Essays on Urine

InstitutionalAffiliation

Staph Infections Definition of Staph Infections The word “Staph” is a short form of the word “Staphylococci” which is the name of the bacteria that causes various infections. Staphylococcal infections, commonly referred to as Staph infections are a group of infections caused by the said bacteria. The infections can result in a wide range of infections including skin infections, lung infections, heart infections and blood infections. Most of these infections are caused by a group of Staphylococci bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This group of bacteria is responsible for various infections including skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, blood poisoning and ...

UTI presents with pain when urinating, a strong and persistent urge to pass urine, cloudiness in urine, strong odor in urine, pelvic pain, colored urine and frequent passing of urine in small quantities (Foxman, 2014. Presenting with the above symptoms is confirmation for the presence of a UTI. However, in other cases, a similar, yet close disorder named IC (interstitial cystitis) may be present. Both conditions present with fever and chills, colored urine that is cloudy, abnormal frequent urination, itching when urinating and persistent urge to urinate. In order to differentiate UTI from IC, a physician may request for ...

Diabetes in America: Research Proposal

Given the recognition and on-going research into the disease of diabetes, there has probably been thousands and perhaps millions of books and articles written on the subject. The most commonly recognized types are type 1 and types 2 diabetes, but others include gestational, monogeneic, and cystic-fibrosis related diabetes (NIDDK, 2017). It is impossible to determine how many people in the world have diabetes or how many will develop it. The estimates of the amount of money spent in patient care and research are only guesses, and the suffering by diabetes and their loved ones is incalculable. However, this paper ...

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS BY ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

The Law and Order SUV episode Parole Violations is a trip on the dark side of law enforcement. The story is a look at how people in power within the enforcement system, in particular, Parole Officers, can and do use their power to manipulate and control parolees, who are entrusted by the system to their care and direction. Parolees are often struggling to find their way while fighting the stigma of being a convicted criminal. This episode examines some concepts that go against the norm, such as whether to believe the word of a convicted criminal over that of ...

Analgesics and opioids have been widely used for the treatment and management of chronic pain in the healthcare sector. Opioids provide better and faster relief to patients with chronic pain compared to non-opioid analgesics. However, the long-term effects of opioids can be devastating. Cancer patients often require comprehensive treatment with respect to pain management. Opioids is considered as the gold standard for most cancer patients with chronic pain which may relate to improved quality of life and improved patient satisfaction. Opioids have a history for substance abuse and the same appears to be a risk to cancer patients. Based ...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on the formation of insulin deficiency and an increase in blood glucose levels. Among metabolic disorders the diabetes occupies a second place after obesity. In the world about 10% of the population suffer from diabetes, however, when one considers hidden form of the disease, this figure can be 3-4 times higher. Diabetes develops due to chronic deficiency of insulin and it is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. By interfacing with other diseases endocrinology highlights symptomatic (secondary) and true diabetes. Symptomatic diabetes accompanies diseases of the endocrine ...

Subjective

MN is a 75 y/o African-American female who presents with complaints of shortness of breath, nausea, reduced urine output, fatigue and swellings in the legs as well as the ankles. The patient states that her symptoms began three days prior to her visit to the clinic and has had a decreased urine volume. Initially, the patients attributed the symptoms, especially nausea and fatigue to the side effects of the medications that she used in managing hypertension and diabetes. However, she states that the symptoms have gradually worsened and that was the reason for visiting the clinic. Past medical history: ...

(Author’s affiliation) Diabetes is a polygenic disease characterized by significantly higher levels of glucose in the blood. In this disorder, metabolic disorders lead to persistent thirst (polydipsia) and excessive level of urination (polyuria). Diabetes is caused by insulin-related disturbances in the body. In healthy human beings, pancreatic β cells have insulin that is found as a hexamer having three insulin dimers attached together by two central zinc ions. The insulin monomer has a 21-residue A chain as well as a 30-residue B chain. These chains are cross-linked by two disulfide bridges, i.e. CysA20-CysB19 and CysA7-CysB7. There is also a ...

Analysis of GMOs Effects on Human Health

Introduction The study of genetically modified organisms has grown to be a topic of concern in the contemporary world. In particular, there exist regulatory procedures that guide the process of approval of the genetically modified crops and foodstuffs (DeFrancesco 796). The only technique that enables the assessment of such issues is the introduction of the mechanisms like the toxicological tests, for example, in mammals, through the performance of such a process over longer time intervals incorporating detailed blood as well as organ system analysis (Séralini et al. 1). However, it has been challenging to carry out such initiatives ...

Abstract

Regretfully, diagnosis of diabetes is very common nowadays. Diabetes has become a worldwide epidemic and one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality because it often leads to amputation of limbs, loss of sight, kidney failure and provokes cardiovascular disease. However, it is not that hard to suspect a high risk of developing diabetes or the disease itself before the analysis of blood sugar levels. Many of the signs of diabetes are visible to the naked eye. Paying attention to them in timely manner can avoid the severe consequences of the disease. Patients with diabetes can lead ...

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study As one of the leading global causes of maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia and related conditions have a remarkably wide impact (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005; Ghulmiyyah & Sibai, 2012). Diseases like pre-eclampsia can strike women of any age and with any socioeconomic background. The issues associated with pre-eclampsia are global, but there are certain populations that are more heavily impacted than others—and these populations are the ones that require investigation (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005). Pre-eclampsia is a condition that is associated with high maternal blood pressure and protein in maternal urine, but it is a ...

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Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

Q1: Prioritizing patient care will help to complete nurse’s shift duties without any adverse patient complication. Prioritizing will help to plan out the day and in managing the cases in the most effective way (Alfaro-LeFevre 2014). The best path to plan care for the patient with different medical and surgical priorities is to set timed objectives and meet the discharge goals based on the urgency of the medical or surgical condition. The handover from the staff of the previous shift provided the information for 4 patients, of which Lucy’s condition is more of an emergency that will ...

Drug metabolism is the enzymatic break down of drugs-a process that takes place in the liver. While drug metabolism can take place at the cellular level, the liver is the major site for this process due to its size-translating to a big supply of enzymes. Drug metabolism is classified as one of the liver’s processes to detoxify the body or get rid of foreign compounds (Law et al., 2014). When the drug reaches the target site and finished working, the remaining amounts may accumulate in the body to levels that may be poisonous or toxic. Drug components are ...

Between 19th October and 1st December 2015, the CDC reported an outbreak of the Escherichia coli O26 (STEC 026) in Delaware, California, Illinois, Oregon, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The CDC linked the outbreak to Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants.

The intestinal symptoms of E. coli infection show up within the first five days after infection and may include:

Loss of appetite Gas Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Sudden watery diarrhea that may turn to bloody stool Cramping of the abdomen Fever In severe cases, the skin becomes pale, urine in blood, a decrease in urine output, and dehydration (Pietrangelo and Kim). Infected people per state include Another short outbreak of a different strain of STEC O26 ...

The case study presented here demonstrates a clear diagnosis of Benign Prostratic Hypertrophy or BPH.

Pathophysiology: The disease condition known as benign hypertrophy of the prostate usually develops initially in the transition zone of the periurethral region of prostate. This zone usually consists of separate lobules of tissues lying external to the sphincter. Majority of ducts of the transitional zone of urethra lie on the lateral part of urethral wall. It is important to note that it is the point of urethral angulation near verumontanum. Near the origin of this transition zone, there are glands of periurethral region. These are usually confined in the preprostatic opening. According to a renowned researcher, majority of the ...

Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as NIDD, which stands for non-insulin dependent diabetes. This diseases presents no symptoms at an early stage but then advances from insulin resistance to hyperglycemia and then full blown diabetes that requires medical attention. The most prescribed course of treatment is the use of sulfonylureas with diet and exercise. Type II diabetes can be attributed to mutations in various genes (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Risk factors that increase the chance of getting Type II diabetes are aging, being inactive and obesity (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Glipizide was first commercially marketed in 1984. ...

ANATOMY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

The urinary tract, simply put, is the bodies system of drainage through which excess water and wastes are removed from the body. It is a multi-organ system consisting of the two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are small organs that assume the shape of a bean and are equivalently the size of a normal human fist. They are located below the rib cage, each of them on either side of the spine. Wastewater (urine) moves from the kidneys downwards through two narrow tubes known as ureters, and it is then stored in the bladder, ...

Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

In the article, Poudel, Baniya and Pokhrel (2009) conduct a prospective study to investigate the microbiological profile as well as the resistance pattern of the strains that cause urinary tract infection associated with the use of Foley’s Catheter. In the study, 100 catheterized adult patients, all above the age of 16, in a hospital participated. The patients used the indwelling Foley’s catheters for both short and long intermediate purposes. 3 ml urine samples were aseptically taken from the patients at the repeat of the catheterization and repeated on unevenly in subsequent days and weekly until the patient ...

Introduction

Osteoarthritis of the knee also known as the degenerative arthritis is a major and growing problem for the elder population all over the globe. Approximately, 27 million individuals have been reported to suffer from osteoarthritis by the Arthritis Foundation in United States (US). Women have been more commonly reported to suffer from osteoarthritis as compared to men. The prevalence of developing arthritis has been found to increase after the age of 45 . Although, mostly elderly population are most affected yet there are few evidences of young people suffering from it. Osteoarthritis is also commonly defined as wear- and- tear ...

Introduction

The large production of bisphenol A (BPA) in the world has been documented because of the increased usage of the same in various industries. The most critical industries that have been using this BPA include those manufacturing containers for foods and beverages, cigarette filters, thermal receipts as well as paper currency. With such a huge provision, it is critical that the basis of such developments only emanates from making the right choices over its uses because its production to a total of 2.7 million tons could be disastrous to the body. The main reasoning here is that the chemical ...

The blood requires a balance between alkaline as well as acid components to function appropriately. Such a balance is referred as acid-base balance. The lungs, as well as kidneys, function to maintain such balance. Whatever variation causes acid-base imbalance. High levels of acid are referred as acidosis, and high alkaline is referred as alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis, as well as alkalosis, results from kidneys problem. Respiratory alkalosis and acidosis occur because of lungs' problem (Schrier 162). The levels or concentrations of acid or alkaline are determined on a scale of pH. Acidity makes pH levels fall, and alkaline condition makes ...

Introduction

The human body consists various cells that are actively involved in the maintenance of metabolism. Although, the body organs, cells as well as tissues usually carry out different functions, the body cells are similar in regard to their pertinent metabolic needs (Sherwood, 2015). Thus, maintaining the internal environment at a constant state mainly by proving the oxygen as well as nutrients and elimination of waste in the body is an essential process for the wellbeing of the cells as well as the whole body. As such, the various processes through which the human controls or regulates the internal environment ...

1. There are several components to the physical examination. Initially, the patients will have their vitals accesses (heart rate, temperature, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) This will give the physician an overall picture of the status of the patient. Next, the doctor will consider the general appearance of the patient, noting any abnormalities. After the general appearance, the physician will assess each organ system (cardiovascular, pulmonary, GI, integument, etc.) individually. To evaluate each system, the physician will first inspect the system for any abnormalities. After the inspection is auscultation where, if applicable, the physician will use a ...

The ICD-10 code for stress incontinence associated with pelvic floor weakness and muscle incoordination in female is N39.3. The CPT (ICD-9) code for stress incontinence in female is 625.6. ("The Web's Free ICD-9-CM & ICD-10-CM Medical Coding Reference", 2016; "CPT Procedure Codes - Medical Procedure Codes", 2016) The 41 years old female complained urine leakage while coughing, laughing and when lifting heavy objects. She also experiences bladder leakage when lifting her 1-year-old child. The patient smokes and drinks alcohol occasionally. Review of the coding system to support the claim: First, I searched for the topic on ‘Pelvic muscle weakness’ in ...

Post-operative haemorrhage reporting

Part 1 Postoperative haemorrhage is the bleeding observed after a procedure involving a surgical operation (Bonjer and Cuesta 224). The bleeding may be delayed, or it may happen immediately after the procedure.

The prevalence of postoperative haemorrhage

In 2000, the prevalence of postoperative haemorrhage in the United States was estimated to be as follows: An occurrence of 2.24 postoperative haemorrhages with evacuation or surgical drainage per 1000 surgical discharges, 1.02 postoperative haemorrhages of people with the age range of 0 to 17 per 1000 surgical discharges and 1.5 postoperative haemorrhages among people of ages 18 to 44 per 1000 surgical discharges.

A scenario involving post-operative haemorrhage

A 40year old ...

Why does she have bacteria and white blood cell casts in her urine?

In this case, Ms, Cornwall has focal bacterial infection of her calyces, medulla and renal pelvis. The presence of these bacterial and their invasion within the mentioned parts causes a body response to defend against the invasion. This occurs though a trigger of the inflammatory mediators and other body defense mechanism in this case the white blood cells. With the white blood cells now dominating the region of infection, there occurs a systematic abscess formation and necrosis within the medulla (Alexander et al., 2012). At this point, the next step that could occur is the scar tissue formation which ...

Stone Formation in the Kidney/ Role of Citrate in the Kidneys

Kidney stones are calcified or solidified molecules taking place in the upper urinary tract and the kidney. Kidney stones are usually composed of calcium as oxalate, phosphate, or carbonate. Stone formation in the kidney happens when the amount of mineral salts in the urine becomes saturated, during which the mineral will automatically crystallize (Rao et al., 2011). Stone formation is further facilitated by increasing amount of calcium in urine and dehydration. High levels of calcium in urine can indicate kidney disorder, prolonged incapacitation, hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid, excessive intake of milk or aluminum and vitamin D. Stone formation in ...

The article is about comparing the pollution caused by cars in the 1970’s to the pollution that existed in the United States prior to the automobile. The focus of the article is the pollution caused by the waste of horses. Horses were the cause of a number of pollution related issues in the past. The gases that they released along with the fecal matter they left behind not only resulted in foul odors, but were harmful to the environment and people’s health. There was also the issue of noise, which subsequently increased to horrifying levels in cities ...

INTRODUCTION

There are many different conditions, diseases, infections and disorders that can negatively affect human beings, damaging their bodies, compromise overall health, diminish their quality of life and very often lead to the sufferer’s death. Polycystic kidney disease in one of these more serious conditions. Polycystic kidney disease is an incurable condition that encourages the growing of cysts which can overtake the kidneys, cause them to malfunctions and even fail all together. More than 600,000 people in the United States are living with polycystic kidney disease and the condition contributes to more than 5% of all cases of ...

The article “A Brief History of Medical Diagnosis and the Birth of the Clinical Laboratory”, by Darlene Berger, is an interesting read, which thoroughly explores the subject at hand. This article, which is Part 1 in a series of four articles, discusses medical advances from. “Ancient times through the 19th century.” Berger makes very succinct observations about advances in medicine and the advent of the clinical laboratory. She does an excellent job of objectively discussing many of the important discoveries in medical history, providing stirring examples of success and of failure in the context of medical history, and cites ...

Introduction

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that has adverse effects on the health of the patient if not diagnosed and treated at early stages of development. Human bodies are designed to develop resistance to pathogens that cause such infections despite the availability of medicinal cure for the infection. This paper seeks to answer various questions about the infection by first describing the disease and how it is contracted. The symptoms and problems associated with the disease are also discussed while providing a detailed explanation for the high recurrence rate of the disease among the African American urban women. Besides, ...

Body Fluids

Some parameters of urine “macroscopic” examination are quantity, color, clarity and cloudiness. Some of the constituents that might be observed in a urine “microscopic” examination are epithelial cells, crystals, bacteria or yeast and protozoan casts. Three conditions that can occur prior to a specimen being poured into a centrifuge tube that can produce false-negative microscopic results are the use of an old, unpreserved specimen, failure to mix the specimen and an amorphous precipitation. For the overall evaluation of the sediment and the detection and quantity of casts, the magnification that should be used is 100x. On the other hand ...

INTRODUCTION

In the modern era there are a plethora of diseases, conditions and disorders that can affect individual’s health, well-being and quality of life for people all across the world. Whether it is from cancer to infections or from diabetes to HIV there is always the possibility of contracting or developing disease. However, not all diseases are contracted or developed due to an external influence, there are some that originate from the inside; such conditions are generally referred to as an autoimmune disease. This means that the problem involves an individual’s own immune system, perceives their own body ...

Abstract

The health issues affecting older people have over the years faced constant ignorance in the society. It has become essential to include the elderly patients in the national policy issue because of their increased numbers in the population. The primary objective of such a move is to provide better health care and high quality of life for older adults and their respective families. Health care systems, health care providers, policy makers and health care organizations have to dedicate their efforts on sensitization of acute and chronic medical issues affecting older and improvising measures that can help protect the elderly ...

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) refers to a chronic bacterial infection of cattle that distresses some species of mammals. It is a substantial zoonosis that may spread to humans, mainly via the consumption of unpasteurized milk or the inhalation of aerosols. In developed nations, eradication initiatives have eliminated or reduced tuberculosis in cattle. As a result, human disease is currently rare. Nevertheless, reservoirs in wildlife may cause eradication challenging. Bovine tuberculosis remains popular in underdeveloped nations, and severe economic losses may take place from livestock mortalities, trade restrictions, and chronic disease. In some circumstances, this disease can similarly be a grave ...

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Urinary System

Kidneys are the main organs of the urinary system that filter around 200 liters of blood and purify it through excreting excessive water, toxins, electrolytes and metabolic wastes that assist in maintaining body’s fluid equilibrium. The other components of the urinary system are ureters, urethra and urinary bladder (Marieb & Hoehn, 2003). The urinary system can be differentiated into main four parts, kidney, bladder, ureters, and urethra. Kidneys are secured by the tri-layered arrangement that includes an outer renal fascia composed of fibrous connective tissues, a middle ...

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Diuretics targets to lower sodium and water reabsorption that may lead to enhanced water excretion. The main aim of diuretics is to reduce the fluid volume inside the body and maintain the electrolyte and water equilibrium. These agents are used for managing the pathological conditions including hypertension and edema such as cardiac congestion failure, liver and kidney problems, and glaucoma. It also helps in processing and regulating the blood pressure by eliminating the excessive salt from the body which slows down the cardiac muscles to impel the ...

SOAP NOTE

Women’s Health / Primary Care SOAP Age Range: 20-30 Gender: Female Occupation: Home maker. Subjective: ID: M.M.

Reliability: Pt is reliable, dependable and a knowledgeable source of information.

Reason for seeking Care (CC): Patient states “I have missed last two menstrual cycles of mine. I just need to confirm if I am pregnant.” History of Present Illness: Patient is a 29-year-old Asian female with no significant medical illness in the past history. Patient is a new patient to the clinic, and has come to confirm if she is pregnant. Travel History past 30 days: Patient has returned from a trip to her home land last week..

Current Medications: She uses some Homoeopathic medicines for constipation and heartburn sometimes.

Allergies (Medication, ...

Introduction

Sexual behavior and homosexuality are the sensitive issues among other issues in the world of religion. Every society has moral rules that regulate sexual behavior. However, the rules differ from society to society. At times, to its intents and purposes, the rules necessarily and sufficiently need some specific study and comparing for rational precision. At this event, the comparison of the sexual behavior of different societies with the religious beliefs displays some distinctive connection between the social structures and morals. Power argues that the monastic rules served to ensure the proper public performance of monks because it is the ...

Travelling to another planet is referred to interplanetary spaceflight. The term is usually used when travelling to a planet within the same planetary system (Fisher 1). The human race has made tremendous strides in space exploration. Man has made it to the moon and back, which was a great achievement for science as well as the human race. Man may not have stepped onto another planet yet, but significant achievements have been made in interplanetary exploration. There have been explorations using probes that have flown by every planet in the solar system. The New Horizons recently flew by the ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most widespread problem, especially among women. It is observed the second most common incidence in primary and secondary care that requires antibiotic treatment (Shah & Goundrey-Smith, 2013). The UTI incidences are high among women and around 50% women face it once in their lifetime. The statistics suggest that women are more prone to UTIs in comparison to men and data shows that 7-8% women between the age of 60-80 and around 20% women above the age of 80 years are more susceptible ( ...

Drug testing in the workplace is a mandate of the government which aims to ensure that employees are not influenced by drugs which could hamper their performance in the job, and not endanger the clients and the people that the company caters to. Drug has been one of the serious problems in the society which was found to have affected not only the vulnerable young ones, but almost everyone regardless of age. People resort to drugs for several different reasons, and most often than not, one’s venture to the use of this substance results to a longer dependency ...

Urinary reflux refers to the abnormal flow of urine from the kidneys to the bladders and then back to the kidneys through these tubes referred to as the ureters. Urinary system is designed in such a way that no backward flow of urine occurs from the bladders back to the kidneys hence causing massive infections (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, par.1).

What are common causes for urinary reflux?

Urinary reflux is caused by a defect at the tip of the ureters tube that usually carries urine from the kidneys to the bladders. This defect reduces the pressure at which the urine is being pumped ...

1. There are four essential components of a physical exam: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. These parts of the physical exam should take place regardless of what organ system are being evaluated. Inspection involves looking at the patient and diagnosing any non-normal physical findings. A good example of this is bruising seen on the abdomen during an abdominal exam. The next part of the examination is palpation. Here the physician will feel for any abnormal findings, such as masses or abscesses. Following palpation is percussion. During this step, the physician uses their hands to produce a sound and can ...

Urinary Tract Infections

Introduction Microbes such as bacteria, fungi and viruses are known to be the leading causes of infection. An infection of the urinary tract is associated with the urine formation system. The tract is colonized by several health bacteria. Infective ones are quickly eliminated from the system when available. The parts of the system that can be infected are the bladder a disease called cystitis. Urethritis affects the urethra, and the kidney is pyelonephritis which is caused by the diffuse spread of infectious organisms into the kidneys (Rechtsteiner & Schappert, 2006). The bacteria E. Coli is the primary cause of UTIs. ...

The urinary tract is also called the urinary system, consisting of the kidney, ureters, bladder and urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system main function is to preserve homeostasis through water and electrolytes conservation and also excrete toxins from the body (Amerman, 2016). The kidneys filter blood and balance fluids in the body; the ureters are channels through which urine travels to the bladder. Urine is stored in the bladder before it is passed out of the body through the urethra (Amerman, 2016). The urinary system can be attacked by infections causing blockage, damage, and injuries to the tissues impeding ...

Rhabdomyolysis

Introduction In normal conditions, muscles grow when certain activities cause the muscle fibers to become damaged and then subsequently regrown and developed through a series of cellular process. This activity occurs during the body is at rest. In other words, the continuous breakdown is normal for growing muscles as it allows them to become bigger through the introduction of myrofibrils, or muscle fibers. However, there is a condition when the muscle fibers break down rapidly due to a number of reasons, and then they do not regrow at a corresponding rate. This condition is known in medical circles as ...

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

Purpose

This experiment sought to determine the value of the surface tension of water and paraffin oil from the downward pull on a horizontal ring fastened to a spring.

Apparatus

The following materials were used in the experiment: Platinum-iridium ring equipped with stirrup (circumference L=4cm)

Spring

Paraffin oil Distilled water Petri dish Weight pan Striker Level Jolly balance with adjustable platform Scale to determine the paraffin oil density Suitable weights Bunsen burner Tweezers Introduction Surface tension refers to the energy required to expand a liquid’s surface area (Ozment, John, and Conrad, 391). Liquid molecules are attracted to one another by adhesive ...

4 – Nitroaniline

INTRODUCTION

4-Nitroaniline is an organic nitro aromatic compound. It is a yellow powder with a pungent odor and is highly soluble in hot water, methanol, ethanol, acetone etc (Lide 1994). Its chemical formula is C6H6N2O2. It has the following chemical structure: (Courtesy: PubChem 2016) It is also known as P-Amino nitrobenzene, P-Nitraniline or Benzene amine (PubChem 2016). It explodes on decomposition to emit toxic nitrogen oxides (Lewis 1996). 4-Nitroaniline is used in the manufacture of textile dyes such as the red azo dyes. It is also used in preparation of antioxidants, fuel additives, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and poultry medicines ( ...

Brief summary

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is considered to be a health problem because of the millions of people who are using it worldwide. The article states that excessive cocaine use will cause changes in the prefrontal Cortes (PFC) (Terraneo, p.37). The reason for this is because PFC plays a significant role in the addictive cycle such as the inhibitory control, reinforcement learning as well as cravings. Many types of research that have been conducted show that the loss of inhibitory control is brought on by drug behaviors. The article looks at the animal studies that have been carried out in ...

Nursing research is relevant to the community, and it aims at finding more knowledge to advance the practice of nursing, shape the healthy policy, and to change the health in the whole country (America Association of Nursing, 2006). According to American Nurses Association (2006), the nursing research priorities at the advancement of quality and health care, and to significantly advance the critical importance of professional nursing practice especially in the research. In my research am going to rely mostly on the online research publications because they are more updated that printed journals. My role specialization chosen in UTI in ...

Abstract

In the following case-study, Joshua is a newborn infant presented by his parents Samuel and Rachel to the pediatric outpatient unit of Robertsbridge, Sussex for screening and medical advice for sporadic vomiting at the time of breast feeding and seizure-like episodes. Samuel and Racheal also report sweet odor in the urine and loss of weight. Blood tests demonstrated increased concentrations of leucine and isoleucine. Genetic testing on the skin biopsies reveal mutation at Exon 6, c.659C>T of the of BCKDHA gene with a protein level p. A220V and Joshua exhibits about 1.5 % lesser than normal deficiency in the ...

Introduction and Overview

The Rhesus factor (Rh) refers to the red blood cell’s(RBC) surface antigen;the name Rhesus comes from the small Indian monkeys in which it was first discovered. Rh incompatibility,sometimes referred to as Rh disease, is a condition that occurs when a woman with the Rh-negative blood type is exposed to Rh- positive blood cells, leading to the development of Rh antibodies. This condition can have fatal outcomes including haemolytic disease of the foetus or newborn, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). These conditions have, in the past, raised a lot of concerns, and some ...