In the first 4 to 6 months of life, infants double their weight they ...

The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) is an important term in both nutrition and dietary. One thing to bear in mind is the fact that the body requires certain proportion of key elements. This means that the body as a unit is specific about the concentration of dietary elements that it needs to function. RDA has been used in the field of diets and nutrition to determine the amount of food elements that should be consumed in order to enhance a healthy living. Looking at the classes of vitamins and minerals that constitute a 100 percent RDA, health specialists have indicated that it ...

I will first explain to them the basics of nutrition including the definition of the term, the classes of nutrients, concepts related to intake such as DRI, RDA, UI, AL and EAR. This will be followed by an introduction to macro and micro nutrients. Nutrients are regarded as part of treatment in health care settings. For example, postsurgical and burn patients are recommended diets high in protein to aid anabolic processes in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Oral or parenteral iron is given to patients in severe anemia. Therefore, their use is regulated by clinical guidelines to reduce the ...

Report on Case 1: Diagnosis of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, they speed up biological reactions and are also capable of regulation. Enzymatic reactions can be anabolic – where a new substance is built from smaller ones; or catabolic – where a substance is broken down to yield simpler molecules. In the example of fructose, enzymes catabolize this simple sugar to substances that are intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, allowing fructose, a 6-carbon sugar, to be used by cells to obtain energy in a way similar to glucose (also a 6-varbon sugar). Aldolase B is one of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of fructose, and its deficiency results in ...

Basal metabolism is the cumulative amount of energy that is spent by all animals at rest. For humans, rest hereby implies existing in a neutral self-controlled environment in a post absorptive state. On the other hand, physical activity is the movement of the body that is produced by the skeletal muscle and it requires energy expenditure for it to occur. Contrariwise, thermic effect of food, also referred to as TEF is the amount of energy that animals require above the basal metabolism following the demands by food processing and food storage. Basal metabolism is highly increased for Ken. In addition, the ...

Studying ion foreign countries is one area that has rapidly emerged as the in-thing in the modern world. Many people go for opportunities to study abroad with the hopes of getting a quality education. More often than not, the foreign students are often faced by various challenges. This essay looks at the difficulties faced by foreign students taking food technology.

Food Technology

Food technology is an exciting field in which many people desire to venture. However, it cannot be as interesting if one does not understand the meaning of some words and phrases that are used through the course. This is the ...

Nutrition is the act of providing the body cells and the whole human body with the necessary nutrients to support life. The nutrients include carbohydrate, proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and water. Taking these nutrients in the right amount will eventually dictate an individual's state of health. If taken in the right amount commonly referred to as a balanced diet, the individual remains healthy, vibrant, strong and highly productive. A poor diet is deleterious to health. Diseases and illnesses such as Kwashiorkor, Scurvy, Obesity, Diabetes mellitus, Metabolic syndrome X result. Also, other common chronic and vicious systemic diseases such as cardiovascular ...

Introduction

There are different factors that affect the metabolism, amount and size of muscles, the general size and many other features of living things, and in particular animals. A research was taken whose objective was to find the relevance and significance of the reproductive organs on these features. The research was based on the features that were observed from rats. The research based its finds on two categories of rats; castrate and normal productive rats. In the research, three hormones were identified and used as the points of reference in the findings. These hormones were Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), LH, ...

My current eating habits include approximately 2600 calories a day, based on what I entered into my Food Diary CheckPoint. Within my diet, I often eat vegetables whenever I think to, including bell peppers, onions, carrots and the like. I often have meat with many meals, including lean chicken breast and ground beef, sometimes ground pork. White rice is a substantial starch I find in my meals. My soda intake consists of almost strictly diet sodas, but they are still a nutrient lacking food that I should restrict. More nutrient-rich foods I occasionally eat include skim milk and Greek yogurt, as well ...

Introduction

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are very important processes. This paper highlights these two processes by giving an in-depth explanation of how these processes occur, where they occur, their importance, and the equations. The paper starts with the photosynthesis process as it answers the guiding questions, and ends with the cellular respiration process. Photosynthesis is the process of conversion of light energy into chemical energy and then storing it in sugar bonds. It occurs in plants and algae of the kingdom Protista. Photosynthesis is a process whereby the green plants utilize energy from the sun to convert water, carbon ...

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Several methods have ...

Introduction

Golden Rice refers to the rice that was developed by scientists for the purposes of supplementing the need for vitamin A. The reasons behind the efforts that were marshaled to push for its discovery were along realms of the urgency and the need to salvage the effects of lack of Vitamin A in most foods (Schulze). As a result of the lack of the vitamin, many children in the world are suffering. Ultimately, several deaths had been reported. At the same time, medical reports dictate that, pregnant women are also greatly affected by the lack of Vitamin A. For these ...

Introduction

Blood consists of erythrocytes and leucocytes suspended in it. Blood is pumped from the heart to the body through the arteries and it enters back in the heart through the veins. Blood without cells is known as plasma while serum is the straw colored liquid obtained after the removal of the clot. Plasma contains different proteins, nutrients and waste materials. There are different cases of blood disorders observed in humans.

Blood cells and platelets

The most abundant cells in the blood are the anucleate, biconcave erythrocytes. They contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin (Hb) that carries dioxygen (O2). Hb contains four subunits each ...

This is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted among a representative sample of the elderly people aged between 65 to 85 years. They are residents of Salisbury, MD. The main objective was to describe the reported usual dietary intakes of the participants in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) project and to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes using the probability approach. Food frequency questionnaires were used to obtain the level of nutrient intake among these participants. The questionnaires were to estimate the level intake of energy and protein. Percentage energy intake was determined by theintake of carbohydrates, fats and ...

Lesson 5 Answers:

24.) Plants are classified into four major groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and lastly the Angiosperms. Bryophytes are the plants that do not have true vascular systems, which consist of the xylem and the phloem. In this group, includes the mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are considered as land plants that reproduce their own asexually by producing spores. Spores are produced in the ‘sporangium’ (plural sporangia), a bulb-like structure located at the top of the stalk. It can only be seen through the use of high powered microscope. Because they lack vessels that can bring the nutrients from the roots ...

Statistical inference

Let’s first examine what it means in statistical terms. Say, for example, we are evaluating employees on parameters such as; sales, customer approval ratings, and manager’s ratings. But, sales are calculated in dollars, customer approval ratings on Likert’s scale, and manager’s ratings have a maximum score of 40. If we don’t convert these ratings into standard scores, we will end up comparing apples to oranges. So, to convert these scores into a standard score, we first subtract mean score from it. Then we divide the remainder by standard deviation. The result is a standard score, also called ...

- What percentage of your diet comes from fat? 30 % - Are you consuming enough calories? How many calories should you be consuming daily? No, I am suppose to be consuming 2000 calories daily. - Discuss the differences you found between your nutritious diet and you favorite diet. My favourite diet is below the daily intake of calories and my nutritious diet has enough calories for my daily intake, therefore I am changing my dietary from today henceforth. - Discuss the quality of your nutritious diet as well as other things you learned from doing this ...

Logging involves the cutting down of trees and is a historical phenomenon that dates back to the emergence of human kind on earth. The practice has evolved over time with technological advancement. This paper discusses the advantages. The following are some of the advantages of logging. Trees like any other plant compete for nutrients and sunlight. Therefore cutting down some of the trees minimizes the competition of the finite nutrients. The mature trees take nutrients and compete unhealthily with the young ones and hence the need to remove them. Such spacing also ensures that the undergrowth gets sunlight for ...

Effect of continuous production of cotton on soil in Texas

Soil conservation involves management strategies that help in the prevention of soil from being eroded from the earth’s surface. Soil conservation also prevents the soil from being chemically poisoned by activities such as acidification, overuse, salinization and other chemical related contaminations. Water conservation involves the strategies, activities and policies put in place to manage fresh quality water. In Texas, dust bowl region, the continuous production of cotton in the early twentieth century and the nineteenth century had a devastating effect the soil around the region. It is shown in records that, between the years 1926 and 1937, the ...

Importance of Nutrition

Nutrition is important because it affects body development and systems at all the stages of an individual’s life. Diet affects mood alteration, mental development, physical well-being, and behavior. Nutrition affects physical health because the amount and quality of food eaten determine the availability of energy needed and the nutrients. The nutrients in the food are important in coordinating the activities of the nerves and the muscles. Nutrition affects mental health in that the brain requires certain nutrients found in food for proper functioning. Poor nutrition can influence the mind by causing depression, poor sleep, fatigue and poor concentration ( ...

Essay

Bacteria in a closed bioreactor grow and decay in four stages because they sterile culture of cells. It a bioreactor incorporates environmental conditions such as temperature, dissolved gases and nutrient concentration that integrate to help bacteria and eventually decaying. The underlying conditions make the bacteria to grow to maximum level. Since the bacteria is in a closed bioreactor, the underlying conditions become more as the maximum growth is attained thus leading to their decay.

Lag phase In the lag phase, growth and reproduction has just begun. Inoculum is the bacteria undergoing metabolism and the environmental conditions required include nutrient limitation, inhibitors, ...

Part A

How Enzymes Act As Protein Catalysts in Biochemical Processes Catalysis refers to the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but does not undergo a permanent chemical change in the process. Enzymes are catalysts whose building blocks are amino acids: they are proteins. Enzymes also exhibit a defined three-dimensional structure. In addition, they have a cleft on their surface called active site. The active site is the region where substrate interactions take place. Enzymes play important roles in fructose metabolism. The first step of fructose metabolism in the liver is the phosphorylation of ...

Introduction

Q1 . The fundamental requirement for a living cell to sustain itself are a carbon source, an energy source, an electron donor, an electron acceptor and elemental nutrients(N,P, S, Mg,) etc. Explain how each of these fundamental requirements are needed by the living cell to function. Explain how the cell can maintain its own internal biological processes without being in equilibrium with the external environment. The living cells can function within a constricted range of such conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, ion, temperature, etc. The cell must coordinate different chemical reactions and consolidate many different molecules into definite structures, ...

NUTRITION LABELLING REGULATIONS

The labelling of the nutritional level had been made mandatory in 1990 in the United States of America in all the food products, specially the ones who claims to have additional features in the food product, like, “low carbohydrate” or “calcium rich”. Especially from 2006, special regulation has been set up for trans fatty acids. It is now mandatory to mention the level of trans fatty acids on all the food products, keeping in mind the growing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Though the list of contents is bit different among different countries, but the basic motive remains the same, ...

My fascination with Science, especially in Chemistry prompted me to pursue a career tract where I can utilize my love the subject. Incline with reflecting on both my personality and interest; I realized I wish to embark on a developing field such as Pharmacy. I believe that my field of choice will soon introduce breakthrough in the field of medicine and will bring positive results to society. I find working in this field inspiring and challenging. As a person, I am always looking at every chance I get to stretch my capabilities beyond my personal limitations. My decision to pursue pharmacy ...