Essays on Cancer

The "circadian timing system" has been linked to the wellness and improvement of survival rate in cancer patients. Recent research shows how the circadian timing system is affected by chemotherapy in mice. The study tries to answer the main question: what is the relationship between the disruption of circadian rhythm and adverse events in individual cancer patients? The study also aims to quantify the treatment-induced CTS changes and to characterize the rhythm recovery dynamics of cancer patients.
The study samples include 49 patients who are candidate for saving chemotherapy regimens and medical treatment of their cancer disease. Specifically, the

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1. Objective: The objective of this study was to check whether coffee intake can help protect against fatal oral/pharyngeal cancers in a large US prospective cohort study.
2. Study design: The study included individuals from among the 1 million plus (men and women, average age 57 years) participants of the Cancer Prevention Study II by the American Cancer Society. The study participants completed a confidential questionnaire designed to obtain information about behavioral, dietary habits and family health history including cancer.
3. Strength of study design: The study described by Hildebrand J. and others (2012) was large and included participants

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Introduction

Smoking occurs as one of the widely discussed topics across various settings all over the world. This can be attributed to the effects that smoking has on the overall health of smokers and those who live with smokers. Smoking mainly refers to the act of smoking cigarette and other tobacco containing substances. In addition, smoking can occur in cases where someone smokes certain substances such as marijuana. As previously mentioned, smoking has a negative effect on the smokers as well as those who live with the smokers. For people who live with smokers, they are affected because they inhale

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Introduction

Although drinking tea has been said to have health benefits for many centuries, only recently have its medicinal value been investigated empirically. There are four general categories of tea. These are green, black, white, and oolong tea. Black tea and green tea are the most common types. Black tea, which is obtained after fermentation and oxidation through fermentation, is the most commonly consumed kind. However, recent research indicates that some nutrients and elements are lost through oxidation. Green tea, which is the least unprocessed kind of tea, contains antioxidant polyphenols, especially the catechins believed to contribute to health benefits.

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Mercy Cancer Centre is a premier community cancer treatment centre located in the ghetto of a major city. It caters for treatment and management of cancer cases for the members of the public at no cost. Hundreds of underprivileged members of the community and others from outside the locality are undergoing treatment at the centre. A number of these patients visit the centre on appointment with doctors while 30 terminally-ill people are admitted at the facility.
Mercy Cancer Centre depends entirely on well-wishers for all its financial needs. Samantha Peters, the founder, also doubles up as the executive director.

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(Candidate’s Full Name)

Causes and Effects
Obesity is a medical condition in which excessive amount of fats accumulates in the human body. If a person’s body weight is at least 20% higher than it should be, the person is considered to be obese. Obesity has been classified as a disease by the American Medical Association and has been described as one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide and one of the most serious health issues of the 21st century. Its effects on health are unimaginable.

Causes of Obesity

- Junk Food: Eating high glycemic food with low nutritional content

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Introduction

The academic language symbolizes the school language demands. This language consists of the language that is used on tests, in classrooms, textbooks, and in each discipline. Every form of communication has its functions, and neither is advanced than the other. A number of academic writing seeks to convey new information as well as discussing the existing ideas. Scientific writing is not different. In particular, the scientists should be in a position to present their data. What’s more, the scientists must explain what their data means in the study and the broader context of the scientific studies. To realize

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Response

A metaphor implies calling something with a name that belongs to a different thing. The mentality behind what the society normally says about illnesses and people who suffer from them has a negative impact on the sick (Sontag, 100). Most diseases whose causality are not known are awash with symbols There are similarities between the public opinions about cancer, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis because people associate them with psychological characteristics (Sontag 112).
People create metaphors and symbols with the notion that it will help the patient feel better. These metaphors encourage stigma and make a disease look somewhat like a

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Synopsis of wit

Wit begins with Vivian speaking to the audience. She is a patient at a major research hospital and has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer (Edson 3). She treats her sickness with the same impartiality as she would research. Before she was hospitalized, she was professor Bearing. She played the role of scholar and teacher specializing in the Holy Sonnets of John Donne. In her play, Margaret takes the audience through the many achievements of professor Bearing by illuminating on the past and the present achievements. Vivian takes the audience through what happens to her when she is treated with

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Cancer is a term used to define a class of various diseases that entail irregular cell growth resulting in some forms of malignant tumors. When the malignant cells form in one part of the body, they affect the neighboring cells although the diseases can affect tissues far from the place that the cancerous tumor has developed. Recently, cases of cancers have been on the rise, and the reasons behind this could be pollution of the environments, lack of exercises, poor dietary habits, and consumption of carcinogenic substances. Cancer comes in various forms, and if detected early enough most of

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A medical professional with post graduate qualifications with a major in diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases related to skin, and skin cancer is known as a dermatologist. These professionals are skilled to understand the structure and functions of the skin and the connections that are concerned with skin pathologies and failures of other body parts. People perceive dermatologists to be specialists in treating medical issues; however, dermatologists also deal with beautifying skin problems, for example, wrinkles, scars, and early ageing. Several studies of Asian populations demonstrate pigmentary changes as a major component of early aging . After gaining a medical

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Introduction

Most of the world’s chronic diseases are preventable by long term dietary behavior. Out of the ten major causes of deaths for Americans, diet is a contributing factor to at least five of them. These diseases are such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes. A report by the Joint World Health Organization on diet made in 2003 revealed that, most of the world’s chronic diseases can be prevented by regular physical exercise and maintenance of a healthy weight. This finding is valid up to date. According to this report, a person’s genome determined their susceptibility to

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Factors such as race, sex and age may be significant benchmarks in the analysis or understanding of epidemiological details such as incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer.1 For instance, the incidence and mortality rates in men are twice more than in women.1 Based on race, African American males have a higher incidence rate than White males.1 This also applies between a comparison between African American females and White females respectively.
Despite the occurrence of new cases of oral cancer, the overall incidence rate trend over the last 30 years has been declining.2 The incidence rate of oral cancer

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Endothelial malfunction is the main cause for atherosclerosis. Arterial blockage increases the risk of stroke, congestive heart failure, and heart attack. Cocoa polyphenols, bioavailable superoxide dismutase, and pomegranate help the arteries from being damaged by enhancing endothelial function.
Pomegranate has influential antioxidant properties that protect the heart and blood vessels. Pomegranate juice reduces atherosclerotic properties, and reduces arterial plaque progression. Anthocyanins, Punicalagins, and tannins present in pomegranate acts as antioxidant and reduce cardiovascular diseases. Cocoa polyphenols enhance endothelial function, improve the free flow of blood, and prevents oxidation of LDL's.
Cocoa has a high concentration of flavonoids. Epicatechin and

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English 103

Tobacco has a long history in the America since 600 to 900 A.D. It was used predominantly in medical purposes and the people on that time did not smoke every day (Healthliteracy.worlded.org). Today, smoking has become the major problem in the world since 1950s. According to the cross-section data obtained from 187 countries, nowadays there are more than 967 million of people, who smoke every day compared to 721 million in 1980s (BBC.com). It comprises about 1/10 population in the world and there are more than 480,000 deaths per year that are caused by smoking cigarettes in the

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A second-generation drug is a drug that is designed to target a patient’s molecules that have defects. These defects may include cancerous cells in the body of a patient. Cancer growth in the human body is the unregulated or uncontrolled growth of cells with metastasis and usually this growth spreads to the other organs and tissues of the body. The second-generation drug targets the cells that are continuously reproducing and thus prevent the cells from continuously reproducing uncontrollably.
The clinical candidate tipifarnib is a second-generation drug that targets the causative agent of the chagas disease. - Protozoan parasite,

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Do sugar, red meat, and processed meat cause cancer?

Neily on Nutrition features Karen Collins, an advisor for American Institute of Cancer Research. Collin’s expertise for over 25 years can help understand several things about cancer-causing foods. People need to know key things about the cause of cancers and some myths about the matter. Does sugar cause cancer? Does red meat cause cancer? Does processed meat also cause cancer? These are the common questions asked by health conscious people.
Technically, cancer cells are just like every cell in the human body that needs fuel for energy. Sugar is one of the needed substances to fuel the body

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The cancer patient navigation was developed to help solve the problem of detecting the late and adverse stages of cancer that resulted to death of the patient. It was established to rid of obstacles that made it difficult to reach the doctors in time, to make medical payments when due and since breast cancer was common it helped doctors to development managerial skills and a duty of care upon the diagnosed patients. The patient navigation was to be used as a guideline map to patients so that they may not get lost while seeking medical attention. Patients navigation helps

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM): used for imaging, visualizing, taking measures and manipulating objects in nanometer scale. The device has a mechanical probe that senses the material placed on its surface (John 1).
Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM): the STM is used to perform atomic level imaging of surfaces. Its lateral resolution is about 0.1 nanometers while its depth resolution is around 0.01 nanometers. This measure suffices in manipulating an image that is good enough (John 1).
Nanoimpellers: Tubes made from light-sensitive silica. They are used to carry cancer-killing medication and target only cancer cells. These nanoimpellers are injected

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Technological innovation in the present times has been the talk of the day cutting across all the fields concerning humankind. Technology, particularly in the medical field has proved to be very crucial in the refinement of health practices. The new technology is making challenging disease less and less of a threat.
“Scentsory DiagNose” is a medical technology that makes use of microsensors. Microsensors are tiny electronic gadgets that are capable of identifying bodily, or biomedical signals by use of scent that can later be analyzed on a computer. The results can in turn be used to get health solutions

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Idea # 1: Narrative addressing barriers to colorectal screening

This narrative has been used to intervene in the process of promoting the colorectal screening of cancer disease. Recruitment of participants, whose age ranges between 49 to 60 years has been done to investigate the claims made by renowned researchers, that there is an overestimate of barriers towards cancer screening but the results are not universally satisfactory . I propose that there be a categorical and random allocation of one-half of the recruits to encode the message, the results will be conclude that barriers to screening be predicted to have a minimal barrier in the near future.

Idea # 2: Examining HPV Threat-to-Efficacy Ratios in the Extended Parallel Process Model

The research model

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Over the past few decades, major improvements have been made in the field of cancer treatments, therapies and diagnostics. Cancer nursing is a result of these advances; it continues to play a vital role in offering palliative support to cancer patients and improve their ability to cope up with the disease. Consequentially, cancer nurses have become an integral part of the complex cancer treatment process.
Cancer is a disease characterized by an uncontrollable growth of cancerous cells in the body. These cells are referred to as malignant cells. Although the symptoms of cancer vary depending on the type/location of

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Freudenheim, Van den Brandt, Colditz, Goldbohm, Harnack et al. (2005) hypothesized that alcohol consumption increases the risk of lung cancer. Smoking is known widely as the primary cause of cancer of the lungs but a lot remains unknown on the etiology of lung cancer. The study involved a pooled analysis of standardized covariate and exposure data from 7 different prospective studies comprising 3137 lung cancer cases and 399,767 participants. In terms of collection of information, the authors collected information by pooling cohorts, which were arrived at using the criteria of incident lung cancer cases, dietary assessment, a validation

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Lung cancer (also called – carcinoma of lungs) is a type of malignant tumor. It emerges from cells paving lungs and bronchi. Usually it takes years for this type of cancer to develop. But if a person gets this type of disease most likely other organs will be affected as well. Lung cancer is a really dangerous for a human, as it is hard to diagnose it and it might be too late to treat it. This disease contributes to the major part of deaths throughout the developed countries. Annually there are about 1 million cases of lung cancer around

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Oral cancer mostly affects the mouth, lips and tongue of a person. It affects people across all genders and class in societies. It arises from many factors that boost up its prevalence. In this study, however, our main concerns will be on the possible effects that may be resultant as a result of alcohol and tobacco intake. In this regard, effects of tobacco and alcohol intake can either be joint or on independent angles. It means that, the effects can exist singly or in collaboration. In this study, my point of reference will be a research article in Pub

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Benefits of Green Tea

Tea is one of the one of the most popular beverages if not the most popular beverage on earth. A 2012 report says that, tea is the number two most consumed beverages after water in the whole world. This shows the rate of consumption of tea by people and how important it is to us. Various societies have embraced the role tea plays in their day do day lives. For example, the British have ‘tea time’ and various Asian communities have ancient tea ceremonies.
Green tea is preferred to black or white tea, because of the health benefits associated

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- Introduction
End-of-life care is important for patients with advanced cancer. It entails palliative care, and friendly discussions with care givers and loved ones. This study will compare cancer patients who receive palliative care and those who do not receive end-of-life care in their last days I. Patients who receive end-of-life care live better compared to those who do not receive palliative care. From this source, profound information was gathered about cancer and ways to manage it in all stages. Physicians posit that cancer is a dreadful that requires great intervention. Notably, despite advanced medication and early treatment, the

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Ultraviolet light (UV) is a largely invisible variant of light which has intense electromagnetic energy and whose wavelength ranges from 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm. Normal visible light varies from 0.4 μm to 0.7 μm. There are, however, levels at which UV light can be visible to some organisms like birds and insects. It is different from visible light because it is of its high concentration; can result in chemical reactions and can harm human beings.
UV light is majorly derived from the sun. In addition there are other particular sources which can be utilized for production of these

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Psychology

Question 1
Stanley Schachter's (1964) two-factor theory of emotion can be viewed in part as a social theory of emotion. Explain
The Schachter’s Theory of Emotion integrates the roles of the cognitive factors and psychosocial arousal in the determination of human emotion. It further asserts that the experience specific emotions depends on the cognitive factors exercising over the general psychosocial arousal. These principles coincide with the social theory of emotions, which also asserts that human emotions depend upon psychosocial and cognitive concepts in adults and children consecutively.

Question 2

Upward Social Comparisons refers to comparing ourselves with the people we

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In 2012, the USPSTF (United States Preventive Services Task Force) set up new guidelines for the nursing practitioners and other medical officers to follow in practice of cervical cancer screening. The screening helps most women in the early detection and cure of cervical cancer, which may accelerate and cause serious aggregate problems in the future. Women received the new regulations differently with most women interpreting the move to mean reduced frequency of pap smears and delayed first screening for cancer (Plescia, Richardson and Joseph, 2012). However, the implications of the recommendations mean reduced strain for women at average risk

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Colorectal cancer is one of the malignant diseases that claim a lot of deaths across the globe. Though causes of cancer are unknown, research believes that there is a strong link between cancer cells and the standards of nutrition (Jun, 2013, p.145). In addition, one’s heritage and lineage contributes to an individual’s risk to developing cancer cells. This means that nutritional factors can prohibit or stimulate the growth of colorectal cancer. Thus, it is evident that dietary habits and heretical genes are the key components in enhancing the colorectal carcinogenesis. It is crucial to not that cancer

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Hormone replacement therapy can be simply defined as all the medications that contain female hormones for the replacement of those hormones that a female body does not manufacture after menopause. This therapy is a standard treatment to cure menopause symptoms. Although there are some benefits related with HRT, a majority of doctors are less likely to recommend this therapy as the concerns associated with it are much hazardous (especially for elder women). On the other hand, it could prove as a better option for certain women who have low risk factors (Cabot, 1995).

Risks of Hormone Therapy

At the same time as Hormone

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- What is the Topic?
The objective of this paper is to discuss a selected topic in the field of ethics. The selected topic to be discussed was the ethical validity of the principle that suggests that the good of many outweighs the good of one. This paper will revolve around this ethical dilemma and its applicability in Henrietta Lacks’ case, perhaps even in the case of her family.
- How is Henrietta and her family involved?
The bottom line that makes this paper relevant to the principle that suggests that the good of the many outweighs the good

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Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States. CDC has categorized skin cancer as an epidemic (CDC, 2013). It has been reported that more than a million cases are reported each year in the US, with approximately 120,000 cases of melanoma, the deadliest among all forms of skin cancer. The incidence of skin cancer has shown to be rising most rapidly in young adults between the ages of 18-29. It has been hypothesized that this increase in the incidence of skin cancer is due to change in behavior of young adults, including, exposure

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A review of the article by Jankowska, et al., 2008, titled “Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells”
Jankowska, et al in their article published in the journal “Molecular Cancer” demonstrate the expression of hCG-beta in cervical cancer and examine the functional significance of hCG- in-vitro cervical cancer cells by making use of modified U1snRNA to silence the mRNA of hCG-. Silencing of the maturation of mRNA by use of a novel silencing technique results in inhibition of growth and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.
Lipofectamine 2000 and

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Despite decades of effort and a diversity of treatments, cancer is still a disease with poor prognosis. The cancer stem cell theory substantiates this fact that cancer cells have the ability to influence the growth and spread of tumor. It further states that a cancer stem cell can produce other cancer cells. This is because it withstands death due to its inability to undergo complex mitotic processes. This theory hypothesizes its findings based on tumor growth driven by rare subpopulation of cells. The cancer stem cell theory explains the fundamental force behind cancer by investigating its self renewal and

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Introduction

Marijuana is often consumed for physiological effects which include heightened mood, relaxation and increase in appetite. It also has some side effects which includes several problems like decreasing short term memory and impaired motor skills. Marijuana is used for recreational, medical and religious purpose. Marijuana can be consumed by smoking, vaporizer, marijuana tea and with food items (Teicher, et.al., 2006).

Positive effects of Marijuana

Patients with various medical problems such as: Tourette-Syndrome, loss of appetite, respiratory diseases, depression, weight loss, nausea, insomnia, injuries and body pains, alcoholism, infections, and many more are treated with marijuana (Teicher, et.al., 2006). Tetrahydrocannabinol is the primary active

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Colorectal cancer, which is also commonly known as colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. According to statistics retrieved from the centers for disease control, approximately 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are detected every year. The incidence of colon cancer is observed more commonly in patients that belong to higher socioeconomic background. Furthermore, colon cancer is most commonly detected in patients who are 50 years or older (CDC.gov). It was observed that approximately 49000 deaths occur annually on account of colon cancer. The death rate for colon cancer has been

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This study aimed at characterizing the regulation of oxygen-sensing pathway in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Cells were extracted from umbilical cord blood (UCB), adult bone marrow, and pediatric bone marrow. Expression of HIF-1a and PHDs in the three cells were determined under hypoxia and normoxia. The following activities were performed while conducting the study: cell culture and osteoinduction, characterization of hMSCs using flow cytometric method, hypoxic exposure and Western blot analysis, Quantitative Real -Time RT-PCR (Q-PCR), Glucose and Lactate Assays, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Determination of pH of the culture media, and Statistical Analyses.
The results showed that

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Breast cancer can be referred to as a cancer type that originates from breast tissue, mostly from the milk ducts’ inner lining or the lobules, which supply the ducts with milk (Sariego, 2010). Cancers arising from ducts are called ductal carcinomas, as those from lobules are called lobular carcinomas. Breast cancer affects humans, as well as other mammals. Breast cancer also affects in men.
Breast cancer occurs due to an environmental factor’s interaction with a host that is genetically susceptible. Normal cells undergo division as many times as required and stop. They get attached to other cells where

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