Essays on Liver

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States. Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, n.d.). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, the elderly account for 56% and 70% of all new cancer diagnoses and mortalities in the country (Browner, n.d.). The cancer burden in ...

Hepatitis B virus do not need presentation - its statistics tell about it more as there are more than two hundred million infected people in the world (Sundaram and Kowdley, 2015). In many patients hepatitis B infection leads to the development of the liver cirrhosis and other complications, can cause decompensation of the liver function and lead to death. Prevalence and malignant course of this infection make it a major challenge for modern medicine. Reviewed article lists and shows clinically proved and effective methods of the hepatitis B management. The discovery of a vaccine became the turning point in ...

Mesalazine and Cyclosporine

Mesalazine Mesalazine is also called as Mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and its systematic name is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Formulation. Usually, mesalazine is administered in the form of modified release (MR) tablet. Different formulations of mesalazine in UK are Asacol, Ipocol, Mezavant, Octasa, Pentasa, and Salofalk. The above mentioned formulations may vary from each other in their indications, dose frequency, tablet strengths, interactions, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological properties. Most of these formations are available as MR preparations. Commonly used mechanism for modified release tablets is their enteric coating. In order to prepare different formulations, Eudragit L and S polymers are commonly used ...

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis is an infection which damages the liver organ known to be responsible for processing of different nutrients, filtering of the blood, and fighting of infections. Hepatitis B is a continuous type of hepatitis infection caused by a double-stranded DNA virus known as Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (Trépo, 2014). Hepatitis B infection can either be acute or chronic. Acute Hepatitis B occurs during the first 6 months of infection while Chronic Hepatitis B is the term used to describe the instance where the virus stays in the body and the person develops a lifelong disease (Centers for Disease ...

Vitamins and Minerals

(Author, Department, University,

Abstract Vitamins and minerals are among the most essential nutrients as they help in performing many important functions of the body. They are of different kinds as, for example, vitamins are either water-soluble, which cannot be stored in the body, or fat-soluble, which can be stored in the body. Similarly, minerals can include those, which are required in sufficiently larger amount such as calcium and iron, and those, which are required in tiny amounts such as trace minerals including copper and selenium. These essential nutrients are present in sufficient quantities in our foods including vegetables and ...

The first and most important step, from which any research begins, is the choice of the research subject. It is important to choose it very attentively. In this case, it is necessary to take into consideration the time that the student can devote to this research, its length, the audience on which it will be focused and the amount of resources needed in order to provide an appropriate research (Chambliss & Eglitis, 2016). The subject is the most important part of the whole research. Further development and success of the final research largely depend on the correct choice of the ...

Introduction

The plasmodium parasite develops in the female anopheles mosquitoes and humans. Infection in humans is associated with the presence of multiple (thousands) of antigens against the parasite in the human body. Throughout the life stages, the parasite is known to change which leads to the production of different antigens. Lately, the parasite had developed different strategies to confuse the human immune system. The life cycle of the malaria parasite takes place in two main stages (hosts): The female Anopheles mosquitoes and humans. In humans it strives in the liver and spreads infection in the red blood cells. The ...

Abstract

This lab report discusses the Cellular Location of Metabolic Enzymes. Regarding methodology, the experiment was conducted in three sessions during the first session liver homogenate and cell functions were prepared. The first session was carried out by homogenizing the liver in an isotonic media. The Maltase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined in the second session, and protein concentrations were estimated in the third session. The Maltase dehydrogenase (MDH) and Lactase dehydrogenase (LDH) were used to catalyze the reactions in session two. The biuret reaction was used to estimate the protein in the last session. The relationship between absorbance at ...

HL has a multiplicity of complications all which are attributed to his lifestyle. HL has a history of drug abuse and his list of medication all but indicates that his drug abuse lifestyle has had a significant impact on his general health, his body systems and his body organs. HL could probably be having Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension (Cárdenas, 2014). The Cirrhosis could be as a result of alcohol consumption which has then the damage of his liver and probably gastric varices which is a precedent of Hepatitis C condition he already harbors. The gastric varices has led ...

Chronic liver is among the leading causes of death among the Alaska Natives and American Indian population. The Alaska natives and the American Indians make about 1.5 percent of America’s population. They are a group of Americans living in poverty and affected by various health conditions including chronic liver disease. The chronic liver disease accounts for about 4.8 percent of deaths in Aboriginal Northern American population. The chronic liver is a condition that damages the liver, which is an essential organ used in the digestion of food and getting rid of the toxic substances in the body. Chronic ...

General features of melatonin

Melatonin is a hormone, which is thought to play an important role in daily processes of humans’ lives, being secreted by the pineal gland, which is an endocrine gland, located in the middle of the brain. After its discovery the first function (which later gave the name to this hormone) was the ability of this hormone to lighten one’s skin color. This experiment was conducted on frogs, however even nowadays everybody knows that our sunbathing results in suntan due to activity of melatonin. This is a so-called skin-darkening effect of melatonin. First discoveries of this hormone were done ...

Food is a necessity of a man. Currently exists the understanding that the food provides a considerable influence on a person. It gives energy, strengths development, and health. You can be sure that human health is 70% dependent on the food. Food is the main source of most diseases, however, with its help it is possible to get rid of long-term illnesses. Elevated levels of blood cholesterol, obesity, tooth decay, diabetes, impaired fat metabolism, hypertension, constipation, increased uric acid in the blood or gout - this is an incomplete list of so-called "diseases of civilization" that were caused by ...

- List some adverse effects of alcohol consumption.”

Too much drinking on a single occasion or a lot of alcohol for a long time can take a serious toll on one’s health. The adverse effects of alcohol on the body can be discussed under various body parts including the brain, liver, heart, pancreas among others.

- Brain

Alcohol causes interference with the communication pathways of the brain and disfigures the structure of the brain- hindering performance of brain functions. The adverse effects of these disruptions include change in behavior or mood, difficulties in thinking and unstable movements because of ...

Question 1

Currently, alcoholism represents one of the widespread addictions. The long-term physiological effects of addiction to alcohol are characterized by the phenomena of tolerance and dependence. Tolerance occurs when a set of liver enzymes is produced after a prolonged drinking, which assist in metabolizing alcohol. As a result, alcohol is broken down faster and the person has to increase alcohol amounts in order to attain the same amount of intoxication. Tolerance is the most critical long-term physiological effects of addiction to alcohol. This is so because it produces a false sense of security in the people addicted to alcohol. This can lead to ...

Introduction

Cancer affects the body’s most basic unit, the cell. Normally, cells grow and divide to form new cells. When cells grow old, they die to make room for new ones and new cells grow only when the body needs them. However sometimes the old cells do not die or new cells are produced when not needed by the body they form tumors. Tumors can be either benign or malignant (National Cancer Institute, 2011). and organs.

Slide 2

Benign tumors are non-cancerous and when removed they do not grow back. Malignant tumors are cancerous and most instances life threatening. When malignant ...

Source One:

http://uofmhealthblogs.org/womens/pregnancy-childbirth/oh-body-will-change-pregnancy/8463/

Posted by Helen Kang Morgan, MD on September 24, 2013 In addition to the obvious physical changes as your belly grows during pregnancy, what other surprises may your body have in store for you? Pregnancy is an exciting time, but often one filled with many questions — is my baby healthy, can I do this/eat that, and what the heck is happening to my body?

During your first trimester, you’ll probably feel tired, perhaps more tired than you’ve ever felt before. Get as much rest as you can. About 70 percent of women will also ...

I liked one topic sentence towards the end of the essay, where you aptly set the focus of the paragraph. Consider this: “Another health risk of eating pork meat is due to its association with many epidemic diseases.” Here, you clearly tell the readers what you would discuss in the paragraph, that is, diseases caused due to eating pork. This supports your view/position against eating pork.

Now, let us consider the last sentence of the introduction as the thesis: “To determine that pork is healthy to eat one must examine the different between pork meat and other ...

DHEA:

Dehydroepiandrosterone, or DHEA, is a hormone the human body produces via the adrenal glands, which are above the kidneys. The exact effect of DHEA is not yet fully identified; however, it is believed to be a precursor of the female and male sex hormones, namely estrogen and testosterone, among others. Precursors are substances that the body converts into hormones.

The production of DHEA usually reaches its peak around the mid-20s and declines ever after. The same applies to estrogen and testosterone, whose production also declines with age. For that reason, if an individual wants to increase their hormone levels, it ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

When the word “death” is uttered, what comes to our mind? Most of the time, we think about loss, grief, sorrow, and emotional pain. Death is something that some of us wouldn’t want to think about. However, death is inevitable. Although some dies earlier than others, no one can escape it. Every people would eventually have to leave this world. As much as I am aware of this fact, I used to just ignore the idea that someone I love would eventually face death, especially the woman that I love the most – my mother. She ...

Question1

An animal is a multi-cellular organism with cells that are not enclosed in a rigid cell wall. Animals differ from other organisms in two major aspects: 1) through the structure of their cell wall and (2) through their feeding habits. For example, unlike other organisms, such as plants, animals do not have a rigid cell wall. Plants on the other hand have a rigid cell wall. In terms of nutrition, animals are heterotrophs because of the way they synthesize organic compounds. Plants, on the other hand, are autotrophs. Plants are classified as autotrophs because they synthesize organic molecules directly using energy from ...

In the very first chapter of the book, Nuland shares the story of an infant who has a mysterious lump in his belly, which is medically referred to as bezoar (Nuland 2000). It is important to understand that based on what most physicians see, the lump would have fallen into the category of an “undiagnosed mass that could be a congenital, neoplastic, traumatic, or inflammatory” in origin (p.31). However, despite the various possibilities that most doctors may have seen, the origin of the mass could not be understood until a combination of information was gathered. To “see” what was really going on, ...

An ethical dilemma is any circumstance in which direct moral values are put in conflict in deciding which path of action is correct or incorrect (Pozgar, 2011). Ethical decision-making procedures, however, provide a useful framework in which to understand the conflicts, evaluate the alternatives and decide on the best course of action to take in the specific situation confronting the decision maker. Indeed, while employing a method of ethical decision-making to an ethical dilemma may not provide all the answers but it should help clarify the issues enough so that a means of resolution will be obvious or easier to see.

Gather the facts needed to identify the problem

The ...

Definition and Causes

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common cause of chronic liver disease. It arises due to the deposition of fats in the main cells of the liver. The disease ranges from the fatty changes and inflammation in the liver to cirrhosis and fibrosis. Studies suggest that the simple fatty liver is not harmful but the disease can progress and lead to a chronic condition of the liver. The discovery of the existence of the disease is not easy but it may happen through raised liver enzymes. The disease is associated with obesity. Nonalcoholic liver disease is similar to liver disease but ...

This is a handout that highlights the effects of Polypharmacy in the elderly and how to reduce the related financial issues that might be associated. Polypharmacy is an administration of multiple medications at the same to treat different conditions. In most situations, those multiple descriptions are done inappropriately. That problem that usually results from Polypharmacy is that of adverse drug reactions or adverse drug interaction. Financial problems can also result from too much drug use.

Important keys to handling Polypharmacy risks are information, instruction and organization.

Information (In such situations, patients needs to) - Keep accurate list of all medicationsthis must be in terms of dosage, generic and brand names, ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Chronic alcoholism may be linked to certain types of cancers

Simply drink with moderation and care.

Alcoholism is very common for adults who consumer more than the intended amount of alcohol. Alcoholism may be acute or chronic. Acute alcoholism occurs when there is a sudden consumption of bolus amounts of alcohol in the system. In contrast, chronic alcoholism occurs when repeated abuse of alcohol is introduced in the body. Alcoholism is not limited to adults. Teenagers (mostly high school students) consume alcohol at about the same amount as with the adults. Most Americans and other Caucasians believe that ...

The Major Anatomical regions, landmarks, directions and cavities of the liver

The liver is considered as the heart of the digestive system. In humans, the liver is present in the upper right quadrant pf the abdominal cavity. The liver lies below the diaphragm. The gallbladder is covered by the liver to some extent. It is a vital organ that plays an important role in the production of chemicals for digestion in humans. The liver is divided in to two lobes, the left and the right lobe respectively. The two lobes are separated by the imaginary plan called the Cantlie's line. The liver is connected by two large blood vessels, the portal ...

The debate to legally sell weed has been going on for decades. Many see it as only a bad drug that causes harm and ruin lives. They think weed will lead people to trying other worse drugs. Some also think weed will lead to more crime or that weed will become addictive. But others know it can be used for medicine. It can treat anything from anxiety to chronic pain. Weed is also proven to be a less harmful drug than legal substances like alcohol. Those who want to sell weed legally also know it will be good for the country ...

- Explain how enzymes are involved in processes such as the breakdown of fructose Enzymes are organic catalysts. In this context, organic denotes the matter in question is generated or is obtained from a living life form. The word Catalyst indicates a matter that has the aptitude to boost a chemical reaction’s rate, and is neither transformed nor damaged by the reaction that it speeds up.

Many chemical reactions occur but a slow rate that their progress would seem to be imperceptible at normally encountered environmental temperature. However, the enzymes are specific to certain functions. Generally, they may speed up a reaction, ...

Hepatitis is one of the most serious causes of liver disorder and dysfunction, which is responsible for one to two million deaths a year. Hepatitis can occur as infectious or non-infectious. Although major causes of hepatitis include viruses, the other common causes are autoimmune liver disease, obesity, alcohol, tobacco consumption and certain other medications and herbs. Viral hepatitis is a viral-induced necroinflammatory disease of the liver caused by one of the hepatitis viruses, namely, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, Hepatitis E and Hepatitis G . Hepatitis and A and E are enterically transmissible viruses, while Hepatitis B, C and ...

Question one:

The King’s theory of Goal Attainment analyzes the output of nurses in achieving health goals and promoting patient outcome. In the given case, the Goal Attainment theory would play a big role in planning, implementing and evaluating the care of the patient. The goal attainment theory claims that an effective communication between nurses and patients helps in attaining health care goals (Basavanthappa, 2007, p. 165).

Planning:

The theory promotes good nurse-patient interpersonal relationship, which will be used in planning visits to monitor blood sugar levels, diet advises, exercise courses and mode of medication. The theory ensures timely consultation between the ...

Lipids insolubility in water is general. Lipids structure has great number of variety. There are two types of fatty acids naturally, may be saturated or unsaturated. Unsaturated acids have lesser melting point than saturated ones. There are two polyunsaturated fatty acids, linolenic and linoleic, their absence in the human diet has been associated with health problems so they designated essential. Their absence can cause scaly skin, increased dehydration and stunted growth.

Lipids and oxidation of carbohydrates provide all needed energy to the human body. Lipids are primarily energy reserves and carbohydrates are readily available source of energy. Lipids have ...

- Describe two features that make all enzymes catalysts.

Enzymes are catalysts that increase the rate of reaction between substances and remain unchanged in the reaction. Enzymes are vital to several bodily functions and make possible such processes like metabolism and catabolism. Two features that make enzymes catalysts is their ability to lower the activation energy and their inherent tendency to combine with coenzymes and cofactors. Activation energy is the minimum energy required to activate the molecules of reactants in order to initiate a chemical reaction. Some substrates have high activation energies that would need very high temperatures to activate ...

- It would be hard for Mr. Wilko to stop drinking given the kind of stress he has. His self-assessment that he can stop at any time is highly unlikely, unless he runs out of money to buy drinks.

- As his stress increases, Mr. Wilko will have no other option than increase his alcohol intake. This was one way he could mitigate his worries. He found the effects of alcohol to be a sophomore, and by consuming it, he was lost in the world of intoxication.

- If Mr. Wilko continues to drink large amounts of alcohol, the liver ...

Question 1

Are there possible criminal aspects of HIV/AIDS? Consider the case law presented in your textbook and elsewhere, and explain. Please provide specific examples.

The intentional spread of HIV is considered a criminal act. Pozgar (2012, p. 362) describes the case of an inmate who knew that he was infected with both HIV and the hepatitis virus. He was also informed of the ways that he can transmit the infection to others. He bit two correctional officers knowing that he can possibly infect them in this way. He was consequently charged with assault and battery. In State of Louisiana v. Schmidt, ...

This paper reviews an article titled ‘States –level Estimates of the Economic Costs of Alcohol and Drug Abuse’ authored by Thomas Wickizer. The study was published in the thirty ninth volume of the Journal of Health Science 2013. It contains the findings of an investigation done to estimate the cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington State in the year 2005. The study employed the Cost of Illness (COI) to estimate the economic cost of alcohol and drug abuse in Washington. Both the direct costs associated with payment made for medication and indirect costs which include ...

- The role of the stomach is to act as the storage for food and allow its slow release into the small intestine at intervals. Also, it allows food churning which helps break the food into smaller particles for easier for digestion. It is also a site of absorption of some foods. The liver serves to regulate the amount of blood components that circulate in peripheral blood. This includes the regulation of blood concentration of glucose and lipids after digestion. It also secretes bile which is important in the digestion of fats in diet. Salivary glands produce saliva which helps ...

Chapter 4: Prokaryotic Cells and microorganisms

This chapter looks at the morphology, and pathogenic mechanisms of prokaryotic cells and microorganisms respectively. It discusses in detail the structural components, functions of the different organelles of prokaryotic cells as well as feeding and survival mechanisms of prokaryotic microorganisms.

Prokaryotic cells have a specialized cellular structure. Prokaryotes are unicellular and their cells have no cellular organelles, that is, a membrane does not surround their nucleus. These cells contain intricate phospholipids, sterols, and sphingolipids. They are typically 1-5µm in diameter .

Their outer surface is covered by glycocalyx, which is a gel like cellular envelope that provides prokaryotic cells with protection against ...

Introduction

Hospitals are homes to different patients who require different attention. This means that there must be people who are qualified for different roles in the medical field. In this connection, hospitals are not required as a block where all patients are handled in the same room. Instead, departments should be formed where each of them operates in support of the other to ensure patients are handled and treated accordingly. This has resulted to existence of various experts for specific duties in the hospital. Among the most common departments in hospitals are Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ...

Introduction

Enzyme refers to a molecule that is protein in nature and functions as a catalyst to speed up the rate of a given reaction. The understanding of the basic theory of enzyme kinetic is an essential in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the activity of an enzyme, as well as in selecting the best method of analyzing the enzyme. There are several factors that have an effect on the rate of an enzymatic reaction. These factors include temperature, pH, enzyme concentration, as well as the concentration of the substrate (Worthington Biochemical Corporation, 2013).

The increase or decrease of the level ...

After ordering a blood test for cholesterol, a physician prescribes the patient expensive cholesterol medications known as statins to prevent diseases of the cardiovascular system. Statins, however, like all medications, have side effects. Statins are chemicals that reduce the production of enzymes, which are necessary for the synthesis of cholesterol. Usually the instructions that accompany these cholesterol-reducing drugs state 1. Statins lower cholesterol concentration in the plasma due to “inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase” and “reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver” (Pichandi et al., 2011, p.51). 2. They reduce the concentration of cholesterol in patients with homozygous “familial hypercholesterolemia” (Pichandi et ...

A 28 year old female, 5 feet 4 inches tall, 155 pounds, physically active 30 minutes a day should consume 2000 calorie food a day. 2000 calorie diet for a person with the above description is enough to facilitate gradual weight loss. This is because the above recommended calorie is 200 calorie lower than the recommended daily allowances (RDA). To achieve the 2000 calorie diet plan, an individual must consume 7 ounces of grains, 3 cups of vegetables, 2 cups of fruits, 3 cups of dairy products and 6 ounces of protein foods. Half of the grains should be whole grains and ...

Energy Storage inform of Lipids

Lipids are a class of natural compounds that are hydrophobic in nature and consist of ketoacyl and isoprene groups. They include sterols, waxes, fats, glycerides, phospholids and fat soluble vitamins such as vitamins A, E and K. Lipids are structural compounds being components of the cell wall but also serve in energy storage and signaling. The signaling function of lipids results from their use in nerve cell axons and as bases for hormones. After digestion and absorption lipids are carried as lipoproteins by blood to the liver which regulates lipid levels in blood. Excess lipids are converted to adipose tissue ...

Living organisms depend on biochemistry to power various chemical reaction cycles which are important for the overall biological functioning of an organism. Chemical reactions occur at a specific rate in certain conditions and require input energy (activation energy) to be supplied before a reaction can begin. Since a reaction cycle consist of many consecutive step, slowing one step slows down the whole cycle. Enzymes are proteins which act as catalysts in biochemical reactions and speeds up reactions to rates that are high enough for biological functioning. Enzymes manage this by providing an alternative reaction route with lower activation energy.

The breakdown of ...

I will first explain to them the basics of nutrition including the definition of the term, the classes of nutrients, concepts related to intake such as DRI, RDA, UI, AL and EAR. This will be followed by an introduction to macro and micro nutrients. Nutrients are regarded as part of treatment in health care settings. For example, postsurgical and burn patients are recommended diets high in protein to aid anabolic processes in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Oral or parenteral iron is given to patients in severe anemia. Therefore, their use is regulated by clinical guidelines to reduce the ...

Report on Case 1: Diagnosis of Hereditary Fructose Intolerance

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, they speed up biological reactions and are also capable of regulation. Enzymatic reactions can be anabolic – where a new substance is built from smaller ones; or catabolic – where a substance is broken down to yield simpler molecules. In the example of fructose, enzymes catabolize this simple sugar to substances that are intermediates of the glycolytic pathway, allowing fructose, a 6-carbon sugar, to be used by cells to obtain energy in a way similar to glucose (also a 6-varbon sugar). Aldolase B is one of the enzymes involved in the catabolism of fructose, and its deficiency results in ...

Question 1

Fiduciary Relationship

A patient in a comatose state presents to the physician with diabetes and high blood pressure. The patient needs mechanical ventilators, dialysis machines and artificial hydration to prolong life. The doctor is informed by the patient’s wife that the patient had previously indicated that he never wanted mechanical ventilation if he fell ill. The doctor is presented with the conflict of interest on the basis of the principle of respect for patient’s autonomy. On the hand, the doctor can ascertain that it is in the best interest of the patient to put him on the life ...

It was advised that i stat home and whenever it is important to eat out, the 'Eating Smart Restaurant Guide' should be my companion.

1 .Reduction in quantity of processed sugar, saturated fat and trans- fat consumed. 2 Increased consumption of vegetables. 3 I will have to increase the number of times I eat at home and reduce my visits to the restaurants. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for carbohydrates in adults is 45-65%, while for proteins it is 10-35% of the calories taken daily by the person. The acceptable macronutrient distribution range for fats is ...

Introduction and Thesis

Alcohol drinking occurs as one of the widely coveted topics that have generated an intense debate across different parts of the world. While it is true that alcohol drinking is often perceived as a recreational behaviour, it is of the essence to comprehend with the fact that I possess dire consequence. Alcohol drinking has been linked with a number of disease conditions, especially diseases that affect the liver. In the recent past, cases of liver conditions and other disease conditions that are closely aligned with alcohol drinking have sky rocketed; hence, prompting the need to have various measures aimed at addressing ...

Diarrhea and Constipation

There are a lot of pathologies and pathogens that could affect the normal flow of food and absorption in the digestive tract. Two common digestive problems, very common that it could be acquired by almost anyone, are diarrhea and constipation. These two digestive disorders are less severe compared to several cancers that could exist in the digestive system like colon cancer and liver cancer. Thus, diarrhea and constipation are easier to treat—these two are also very much easy to acquire.

As a brief background, Diarrhea is a bowel disorder wherein the classic symptom is an increase in the frequency of bowel ...

IN POST- MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between vitamin D intake in the post menopausal women in the age group of 55-60 years and osteoporosis. The elderly women have higher chances of losing vitamin D and thus suffer from multiple fractures and falls. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is stored in the fat cells of the body. It helps in the absorption of calcium by the body. Calcium and other minerals like phosphates are required for maintaining bone health. Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to rickets in the young age and ...

One of the most dreadful diseases that could happen to an individual is diabetes and it really isn’t that easy to classify this life-threatening and organ-attacking disease because it does not only have a single type; it has two. IDDM or the Insulin Dependent Type and the NIDDM or the non-insulin Dependent types are the two general classifications of diabetes. Diabetes is a disorder in drug metabolism because it basically permits or even promotes high sugar blood levels in the body which is life-threatening. Hormones insulin and glucagon are the ones that are involved in the maintenance of a stable blood ...

Clinical Case Study

The evidence based clinical literature reveals the difficulties in diagnosing Myocardial Infarction (MI) concomitantly with pre-existing left bundle branch block (LBBB) with the application of 12 lead ECG in the pre-hospital environment (Surawicz and Knilans, 2008). Indeed, the T waves and baseline ST segments incongruently displaced in negative direction in cases of LBBB as evident through the ECG findings. These abnormal variations in ECG findings tend to override the actual ECG results in relation to MI manifestations, thereby challenging the confirmation of MI with the ECG intervention. However, the moving ST segments revealed through the serial ECGs during ischemic ...

Introduction

Liver is an important organ in the digestive system. The selected infection is hepatitis C. This viral infection affects the liver and then results in the liver enlargement. This form of hepatitis is one of the major challenges worldwide since its discovery and this could be attributed to the absence of a vaccine against the viral infection. Another important contributory factor is that of the prolong period of inactivity of the virus within the host before clinical manifestation. These all contribute to the level of destruction of the liver caused by the virus.

Etiology

The main aetiology is by the hepatitis ...

Drug name: Lovenox is the trade name of Enoxaparin sodium. It is low molecular weight equivalent of heparin. Other trade names of this compound are Xaparin and Clexane. Dose and route of administration: Patients at risk of thromboembolic complications, from abdominal surgery, are given 40mg Lovenox per day. The drug is administered 2 hours prior to surgery, via subcutaneous route. For patients undergoing knee or hip displacement, Lovenox is given 12 hours prior to surgery, at the rate of 30mg, for thromboprophylaxis. The dose is continued for 7 to 10 days. For outpatients with deep vein emboli, Lovenox ...

Clinical Presentation of CKD

According to the National Kidney Foundation, chronic kidney disease refers to the structural and functional abnormalities of kidneys over a period of three months demonstrated by either the damage of kidneys or Glomerular filtration rate lesser than 60mL per minute per 1.73 meter square . The clinical presentation of CKD is difficult to detect due to the uncommon symptoms in patients with GFR greater than 35 percent. However, when the percentage of GFR is less than 35 percent, a variety of complications associate with the disorder, such as hematologic, metabolic, psychiatric and cardiovascular issues occur . In such situations, clinical presentation depends on ...

Liver is a dark reddish-brown organ, which is located in the abdominal cavity. Liver performs very important functions in human organism. To better understand them it is worth noting that liver gets blood from two sources: blood flows from the hepatic artery and from the hepatic portal vein. It consists of two lobes each of which is divided into 8 segments. These segments, in their turn, are also divided into a thousand of lobules. They are connected and form the common hepatic duct. It transports the liver’s excretion called bile to the gallbladder and the first part of the small ...

Likened to oxygen, the human body requires a balanced diet in order to purpose appropriately. A balanced diet, therefore, is comprised of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and vitamins. However, it is worth noting that proteins remain the most essential food nutrient in the human body explaining why it constitutes 75 percent of the body excluding water. The roles of proteins are diverse and they handle the normal healthy living conditions. It is from that rationale that this paper will be endeavoring at elucidating and giving further details on the components of protein in bodybuilding. Equally, the paper will elaborate the various ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;- Dexamethasone The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13). Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

The effects of proper nutrition on athletic performance are impossible to overemphasis. Diet is important for all people; but for athletes it becomes even more important as it is a part of their job to perform on the field. Turning into a tip top competitor obliges great qualities, great preparing and moulding and a sensible eating regimen. Ideal nourishment is crucial for crest execution. Nourishing falsehood can do as much mischief to the aspiring competitor as great sustenance can offer assistance Nourishment and athletic execution: Nourishment can help improve athletic execution. A dynamic way of life and activity schedule, alongside eating ...