Essays on Vitamins

Background

Early scientists and nutritionists believed that the most vital nutrient in living organisms, for building and maintaining the body was the protein. The role of proteins as enzymes came into existence several years later. This was around 1926 when experiments showed that enzymes were proteins. Insulin was the first protein to be sequenced. Hemoglobin was the first structure of proteins to be resolved. Myoglobin was then resolved later.

X-ray diffraction analysis (X-ray crystallography) led to the determination of the structure of the proteins (three-dimensional structure). The purification of proteins can be made possible from cellular compounds. Continue reading...

Introduction

Golden Rice refers to the rice that was developed by scientists for the purposes of supplementing the need for vitamin A. The reasons behind the efforts that were marshaled to push for its discovery were along realms of the urgency and the need to salvage the effects of lack of Vitamin A in most foods (Schulze). As a result of the lack of the vitamin, many children in the world are suffering. Ultimately, several deaths had been reported. At the same time, medical reports dictate that, pregnant women are also greatly affected by the lack of Vitamin A. For Continue reading...

Introduction

Blood consists of erythrocytes and leucocytes suspended in it. Blood is pumped from the heart to the body through the arteries and it enters back in the heart through the veins. Blood without cells is known as plasma while serum is the straw colored liquid obtained after the removal of the clot. Plasma contains different proteins, nutrients and waste materials. There are different cases of blood disorders observed in humans.

Blood cells and platelets

The most abundant cells in the blood are the anucleate, biconcave erythrocytes. They contain a red pigment known as hemoglobin (Hb) that carries dioxygen (O2). Hb contains four subunits Continue reading...

This is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted among a representative sample of the elderly people aged between 65 to 85 years. They are residents of Salisbury, MD. The main objective was to describe the reported usual dietary intakes of the participants in the Salisbury Eye Evaluation (SEE) project and to estimate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intakes using the probability approach.
Food frequency questionnaires were used to obtain the level of nutrient intake among these participants. The questionnaires were to estimate the level intake of energy and protein. Percentage energy intake was determined by theintake of carbohydrates, fats Continue reading...

Lesson 5 Answers:

24.) Plants are classified into four major groups: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and lastly the Angiosperms. Bryophytes are the plants that do not have true vascular systems, which consist of the xylem and the phloem. In this group, includes the mosses, liverworts and hornworts. Together, they are considered as land plants that reproduce their own asexually by producing spores. Spores are produced in the ‘sporangium’ (plural sporangia), a bulb-like structure located at the top of the stalk. It can only be seen through the use of high powered microscope. Because they lack vessels that can bring the nutrients from the Continue reading...

Statistical inference

Let’s first examine what it means in statistical terms. Say, for example, we are evaluating employees on parameters such as; sales, customer approval ratings, and manager’s ratings. But, sales are calculated in dollars, customer approval ratings on Likert’s scale, and manager’s ratings have a maximum score of 40. If we don’t convert these ratings into standard scores, we will end up comparing apples to oranges. So, to convert these scores into a standard score, we first subtract mean score from it. Then we divide the remainder by standard deviation. The result is a standard Continue reading...

- What percentage of your diet comes from fat? 30 %
- Are you consuming enough calories? How many calories should you be consuming daily? No, I am suppose to be consuming 2000 calories daily.
- Discuss the differences you found between your nutritious diet and you favorite diet. My favourite diet is below the daily intake of calories and my nutritious diet has enough calories for my daily intake, therefore I am changing my dietary from today henceforth.
- Discuss the quality of your nutritious diet as well as other things you learned from doing this lab. The nutritional quality Continue reading...

Logging involves the cutting down of trees and is a historical phenomenon that dates back to the emergence of human kind on earth. The practice has evolved over time with technological advancement. This paper discusses the advantages. The following are some of the advantages of logging.
Trees like any other plant compete for nutrients and sunlight. Therefore cutting down some of the trees minimizes the competition of the finite nutrients. The mature trees take nutrients and compete unhealthily with the young ones and hence the need to remove them. Such spacing also ensures that the undergrowth gets sunlight for Continue reading...

Effect of continuous production of cotton on soil in Texas

Soil conservation involves management strategies that help in the prevention of soil from being eroded from the earth’s surface. Soil conservation also prevents the soil from being chemically poisoned by activities such as acidification, overuse, salinization and other chemical related contaminations. Water conservation involves the strategies, activities and policies put in place to manage fresh quality water. In Texas, dust bowl region, the continuous production of cotton in the early twentieth century and the nineteenth century had a devastating effect the soil around the region.
It is shown in records that, between the years 1926 and 1937, the Continue reading...

Importance of Nutrition

Nutrition is important because it affects body development and systems at all the stages of an individual’s life. Diet affects mood alteration, mental development, physical well-being, and behavior. Nutrition affects physical health because the amount and quality of food eaten determine the availability of energy needed and the nutrients. The nutrients in the food are important in coordinating the activities of the nerves and the muscles. Nutrition affects mental health in that the brain requires certain nutrients found in food for proper functioning. Poor nutrition can influence the mind by causing depression, poor sleep, fatigue and poor concentration ( Continue reading...

Essay

Bacteria in a closed bioreactor grow and decay in four stages because they sterile culture of cells. It a bioreactor incorporates environmental conditions such as temperature, dissolved gases and nutrient concentration that integrate to help bacteria and eventually decaying. The underlying conditions make the bacteria to grow to maximum level. Since the bacteria is in a closed bioreactor, the underlying conditions become more as the maximum growth is attained thus leading to their decay.

Lag phase
In the lag phase, growth and reproduction has just begun. Inoculum is the bacteria undergoing metabolism and the environmental conditions required include nutrient Continue reading...

Part A

How Enzymes Act As Protein Catalysts in Biochemical Processes
Catalysis refers to the speeding up of a chemical reaction by a catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction but does not undergo a permanent chemical change in the process. Enzymes are catalysts whose building blocks are amino acids: they are proteins. Enzymes also exhibit a defined three-dimensional structure. In addition, they have a cleft on their surface called active site. The active site is the region where substrate interactions take place. Enzymes play important roles in fructose metabolism. The first step of fructose metabolism in Continue reading...

Introduction

Q1 . The fundamental requirement for a living cell to sustain itself are a carbon source, an energy source, an electron donor, an electron acceptor and elemental nutrients(N,P, S, Mg,) etc. Explain how each of these fundamental requirements are needed by the living cell to function. Explain how the cell can maintain its own internal biological processes without being in equilibrium with the external environment.
The living cells can function within a constricted range of such conditions such as nutrient availability, pH, ion, temperature, etc. The cell must coordinate different chemical reactions and consolidate many different molecules into Continue reading...

NUTRITION LABELLING REGULATIONS

The labelling of the nutritional level had been made mandatory in 1990 in the United States of America in all the food products, specially the ones who claims to have additional features in the food product, like, “low carbohydrate” or “calcium rich”. Especially from 2006, special regulation has been set up for trans fatty acids. It is now mandatory to mention the level of trans fatty acids on all the food products, keeping in mind the growing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Though the list of contents is bit different among different countries, but the basic motive remains the same, Continue reading...

My fascination with Science, especially in Chemistry prompted me to pursue a career tract where I can utilize my love the subject. Incline with reflecting on both my personality and interest; I realized I wish to embark on a developing field such as Pharmacy. I believe that my field of choice will soon introduce breakthrough in the field of medicine and will bring positive results to society. I find working in this field inspiring and challenging. As a person, I am always looking at every chance I get to stretch my capabilities beyond my personal limitations.
My decision to Continue reading...

The common tragedy explains the unfortunate events occurring due to our negligence, ignorance and lack of interest to the issue. This theory claims that if all share a source and is there for the common use it would take no time to become a rare resource. Therefore, to avoid such a situation our moral values are to be altered so the society can benefit overall and not just one party or the other.

Pastures

The video explains how the farms which are located near the rivers and its tributaries, which includes the nutrients and fertilizers in it, mixes in the Continue reading...

Introduction

Obesity and overweight have been classified as global and serious conditions that have an adverse effect on the human health. Obesity and overweight conditions are defined as excessive or abnormal accumulation of fat that may negatively affect health. In adults the obesity and overweight are measured by the body mass index (BMI), which is simple weight-for-height index (WHO, 2014). The BMI is computed by the ratio of the individual's body weight to the square of body height, indicated in Kg/m2 (WHO, 2014). According to W.H.O., (World Health Organisation), a BMI equal or above 25 is considered as overweight while Continue reading...

Harvey requires enough energy to perform. Consequently, he must consume enough calories to meet all his energy needs. The actual requirement for calorie intake depends on one’s level of fitness and bodyweight. In addition, the intensity, frequency, and duration of physical activity also greatly influence one’s actual energy requirement.

Carbohydrates

Given that Harvey’s daily workouts involve high-intensity activities, his calorie intake should comprise of between55 to 70 percent carbohydrates. In this case, 3 grams per pound of body weight would be appropriate. Based on this recommendation, Harvey should consume approximately 480 grams of carbohydrates per day in Continue reading...

Introduction

The original goal of this report is to provide essential reasons about why such business might have necessitated in our area and how people can have varieties of fresh produce without any seasonal barriers. Populations of these cities are growing day by day, and most of the lands are going under housing projects, so the farming lands undergo destruction for housings. Hydroponics is the solution. It can benefit us with so many other factors such as, no need for workers, no need for lands, no needs for large investments and (etc.) (Guffey& Loewy, 310).

Land and water are becoming Continue reading...

An Analysis

An Analysis
Weight Watchers diet started in September 1961 when Jean Nidetch, an overweight woman from Queens, New York, discovered that the most effective keys to weight control are actually "empathy, rapport and mutual understanding." This discovery was made while she was talking to her friends who, like her, had trouble sticking to their diets and were thus gaining weight instead of losing it. What started as a mutual support meeting between her and a few friends grew to be a world-wide weight control organization now commonly called the Weight Watchers. Officially, Weight Watchers International became a company in Continue reading...

Many things are similar between the terms health and nutrition. Health is an all-encompassing term, which includes nutrition. Part of being healthy is proper nutrition; without proper nutrition, the effects can be detrimental. With good nutrition, human body can heal itself from many different illnesses and restore to health. There are numerous positive effects to balanced diet and nutrition. Many diseases can be prevented by consuming an adequate amount of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. The primary focus of the paper is to discuss three main aspects of good nutrition namely 1) Recommended Dietary Allowances, 2) Nutritional assessment is to Continue reading...

Food items such as eggs, vegetable oil, walnut, fish and milk all vary greatly from each other. Do these items still have anything in common? The answer to this question is ‘Yes’. Lipids are the ones arousing a sense of similarity between them.
Lipids are the group of organic compounds like fats, mono-glycerides, di-glycerides, tri-glycerides, fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and k) and some components of membranes which usually do not react with water but yet they group together. In other words, Lipids may be defined as the molecules containing hydrocarbons and making up the building blocks of Continue reading...

Abstract

Adequate nutrition is required for optimal wound healing. The normal processes that allow the progress of wound healing are disrupted due to nutritional deficiencies. Increased infection rates and decreased wound tensile strength are associated with malnutrition. Chronic on-healing wounds are formed in malnourished patients or individuals. Such patients can develop infections, pressure ulcers, and delayed wound healing. Morbidity and mortality among malnourished patients with chronic wounds constitute a serious clinical concern. Wound healing is considered as a complex process. It is the process of replacing injured tissue with new tissue (produced by the body). Production of new tissue is Continue reading...

Abstract

Different physical and ecological events along the Gulf of Mexico allows the toxic phytoplankton – red algae to become dominant. The phosphorus-rich nutrient supply encourages phytoplankton succession. The objective of the paper is to study the background of red algae, and why the downstream red tides have only increased over the last couple of decades. The toxic red tides are seen in similar coastal habitats of the western boundary currents China, New Zealand, Japan, and South Africa.

Introduction

The Gulf of Mexico is looked at as a marginal sea as it is linked to the major oceans and the procedures that Continue reading...

October 24, 14

Summary of the article
Biochemistry - the science that studies carbon compounds with other organic elements and the laws of their transformation. This science studies the chemicals, their structure and distribution in the body. There are three subdivisions of biochemistry:
- Chemistry of life
- Study of activities on the molecular level
- Studying chemical processes within the living organisms.
Biochemistry is generally applied in 3 spheres: Medicine(with the help of biochemistry new cures are being constantly created), Food industry(is used for nutrition) and Agriculture( it is applied for increment of crop cultivation and creating more efficient Continue reading...

Following the story of the use of ethanol to provide warmth in cold environments, this paper presents research on the effect the consumption of ethanol has on an individual’s body temperature. Firstly, the distribution of heat in the body is done by the blood. Through the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, the body loses and retains head respectively. Given that ethanol enters the bloodstream directly upon consumption, its effects are almost immediate. Its presence in the blood causes the widening of blood vessels due to its vasodilation effect (Eston & Reily, 2013).
This results in an increase in Continue reading...

Systemic Clearance Extended Calculation

Data: Pharmacokinetic parameters: Fraction unbound (fu), 0.5; Clearance by active secretion (CLsec), 2L/h; Fraction reabsorbed (FR), 0.25; Hepatic Extraction Ratio (EH), 0.25.
Q: Total Systemic Clearance (CLtotal) =?
Formula: CLtotal = (F * D) / AUC (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)
Where, F = fraction of dose absorbed (mg), (1 – FR) * (1 – EH ) (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)
AUC = area under the curve (mg/L/h), (Δt /2) * Cf (Summit PK, 2014)
D = single dose (mg), Q * AUC * F (RMI Pharmacokinetics, 2014)

Computation:

Step 1: Computation of F
F = (1 – FR) * (1 - EH )
F = (1 - .25mg) * (1 - .25) = .75 * .75
F = 0.5625 mg

Step 2: Computation of AUC

AUC = (Δt /2) * Continue reading...

In the Moreland School District community Gardening Program, there are various activities that the program seeks to achieve. The group mainly comprise of people who love and appreciates gardening. Their main aim is to provide a natural environment for both social and recreational opportunities. In addition, the programme seeks to produce inexpensive foods. The program is open for all people above the age of eighteen within the Moreland district. Outsiders are not allowed. People living in the same address may each have a personal plot that is rented at a fee ($ 125 per annum).
The program adheres to strict Continue reading...

TEMPRANILLO

Tempranillo is one of the grape varieties grown in various regions of the world for making wine. The grape species mature much earlier than the red grapes in Spain. Originally, Tempranillo was dry grown (Intrigliolo D. and Castel J, 2008). However, irrigation has increased drastically in Spain for the past few decades. Tempranillo was grown in Liberia in ancient times; when Phoenicians settled in Liberia.
There are several regions in the world that grow Tempranillo. The main ones include Spain and Portugal. However, it is also grown is some parts of USA and Australia. These regions have different terroir. Continue reading...

Question 2: How many serves of each of the five food groups and discretionary foods did you have on average across your two days? Comment on how this intake compares to the recommended serves listed in the Australian Dietary Guidelines appropriate to your age and gender? Which foods contributed most to your intake, or were missing from your intake if you ate minimal serves from a particular food group? (600 words)
Across the two days, each of the food category was only served once with an exception of whole meal bread (carbohydrate and dietary fiber) and chicken-meat (hem protein), Continue reading...

English

There is a serious debate about what makes a healthy food. Many people argue that vegetarians eat healthy food and people who eat meat also argue that they eat healthy foods. The fact of the matter is that a healthy food needs good nutrition. In today’s society, people are very conscious about their bodies and their health in general. There are thousands of recipes and nutritional diets that are out there to help in keeping people healthy and being fit. What makes a healthy food is a balanced nutrition. Many people do not have the right nutritional balance Continue reading...

Introduction

Monitoring one’s diet is important since it informs dietary choices that one should make in order to achieve and maintain healthy lifestyle and good health. Therefore, I took part in recording my food intake and exercise habits for three weeks. Nutrition determines many aspects of human beings. As the common adage goes, ‘we are what we eat.’ This adage implies that what we eat defines many of our aspects. Nutrition is indispensable to human health. Similarly, physical exercise plays a major role in promoting good health. For instance, it improves general health and helps achieve glycemic control among Continue reading...

Nutritional Report

- Introduction:
This report analyses my nutritional intake for three days. I have created a record of my food intake amounts for three consecutive days. The goal of this exercise was to record how balanced my diet is, whether I am within my recommended calorie and nutrition intake and what are the factors that affect my food choices. It is also an initiative at improving the quality of my diet. It is an attempt at finding healthier food alternatives. The motive behind this is not to participate in futile calorie counting, but to make sure I am giving my Continue reading...

American Military University

Introduction
Korsakoff’s Syndrome is reflected by impaired memory processes. Both existing memories and new formations are affected by this syndrome. Not all memory processes work in the same way. Throughout this paper, it shall be explored and discussed the different types of memory processes that are mostly affected by this syndrome. We will evaluate some researches done on Implicit, Explicit and Contextual memory recollections to find out which of these is the most affected by this syndrome. Furthermore, in order to understand how Korsakoff's Syndrome works we shall also look at the history of the condition starting with Continue reading...

Fantastic Voyage - II

It is Day 1 and I am in a mini sub, all set to travel across the wonders of the human body, as the said body ingests junk food that we eat daily. I expect this video and my report will demonstrate the effects of such food inside our body, since on the outside we are blissfully unaware about these possibly harmful. We shall see.
Now let me get into the details. This is your name from “Fantastic Voyage”, reporting from a mini submarine that is 8 microns long, and today I will show you the complex innards of Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

The research capitalizes on the condition of coastal marine environment due to eutrophication (Gray, Shiu-sun Wu and Or). This process of enrichment that is suppose to foster growth to marine and aquatic life is believed to have an adverse effect due to the disturbance that it creates in the marine system. According to the authors, eutrophication facilitates for excessive nutrient absorption of most aquatic plants and microorganism. As a result, it increases the rate of sedimentation that results to hypoxia. When this happens, fishes and other marine life forms do not receive sufficient oxygen. Malabsorption of oxygen stags growth. Continue reading...

- Describe the normal events of fetal development. How does malnutrition impair fetal development?
Normal events of fetal development: Normal events of development of a fetus take place in the inner uterine wall of the mother throughout a gestation. A fertilized egg or zygote moves through fallopian tube and reaches to the uterus.
During 0 to 3-weeks of gestation, the zygote develops into an embryo within a biological pocket or amniotic sac. As the embryo develops, the amniotic sac, filled with fluid gets enlarged, where the fetus floats. This fluid protects the fetus from injury throughout gestation period. Tentacles Continue reading...

(Author Full Name)
(Professor Name)

The Importance of a Balanced Diet
Introduction- What is a Balanced Diet?
We often hear people asking nowadays; “What is a balanced diet?”, or “What constitutes a balanced diet?” A balanced diet is any diet which contains foods from all the main food groups in accurate and optimal proportions to provide the body with maximum nutrition.  It should also comprise of the exact number of calories to attain and sustain a healthy weight, enable the consumer to maintain their Body Mass Index (BMI) and be low in processed foods, cholesterol and excess sugars.  Every Continue reading...

Introduction

As a regular customer of milk from Island Farms, this paper will be based on my experience with the product. The description will entail my experience at the store, the product itself as well as the consumer behavior characteristics that are evident during my interaction with the product.
Milk is a good source of easily digestible protein. In addition, it contains Calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12. These are essential nutrients that are needed by the body for growth, protection from infections, and to keep bones healthy and strong. Milk can be in the form of fresh milk or Continue reading...

Nutrition is an indispensable component of care. It is from food intake that the body obtains the micro and macro nutrients needed to maintain and improve health. Diet is also an area of regulation for the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Care plans focused on nutrition necessarily must be individualized to take into account unique needs arising from specific medical conditions, the client’s developmental stage, and cultural preferences. Developing a care plan entails evaluating for nutritional risk, defining the goals of nutrition therapy, identifying interventions and expected outcomes, implementing the interventions, providing education, and promoting safety.

Evaluation of Nutritional Risk

Continue reading...