Essays on Vitamins

The Women’s Health Initiative is a long-term national health study that started in April 1991. WHI is a result of a growing scientific interest and an urgent need for better understanding of the nature of women’s diseases. The entire project employed 161, 808 women of 50-79 years of age, and therefore, became one of the most far reaching women’s health experiments that have ever been taken in the U.S. The clinical trial consisted of three parts such as hormone therapy, dietary modification and calcium/vitamin D supplements. They were dedicated to the issue of preventing cancer, osteoporosis ...

Issue Analysis for Agriculture or Environment

Issue Analysis for Agriculture or Environment

The issue we are going to discuss is “does agriculture have bad effects on climate?” agriculture is an important field of work that is not related to a single area or a country. The entire world is directly or indirectly is related to it. The agriculture is extremely important that humans cannot survive without it. What about our environment? Is there any effect of agriculture on the climate? Are they associated with each other in any manner? In this paper, we are going to look at this issue. According to my point of ...

Quality and Safety Practice: Prevention of Patient Falls - Literature Review

Introduction Whether an elderly person is living alone, with others, within a nursing home, or under care in a medical facility, falling is a major threat. For seniors older than 65 years of age living in a community situation, one in three will suffer a fall every year; for individuals over 85 years of age, the rate climbs to half of all residents (Cameron et al., 2010; CBO, 2004; Neyens, 2007; Tinetti, 2003). If an elderly adult is institutionalized, the possibility of falling in a year rises to 1.5 to 2 times (Dijcks et al., 2005) and a serious ...

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States. Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, n.d.). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, the elderly account for 56% and 70% of all new cancer diagnoses and mortalities in the country (Browner, n.d.). The cancer burden in ...

Diabetes mellitus in itself is considered an endocrine issue. When determining the priority diagnoses for an admitted patient, however, it is important to consider taking an all-encompassing perspective with regards to the pathophysiology of each patient and address each issue accordingly. The priorities in the selected aggregate for diabetes mellitus are as follows: Firstly, there is the situation of unbalanced nutrition often evidenced by increased urinary output (or dilute urine), recent weight loss and a decrease in muscle tone, disinterest in eating, diarrhea and an increase in ketosis. Some of the pathophysiological factors that may have led up to ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has an important role in regulating cellular energy equilibrium. It acts as a cellular energy sensor and can respond to low levels of ATP in the body (Jornayvaz & Shulman, 2010). AMPK activation can positively regulates signaling pathways that are involved in replenishing cellular ATP supplies, fatty acid oxidation, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis. AMPK is not only involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, but it is also involved in biogenesis of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) (Dominy & Puigserver, 2013). Research shows that AMPK increases mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) transcription (Fernandez-Marcos & Auwerx, 2011). ...

Constructive eating practices are essential for the betterment of one’s health. In fact, a lack thereof leads to poor fitness and exposes one to the vulnerabilities of disease attack. As a result, there is a need to be cautious of feeding practices to secure proper well-being. Over the past week, I have been monitoring my feeding patterns to get feedback on my consumption practices. After keen analysis of what I had been consuming in the last few days, I have noted the need to reevaluate my food consumption patterns. This is largely attributed to the fact that multiple ...

It is very true of today that when one walks amongst a huge crowd of people of all the different age and sizes, it will strike immediately that the thinner, slimmer person is better looking, perhaps more active and even beautiful, whereas the fatter, heavier-looking person is slow, dull and unattractive to the eyes. This viewpoint is associated with years and years of psychological conditioning about the views on fat and thin people and how one’s weight is associated with their personal attributes and abilities. This is the viewpoint propagated by the writer Mary Worley in her article ...

I. Google Search A. http://www.mymsaa.org/about-ms/overview/ This is a website of Multiple Sclerosis Association of America. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease wherein the myelin sheath sof the nerves are damaged causing symptoms such as numbness, fatigue, mobility problems and more (Mymsaa.org). 5 Facts

A steroid (Cortisone) was first to treat Multiple Sclerosis relapses in the year 1951.

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot gave MS its name in 1868. The myelin sheath or the protective covering of nerves is damaged in MS. “Lesions” or “plaques” are the inflamed or damaged areas in the brain and spinal cord. Worldwide, about 2.5 million individuals have Multiple Sclerosis. (Mymsaa.org) No specific author was indicated in the page. ...

Discussion Question 1

Having attended a birthday party, an assortments of foods were served among them beef, rice, and the mandatory cake. An analysis of the dietary compositions of this food revealed that beef contained up to about 24g for every 100g of protein in a single serving, 16g of fat content in 100g and no carbohydrates. Rice was found to have a high source of carbohydrates about 23 grams per 100-gram serving, 1g fat per 100g serving and 3g per 100g serving protein content. Similarly, the cake served was high in carbohydrates about 60 grams per 100g serving with minor composition ...

Jane Doe

Questions: Describe how burn wounds are classified. Identify and describe Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries. Burn wounds are classified using four degrees that are based on the severity of how many layers of the dermis have been damaged; the higher the degree of burn classification, the more severe the burn injury and damage done to the patients skin and body. In the case of Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries, he sustains both 2nd and 1st degree burns covering approximately 40 percent of his body.

Explain the “rule of nines” used in assessment of burn injury.

When assessing burn injuries, the “rule of nines” is a formula to assess how much ...

In the heart, a large number of the vital pathway, which includes energy metabolism, stress response, and survival, apoptosis, oxygen sensing, and inflammation response are all regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a cellar redox state (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Through upregulation of proapoptotic proteins and mitochondrial-dependent signaling pathways, ROS is part of a process of cardiac remodeling, cell death and hypertrophy (Dickinson & Chang, 2011). Molecular oxygen is a center for both formations of NO and regulation of ROS as significant energy metabolism by-products. Since the intermediates that are meant to be short-lived can either act as signaling molecules ...

There is a lot of focus and puzzles on hypoxic drive in the modern society. What is hypoxic drive and what are the processes that facilitate it? Hypoxia refers to a condition where there is lack of oxygen in a part of the body or the entire body. In this condition, the patient’s body utilizes oxygen chemoreceptors rather than carbon dioxide to regulate the respiratory cycle (Greaves et al. 120). This essay discusses biochemical, physiological, epidemiological, and clinical evidence to support hypoxic drive in the chronic hypercapnia patient (Galvagno 58).

Macro and micro neural circuity involved in respiratoty/ventilator drives and pattern generation

Rhythmic respiratory movements originate from neutral activity. Specialized ...

Vitamins and Minerals

(Author, Department, University,

Abstract Vitamins and minerals are among the most essential nutrients as they help in performing many important functions of the body. They are of different kinds as, for example, vitamins are either water-soluble, which cannot be stored in the body, or fat-soluble, which can be stored in the body. Similarly, minerals can include those, which are required in sufficiently larger amount such as calcium and iron, and those, which are required in tiny amounts such as trace minerals including copper and selenium. These essential nutrients are present in sufficient quantities in our foods including vegetables and ...

Executive Summary

Introduction Company Background The Mr. Bean Group Limited is a Singaporean based food and beverage retailer registered with an intra vires role of production, packaging and distribution of soya bean-based foods, food products, and drinks. The company, founded in 1995, produces soya milk as its major product among other products such as beancurd, grass jelly, soya beans, ice creams and pancakes. It is a subsidiary of the larger Super Bean International Company, and it has a considerably large market share in the South-east Asia. The Group has a sizable number of outlets including 50 outlets in Singapore and an ...

Investigating how light intensity will affect the rate of photosynthesis, with the help of DCPIP, in Spinach leaves.

The aim of this experiment is to find out how the rate of change of light intensity affect the photosynthesis in spinach leaves. Successful farming of food crops is very essential for both the nutritional and financial health of a nation. Governments of almost every nation invest land and labour to crop farming, as much as is possible, keeping in mind the other needs of a country. But, however, due to many reasons the maximum crop yield possible is not always achieved. For the production of a healthy crop certain conditions are necessary. The primary among these conditions are ...

Abstract

This essay outlined a debatable question associated with humanity which is the greatest threat to global biodiversity. Biodiversity exists abundantly in the form of plants, animals, and organisms that is imperative to satisfy our basic needs. However, it is widely threatened over the years, and many organisms have gone into extinction due to various activities frequently driven by humans. Numerous species and ecosystems are being put to the threat of destruction with a higher rate of extinction. In fact, the technological advancement has transformed the world that leads to deforestation & habitat revolution, food demand, overexploitation, the introduction of invasive ...

Vitamin C and calcium: daily needs and food sources

Vitamin C: daily needs and food sources The daily need of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), depending on the labor intensity and the age is 64-108 mg for men and 55-79 mg for women. Scientists have concluded that 1200 mg of vitamin C per day helps to prevent falling ill during flu epidemics. It is actually sufficient to take only 100 mg, but after an appearance of the first signs of the disease, the dose should be increased up to 1 g. For those who smoke a pack of cigarettes per day (20 pieces) the dose should be increased by ...

Assignment 1

Assignment 1: Environment Analysis Introduction Domino’s pizza is considered as one of the most prominent organizations around the world. Domino’s pizza offers both types of services i.e. dine-in as well as door-to-door delivery service of fresh Pizza from their eatery. At present, Domino’s Pizza have more than 10,000 franchises spread over more than 70 countries and can also be found at almost every major urban locations of U.S. Domino’s Pizza aims to satisfy food cravings of their customers with ultimate Italian - American sustenance. Its goal is to always maintain the aptitude of using ...

Write a description of the health history you would need to collect from the patient in the case study to which you were assigned. The assessment of a patient with any suspected neurological disorders should be widened as much as possible to cover the overall degree of possibilities and thus offer the medical team a consistent set of information and data that can be linked to the clinical tests without any inconsistencies (Jarvis, 2015). The patient’s health history forms a significant background on which this can be achieved. For this 33 year old patient, the care team has ...

Ms. Smith is a 34-year-old Caucasian female who presented at the office for her first prenatal appointment. Ms. Smith lives in Palm Beach County and maintains a full-time accounting position. She complains of nausea that occurs particularly in the morning and subsides by 10 am for the past two (2) weeks. However, this nausea has not subsided for three (3) days. Ms. Smith is usually active but has noticed experiencing greater fatigue at the end of the day. She has reported no vaginal bleeding or fetal movement. Her last menstruation was on October 25, 2015. The patient believes she ...

Definition and description of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a complex chronic disease, characterized by the reduction of bone mass, increasing the likelihood of bone fractures. There are two types of osteoporosis. The first type is common among the women who have the lack of estrogen during postmenopausal period. The deficit of estrogen leads to the increasing rate of bone loss. Osteoporosis type 2 is common among the male and female who are older than 70 years (Peña & Perez, 2012, p. 37). As Unnanuntana and Kleimeyer indicate, scientists predict that the incidence of hip fractures increased from 1.26 million in 1990 to 4, 5-million by ...

Clark

Clark, a junior in high school wants to gain some muscle mass before his last football season next year. He is not very knowledgeable about nutrition and mainly consumes processed foods. His diet consists of two to three meals a day and his training regimen is sporadic and inconsistent. He has three months to obtain the results that he wants. Clark’s basal metabolic rate (BMR) is 1874.1. Clark’s daily calorie requirement (DCR) is 3,538.5. Clarks target heart rate is 166. There are several things to keep in mind while working with Clark. First, Clark is not ...

Zooxanthellae are single-celled dinoflagellates that live in the tissues of coral. The zooxanthellae and the coral exist in a mutually symbiotic relationship where the zooxanthallae supply the coral with nutrients (which it has obtained through photosynthesis) necessary for growth and calcium carbonate. The zooxanthallae also produces oxygen and assists the coral to remove wastes. In return the coral provides protection to the zooxanthellae from marine grazers and the zooxanthellae has access to nutrients that the coral excretes. Because the algae need light for their own photosysthesis, zooxanthellae limits the range in which corals can grow, i.e. unclouded water within ...

Importance of Nitrogen and phosphorus to plants

Phosphorus and nitrogen is considered the essential nutrients required by the plants. They are required in larger quantities and thus known as the macronutrients. Each of the nutrients has its specific roles in plant development. Nitrogen mineral is the major component of most of the organs in plants. It constitutes approximately 40% to 50% of the dry matter of protoplasm, composes amino acids. It is also considered the major constituent of the building blocks of proteins. The nitrogen deficiencies result in slower or stunted growth and visible effects chlorosis (Nurzyńska-Wierdak et al., 2012). The plants that have been ...

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Abstract

This paper reviews the effects of effects of breast cancer at a later stage among women living in the United States of America and its relation to factors such as ethnicity, race, geographic location, and availability of insurance, access to medical test facilities, and course of treatments, lifestyle and socio-economic factors and so on. A special focus has been laid on the racial and ethnic discrimination among women affected with breast cancer in regards to the surgical treatments being offered in health facilities in the United States of America. Many authors ...

Introduction

The Coca Cola Company’s flagship brand is valued highly in the international markets and well recognized too. In 2013, the multinational company commanded a 42.2% market share in the international non-alcoholic beverages industry (The Coca-Cola Company 2016). It has however been experiencing strong headwinds in the past ten or so years resulting from falling sales revenues and figures as more of the world’s populace sought to indulge in healthier lifestyles. Such dynamics in the international market compelled the Coca Cola Company to formulate novel long term objectives. Some of the objectives set forth included doubling revenues by ...

The Importance of Microbes to Animals from Eating to Evolution

Microbes are any living organism that throughout its lifespan is too small to be seen with our naked eye. Most microbes are single-cell organisms. Microbes are the oldest form of life on earth – dating back over 3.5 million years ago when the Earth was still covered with boiling oceans. While microbes are typically thought of as bacteria, microbes can include protists, fungi and microscopic animals. Without microbes, animals could not eat, breathe, or possibly even have evolved at all. Without animals, well, they would probably be just fine. Microbes are important to animals in numerous ways, from eating to ...

Nutritional Need of Pregnant Women

Nutritional needs during pregnancy are different since some of the nutrients are passed on to the fetus. In order to stay healthy during pregnancy and to reduce the risk of complications, proper nutritional care should be provided to the women. During pregnancy, women require more of micro and macronutrients that includes proteins, fluids, calcium, iron, and folate. Compared to normal days, women would require an additional of 300 calories. It is recommended that wmen consume foods from all groups in order to receive most of the nutrients. Some examples include cereals and grains that form as a source of ...

Upwelling is an oceanic process whereby cold, nutrient rich deep water is brought to the surface by various oceanographic or geographic mechanisms, over a period of time. One driver of upwelling are the winds blowing across the ocean’s surface, parallel to the coast and displace the warmer, nutrient poor surface waters, allowing the colder, deeper water to rise to the surface, carrying nutrients with it. The deeper ocean water is nutrient rich due to the decomposition of marine animals which have sunk to the deeper ocean waters. Upwelling is an extremely dynamic process ,influenced by factors such as ...

General features of melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone, which is thought to play an important role in daily processes of humans’ lives, being secreted by the pineal gland, which is an endocrine gland, located in the middle of the brain. After its discovery the first function (which later gave the name to this hormone) was the ability of this hormone to lighten one’s skin color. This experiment was conducted on frogs, however even nowadays everybody knows that our sunbathing results in suntan due to activity of melatonin. This is a so-called skin-darkening effect of melatonin. First discoveries of this hormone were done ...

Choose My Plate Project

I learned a great deal about excesses and deficiencies in my diet by tracking my nutritional intake for three days. Eating a healthy, balanced diet is challenging while meeting school and other life demands, but I was surprised to see the results of my nutritional analysis. I routinely consumed fewer than the recommended 2,000 of calories daily recommended by My Pyramid, averaging 1,540 calories per day. I was just barely under the recommended percentage of calories from carbohydrates, with 44% of my calories from carbohydrates rather than the recommended 45-65%. My diet was also very low in ...

Introduction

Industrial agriculture is a modern form of farming that incorporates industrialized production of crops, livestock, fish and poultry. Western countries have been on the fore front of practicing industrialized agriculture to feed its population. The methods of industrial agriculture are political, techno scientific and economic. The practices include innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, the creation of new markets for consumption, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the application for patent protection to genetic information, and lastly the global trade. Industrial agriculture is practiced by more developed nation because of their vast knowledge of technological know-how. ...

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to review the effectiveness of lifestyle on the development of dementia and Alzheimer's disease for at risk populations. The study considers quantitative study which involve the use of control and experimental groups in which the control group is motivated on the effects of lifestyle particularly lack of inactivity (exercise) and healthy eating in groups of individuals who are at a greater risk of developing Alzheimer's. An observation of the pretest and post test of the control and experimental group will clearly indicate the contribution and its magnitude of exercise and healthy eating in ...

Abstract

The central dogma of biology is performed within this study. A vector of T7 RNA Polymerase gene was inserted into E.Coli where it could be transcribed into RNA and subsequently translated into protein. The protein was extracted and purified. A successful clone was produced by inserting the vector into the expressing cell line and it was observed after achieved an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.84. A collected 20.87 ug of double stranded RNA was found. Additionally, a linear DNA template OD260: 0.04 µg/ml was transcribed. After expressing it was found that a total protein concentration of ...

Nursing

Nutrition Portfolio and Analysis Overview Given a $35 budget for groceries intended to last two days, the menu I was required to craft needed to include breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks. While accomplishing such a goal may be feasible in terms of providing meals and meeting the necessary levels of calories consumed, it is also important to consider the nutrients consumed resulting from such a budget. I believe that poverty and health concerns are linked, and that this was an important exercise in understanding the link between money, nutrition and health. In order to consider the nutrition levels of ...

Enjoying food is an important constituent of the good life. The possibility to enjoy various dishes makes people feel satisfied. However, sometimes, people are deprived of pleasure from food because of allergies. Usually, immune system is a functioning in a befitting way, complicated mechanism. This amazing nature miracle is able to protect the body from numerous invaders. Immune system identifies infected cells as well as cells, which is going to be tumors. However, it is not works that good. Allergies are the effects of immune system’s mistaken functioning. Food allergy - a state of organism, characterized by hypersensitivity ...

If you have lived in China or interacted with the Chinese people, it is easy to note their habit of drinking hot water or tea with meals. Drinking of tea has been in the Chinese culture for so long as history suggests. However, questions have been raised about the hot water drinking habit during meals. This is yet to be answered, but a number of suggestions have been raised to answer the question about the Chinese culture of drinking hot water. Some argue that it is a practice that their parents taught them, that cold drinks and hot are ...

Food is a necessity of a man. Currently exists the understanding that the food provides a considerable influence on a person. It gives energy, strengths development, and health. You can be sure that human health is 70% dependent on the food. Food is the main source of most diseases, however, with its help it is possible to get rid of long-term illnesses. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol, obesity, tooth decay, diabetes, impaired fat metabolism, hypertension, constipation, increased uric acid in the blood or gout - this is an incomplete list of so-called "diseases of civilization" that were caused by ...

This is a network of a large number of neurons that is designed modulate, generate, and transmit information with the different parts of the body thus facilitating important body functions. It is basically the electrical wiring of the body. Structurally the nervous system is divided into central nervous system (the brain, spinal cord and nerves) and peripheral nervous system made up of sensory neurons, ganglia and nerves. Functionally the nervous system is divided into somatic and autonomic component. The CNS integrates all the sensory and motor information of the body. The nervous system has two components the gray and white matter. ...

Introduction 

The client is a football player named Ola. He is 21 years old. He plays in a forward position at Tilbury football club. With a height of 5‘8“, he weighs 73 kg. He prefers to use his left foot while playing. His nationality is Angolan. An average footballer leads an active lifestyle, attending regular sessions of practice combined with 3 to 4 football matches per week. This high-intensity physical activity takes a toll on the muscles and therefore, as a footballer, Ola should follow a balanced diet consisting of high amounts of protein and carbohydrates followed by plenty of fluids and other nutrients ...

Cell Description and Shape Attributes

 Essential life molecules, which make up all living organisms, are bound together by a membrane to form a cell’s structural unit (Hand, 2018). The diverse cell shapes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes reveal each cell’s function. Each cell develops a form related to its function. For example, neurons contain extensions (axons and dendrites) that pass quick messages to the entire body (Alberts et al., 2015). Erythrocytes have a flexible shape to facilitate easy movement across capillaries. Pollen grains contain spikes for easy attachment to pollinating agents.

Passive Mechanism of Movement

Molecules move into and out of cells, and where energy is absent, the movement is ...

This article is about the big change in eating patterns among people in the UK today. According to The British Library Board, eating habits of today are completely different from those that were practised in the 1950’s. It goes further to explain the reason behind the great disparity between our eating methods today and back in the 50’s. Among the experiences of today’s food is boredom as a result of repetitive flavours. The author has further stated that the British people are especially known for their conservative recipes. The habit of snacking has also kicked ...

Impacts of Petroleum Exploration, Extraction and Transport

Oil shale may be defined as those rocks that usually contain a high proportion and percentage of organic matter such as kerogen. Oil shale is mainly characterized by the low calorific value as well high ash and even mineral content. Oil usually produces energy, which serves a very crucial purpose to our planet. Energy is regarded as the lifeblood of the planet earth and its occupants, thereby, being categorized as among the essential commodities that normally powers the intentions to expand the global economy (Burnham, Stubblefield, & Campbell, 1980). In the 1950s, natural gas and oil became the primary sources of liveliness ...

Questions

Q1. The quick growth in the soft drink industry such as the Pepsi and Coca Cola involve the high profit limits and the pricing of its premiums as distinguished to other beverage drinks; hence, making this a strategic element of the globe and the U.S. market for beverages. Different categories require different types of beverages; hence, dividing the global market into various categories of products like the sports drinks, energy drink, and the relaxation drinks. The United States took a drinking data, and found that sports drinks were the most consumed beverage, followed by drinks that were in vitamins.

It ...

Background

Azithromycin has two names by which it is prescribed: Zmax and Zithromax. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of this medication to treat acute bacterial infections of the respiratory system, acute bacterial sinus infections, bacterial pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin structure infections, urethritis, cervicitis, and genital ulcer disease. The risks of using this medication include fatal heart rhythms when patients already suffer from cardiovascular conditions. The FDA also notes that this drug should not be used for long-term use1.

Azithromycin for Acute Bronchitis

Ten million adults visit their doctors every year to receive the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. In this pill-popping, ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Part A: Your Marketing Plan

Executive summary Business operations are dependent on effective planning. Admittedly, the most fundamental facet is marketing plan. As such, a marketing plan generates an overview of the approach that an organization will inculcate in ensuring brand growth, awareness and sales within the market of operation. Marketing plan necessitates an effective blue print that an organization incorporates towards sustaining profitability, shareholder returns and necessitating returns on the investments made. Accordingly, from the evaluation of AHA beverage company, a marketing plan forms a plausible tool towards the launching its AHA vitamin water. Thus, through the inculcation of the marketing plan, the organization will ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

The history of pathology testing is dated back to the 3rd century BC, when Greek scholars such as Herophilos and Eriasistratus began systematically examining dead bodies. At the beginning of the first century AD, several Greek, Roman and Arabian physicists made significant developments in the understanding of the pathology of tumors. In the 18th century, Giovanni Morgangi correlated the symptoms of his patients with the pathological evaluations o the autopsies. The discovery of the circulation of blood by William Harvey and the emergence of microsby is regarded as the foundation of modern pathology. The 19th and 20th centuries experienced ...

Business

Executive summary Marketing is a fundamental process within the operational mandate of any organization. Accordingly, through marketing, businesses manage to generate product awareness through extensive approaches construed towards both product development and reach to target customers. Encompassing four facets of product, place, price and promotion, marketing is a holistic tool towards sustaining sales and market growth of an organization. Hence, through the inculcation of the diverse principles within the marketing facet, organizations reap successful outcomes. Most specifically, a marketing plan is directed towards developing an effective product policy statement in regards to vision, mission, goals and various approaches towards product launch ...

The debate about whether organic food is better than conventionally grown foods has been a questions asked by many people. Organic foods are known to be a healthy option and it is recommended by doctors, dietary and fitness experts. Organic foods do not have any special nutrients in them that conventionally grown foods do not have, rather organic foods are seen to be better because of the farming practices and the way that the foods are grown. Farmers of who grow organic products use different farming practices which that allows their foods to grow at their natural rate and time without ...

Inadequate insulin secretion leads to a rise in blood glucose levels, which is the main characteristics of diabetes. By the time a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is made, 70 to 80% of beta cell mass loss is already done. Loss of beta cells of pancreas occurs gradually, beginning much before the diagnosis of diabetes is made and continuing even after that. For this reason, the damage becomes irreversible (Cnop, 2005).

Skeletal benefits of vitamin D are well known and described widely in the literature, but in recent years, research has shown that Vitamin D seems to aid in ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs vary according to the stages of life. From infantry to adultery nutrition is a vitally important aspect of such characteristics as mental development, growth, sexual development and resistance to illnesses. That is why maintaining a well-organized healthy diet is crucial for providing the population with appropriate development and omitting health problems.

Infants

At the infantry stage the differences in nutrition for boys and girls are generally not observed. Infants are first of all fed through breast milk, which is preferable in all cases, and infant formula, if breast feeding is not available. Infants receive most calories from fats, namely omega-3 ...

The In-situ mid-IR spectroscopy can be considered as one of the ideal methods of monitoring bioreactors. This is as the nutrients consumption for the amino acids is monitored together with the waste products evolution for the lactates. The application of fiber-optic probes is part of the appropriate ways of turning the methods into real-time tools for monitoring (Vogel & Todaro, 2006). On the other hand, it is difficult to fully engage monitoring methods among the reactors which require sterilization while the insertion of the non-sterile probes and other monitoring devices become rather impossible (Roy, 2011). The interchangeable detachable and Remspec ...

Within the era of globalization the today’s world is full of different cultures, subcultures, special social groups that support plenty of ideas and movements. More and more popular becomes ‘vegetarianism’ as a unique flow not only in European countries but also throughout the world. The reasons are various. The main role in choosing vegetarian way of life is caused by religious beliefs. For example, many Eastern religions such as Buddhism, Jainism, Hinduism dictate the philosophical view that the murder and infliction of pain must not be committed by human nature. Secondly, it can be ethical reasons, because lots of ...

Micronutrient and fast food

Meals that are commonly consumed at fast food restaurants are highly processed and high in fat content and calories. One such example of a fast food item is the Big Mac at the McDonald’s restaurant. It provides 540 calories and contains 32 gm of fat. However, this does not include the often included fries/chips and drink that are eaten as well with the meal. It is often times seen that the one such meal can actually provide calories and other macronutrients sufficient for the entire day.

Micronutrients are nutrients that are required for proper physiological function in human ...

Prenatal health care is also commonly called antenatal care and entails frequent nursing and medical care for pregnant or expectant women. This aims at preventing or treating health problems during the entire pregnancy period. The expectant women are informed on prenatal nutrition, physiological maternal changes, and even biological changes. This health care has been paramount in effectively reducing miscarriages, birth defects and also maternal deaths (Pillitteri, 2010, p.4).

Anemia caused by iron deficiencies augments the danger for preterm birth and very low neonatal weight on birth (Fowles, 2004, p.6). Maternal iron paucity anemia lessens fetal and neonatal stores ...

This is a handout that highlights the effects of Polypharmacy in the elderly and how to reduce the related financial issues that might be associated. Polypharmacy is an administration of multiple medications at the same to treat different conditions. In most situations, those multiple descriptions are done inappropriately. That problem that usually results from Polypharmacy is that of adverse drug reactions or adverse drug interaction. Financial problems can also result from too much drug use.

Important keys to handling Polypharmacy risks are information, instruction and organization.

Information (In such situations, patients needs to) - Keep accurate list of all medicationsthis must be in terms of dosage, generic and brand names, ...

Tuberculosis or TB is one of the leading causes of death that is due to an infectious disease called Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and only second to HIV/AIDS. When a person is infected with TB, the bacteria in the lungs multiply causing pneumonia; the patient experiences chest pain and has a persistent cough that often brings up blood. In addition, lymph nodes near the heart and lungs are enlarged. As the bacteria tries to spread to the other parts of the body they are interrupted by the body's immune system. The immune system forms scar tissue around the bacterium that helps fight the ...