Essays on Cancer

Article review of MRI utilization in Newly diagnosed Breast cancer: a survey of practicing surgeons

In this article, Parker, Schroen and Brenin present the findings of a study they conducted on breast surgeons to determine the practice beliefs which surround the use of MRI in newly diagnosed breast cancer. They state that even though there are guidelines which support the use of MRI in high risk screening, there no guidelines to facilitate the use of MRI in newly diagnosed cancer. They state that breast MRI can identify a disease which is not seen under normal diagnosis procedures such as mammography, frequently leading to a change in surgical therapy. Accordingly, the optimal utility for breast MRI in a group ...

- Staples Case

Many organizations with many units have increasingly moved from the traditional way of doing business and adopted rather non-traditional ways. This is due to the emerging issues which continue to change with the global trends in business. For instance, ‘Longs Drugs Company’ in the field of pharmaceuticals used to allow its managers to make products in accordance with the market served. However, this company has proved to be among the global pacesetters in business by having a more centralized decision making rather than decentralized. This allows it to adapt to changing trends. The drivers of this ...

The film “Ikaru” by Kurosawa Akira is a great example of classic Japanese cinema. What impressed me most about the film is how the fragility of life is examined through cinematic technique. The film revolves around the story of a middle aged man dying from cancer and his search to find some meaning within his otherwise meaningless life before his death. The director excels at conveying a mood that is both sad and triumphant.

The character begins with his diagnosis of cancer and finds as he reflects on his life he has not accomplished much. He finds that most of it ...

Research Critique

The title of the research article “This Too Shall Pass: A Grounded Theory Study of Filipino Cancer Survivorship” is an appropriate one for the paper because it captures the key phenomenon under study. Moreover, the title also mentions the group of people under study. Therefore, in terms of appropriateness, I would say the title is appropriate.

Taking a look at the introduction, the researchers did good job in giving an overview of the worldwide prevalence of cancer and also gave a good definition of cancer survivorship. However, after going through that section, one cannot really point to a clearly stated Statement ...

Genetically Modified Organisms have perhaps been one of the most controversial and debatable topics lately. There has been a huge debate about the safety of their consumption and various associated implications. There are two different and opposite lobbies and while one supports Genetically modified organism, the other detracts and criticizes them. There have been many studies and researches on the safety and efficiencies of GMOs and the results have been mixed and confusing.

The article ‘Altered Food, GMOs, Genetically Modified Food’ by Jennifer Ackerman does a commendable job at explaining everything about the genetically modified organisms. The article published in ...

An investigation into whether polypharmacy in hospice and palliative care patient population can be reduced, thereby affecting quality of life

Introduction Polypharmacy simply refers to the use of several medications by patients. Sometime patients are prescribed several medications than what is clinically allowed or a patient may be given too many pills of drugs despite being clinically indicated. In addition, sometimes the drugs given to patients may not be evidence based but their use is only based on the speculations. Polypharmacy has been described to have a lot adverse effect on patients despite the patients being on medication. Instead of improving the quality of life, polypharmacy may sometimes prove to be adverse on patients. Common consequences of polypharmacy include negative ...

My Ultimate Goal: Career as a Pharmacist

My interest in and journey towards pharmacy started during younger years and was greatly influenced from personal support and professional experiences. With family support, academic milestones, employment opportunities, and volunteer adventures, each was a step towards personal and professional growth that has led me to pursue a pharmacy degree.

More and more people are diagnosed with cancer, a disease that the medical profession has yet to find a cure. The pharmaceutical industry is rapidly growing, so there’s hope to eventually discover a medical cure for cancer. The industry is influenced by stringent government regulations, legislative oversight, consumer organizations, patients’ associations, medical scientific ...

Background and Historical Development Of Cancer

Cancer is normally defined as an automated, abnormal growth of human body cells that result into neoformations. (ASC, 2012, p. 1) History of oncology traces its roots back to ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. Methods to treat tumors were partially described in an old manuscripts and treatises. Now these methods seem primitive, but aspiration to treat this disease deserves admiration. Doctors of antiquity applied the methods of cauterization, cutting-off tumors, amputation of extremities, also infusions and herbal broths.

Referring to DeVita and Chu (2008) history of oncology got the certain development after the microscope invention and experiments on animals. ...

Slide 2

Smoking is an addiction, such as an addiction to drugs or to alcohol. It is dependence, which causes great harm to health. To overcome it one any method can be used. Banning smoking in public places is one of the most decisive and impactful way to reduce the number of smokers and lessen of harm caused by second-hand smoking. The main objectives of the ban on smoking in public places are protection of the health of non-smokers and fire safety. Other reasons include preserving the purity of the premises, as well as higher labour capacity of non-smoking employees.

Slide 3

...

Introduction

Breast cancer is a genetic disorder so common that it has claimed the lives of many women all over the world with statistics showing that it’s concentrated on the age of 45 - 55 years. Breast cancer, along with the other category of this disease is the product of the occurrence of a metastasized tumor. Neoplasm forms when genes are expressed abnormally such that the natural outcome of somatic cells is associated. Mutation, deletion and amplification of genes that control cellular growth and differentiation also cause the formation of a neoplasm. Thus, it is very critical to understand the genetic components ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Chronic alcoholism may be linked to certain types of cancers

Simply drink with moderation and care.

Alcoholism is very common for adults who consumer more than the intended amount of alcohol. Alcoholism may be acute or chronic. Acute alcoholism occurs when there is a sudden consumption of bolus amounts of alcohol in the system. In contrast, chronic alcoholism occurs when repeated abuse of alcohol is introduced in the body. Alcoholism is not limited to adults. Teenagers (mostly high school students) consume alcohol at about the same amount as with the adults. Most Americans and other Caucasians believe that ...

Cervical cancer presentation to educate the population

It is important to understand firstly that this disease topic of the presentation is the second most common cause of cancer death among the women globally. As a result of this, it is of great importance to consider the development of new diagnostic methods, prognosis and newer treatment strategies that could help in achieving a decline in the incidence and prevalence of the condition. Despite the fact that there are surgical methods and chemoradiotherapy methods that can be aided to cure up to 80%-95% of women affected by the condition especially in the early stages, there are reports of increasing ...

Cancers of the reproductive system are life threatening and induce much suffering in patients. Women who receive screening services can reduce their chances of developing these cancers. Women who undergo screening can also benefit from early diagnosis and treatment that result in a better prognosis. However, not all cancer prevention programs targeting women are successful of which the Every Woman Matters Program is an example. Of those that are successful, there are common elements contributing to the increased service utilization of women targeted by these screening services.

The Every Woman Matters Program

The Every Woman Matters program is funded by the federal government but managed ...

Introduction

Information or data regarding any subject plays an effective role in daily routine. Similarly, for the purpose of treatment and medication in the parameters of healthcare, there is certain clinical information use to be collected in order to encourage the treatment known as Secondary Healthcare Data (Health & Social Care Information Centre). According to Price Waterhouse Coopers, by the appropriate use of data in terms of secondary purposes, would be the most effective method regarding improving healthcare costs and outcomes (Coopers). The efficiency of secondary data can be observed in different dimensions such as in keeping ...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma refers to the cancer that affects the thyroid gland starting from the cells that produce a hormone known as calcitonin (Tuttle). The location of the gland is inside the front part of the neck and the cells producing the hormone are referred to as C cells. The pattern of growth of the medullary carcinoma is a bit slow but progressive and usually invades structures that are adjacent. The spreading of the tumor is hematogenous with metastases occurring typically to bone, lymph nodes, as well as the lung. There is variability on the clinical progression of medullary thyroid carcinoma ( ...

The environment includes all non-living and living things that occur on earth naturally. Such things include weather, climate, and natural resources that influence economic activities and human survival. The environment is affected negatively by several issues that include pollution, diseases, earthquakes and floods. Now and then organizations preach on environmental conservation but very few pay attention. Many people do not consider themselves environmentalists.

There are several environmental effects that have occurred in different areas over the years. For example, Ebola in West Africa, that is an epidemic that has killed many people. The United States of America experienced ...

Introduction

Prostate cancer was identified in 1853three hundred years after the discovery of the prostate gland by Andreas Vesalius in 1538. Prostate cancer was considered as a rare malady, as a result, of the poor detection methods in the 19th century. The treatment of the rare malady was the removal of the testes in the 1890s, in the dawn of the 20th century doctors shifted from the removal of testicles to the removal of the prostate gland. Charles Huggins discovered chemical castration, a procedure that involved the use of estrogen to reduce the influence of testosterone in men who were suffering from prostate ...

Bibb, R., D. Eggbeer, and P. Evans. "Rapid Prototyping Technologies in Soft Tissue Facial Prosthetics: Current State of the Art." Rapid Prototyping Journal 16.2 (2010): 130-7.

The objective of this study is to determine the implications of prosthetics to the quality, economic status, technological and clinical aspects of digitizing maxillofacial prosthetics. This study also focuses on the rapid prototyping of prosthetics. Using multiple case studies on the capacity of digital technologies to prepare, design and produce maxillofacial prostheses, findings show that rapid prototyping illustrated the potential clinical uses of prostheses that cater to the needs of maxillofacial ...

ABSTRACT

This article aims at illustrating the two types and effects of the cancer treatment techniques. Several methods are discussed and analyzed by defining them and showing their impacts on the patient. The article goes further to compare and contrasts the various methods that have been put in practice to treat cancer in an effort to determine the best. Radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy with chemotherapy, 3D CRT and IMRT are some of the discussed techniques in the article. Data was collected among the cancer sick patients who underwent different treatments. The patients were put under different conditions in regard to treatment ...

Mental illness; SAMHSA and the ad council launch national campaign to raise awareness about mental health problems in Hispanic/Latino communities. (2010). Marketing Weekly News, 395.

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, SAMHSA announced the launch of the campaign that was aimed ate enlightening the public on the issues pertaining to mental health. In collaboration with the Advertising Council, SAMHSA aimed at using the campaign to promote the process of recovery from mental health and its related ailments. The campaign target was the Latino/Hispanic community, especially the adults. The culturally targeted activity sought to motivate a number of ...

The human population has had lengthy struggles trying to understand cancer. It has baffled many as it represents itself in numerous forms, and its features are exceedingly varied. Cancer requires specialist aggressive prognoses, innovative approach to its management, and early and fast response to it treatment. All these have dire economic implications to patients and their families. It is possible that a single type of cancer may behave entirely different in two patients presenting the likelihood of two types of diseases (Mukheerjee, 2010, p.1). There is no uniform theory regarding cancer that gives the common characteristics of various types of ...

Breast cancer is inevitable and it is the most common cancer next to skin cancer. According to statistics, 1 out of 8 women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. The American Cancer Society estimates that there will have an approximate 240,000 new cases of diagnosis related to breast cancer in the United States .

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

No study have proven the direct cause of having a breast cancer, however, there are numerous risk factor identified related to the disease. Among the risk factors of breast cancer include age, gender and heredity. As women age, the risk of having breast cancer increases. ...

Founded in 1997 by the seven time Tour De France winner, Lance Armstrong, the Livestrong Foundation is a non-profit organization based in the United States that is dedicated to providing support for cancer victims. The organization was formerly known as the Lance Armstrong Foundation; however, the name was changed in 2012 as the Livestrong Foundation was launched. Lance Armstrong launched the cancer support foundation after he, himself, survived a tough battle with the deadly disease.

The Livestrong Foundation is dedicated to providing support and empower cancer survivors and their relatives. The Foundation lays a huge amount of emphasis on helping empower and ...

1.A. Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics in structure. The remodeling process takes place in the bacterial cell walls due to the presence of a layer called peptidoglycan layer, which includes the breakdown of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and cross-linking peptide chains . Cross-linking peptide chains provide rigidity to the fluid cell wall. Transpeptidase, an enzyme used in the breaking of peptide chains also reforms the peptide bonds after the restructuring of the cell wall. The penicillin inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase, which prevents the peptide bonds from reforming. Thus, penicillin makes the cell walls weaker, which results ...

- The Warburg effect was an observation found in cancer cells by a German biochemist Otto Heinrich Warburg. He was able to observe that in cancer cells, there is a high rate of glycolysis under aerobic conditions, a trait which is technically inefficient for energy production in multicellular organisms. Hence due to his discovery, it subsequently also became known as the “Warburg Effect” over the years.

- Apparently Warburg was wrong. It was said in the paper that not all cancer cells have their mitochondria improperly functioning.

- In a proliferating cell, more than just requiring energy (ATP) for cell function, it ...

Kohonen Network

While not the first of its kind, the Self-Organizing Map is a form of artificial neural network that became useful because of its use in visualizing and analyzing high-dimensional data on a low-dimensional scale. It gained its common name, the Kohonen Network, after a Finnish professor by the name of Teuvo Kohonen introduced it to the world .

What made it different from early neural network models is the fact that in these early neural network models, the self-organizing power was weak; thus this made the Kohonen Network crucial is that is composed no less than two interacting subsystems which are different in ...

Warnakulasuriya, S., Dietrich, T., Bornstein, M., Peidró. C, Preshow, P., Walter, C., Wennström, J., Bergström, J, (2010). Oral health risks of tobacco use and effects of cessation: International Dental Journal 60, 7-30

In this journal, the authors presents findings from 12 epidemiological studies done in different countries such as the USA, Uruguay, Italy, Sweden, India, China, Taiwan and Korea on the effects of smoking on oral health. The respondents in this study were the ones exposed to cigar, cigarette, bidi and pipe smoking. The cancer risk estimate was 3.43 times higher in those who engage in smoking ...

Ethics in business are vital as they limit the extent upon which administers and managers may go so as to earn more profits. It is paramount that any organization maintains an ethical code that all employees and stakeholders will follow and maintain.

The ethical dilemma in this scenario is whether to sell or not to sell. The salesman of the company has been offered a deal that will see him earn a commission of over $100,000. He will also earn the company huge sales. He can justify himself and argue that the sale of the drug is legalized by the ...

- Diabetes

- Comments of diabetes all through the world are the need of the hour. Diabetes is a general, disabling and lethal disease wherein the body has a scarcity of the hormone insulin which permits glucose to come into cells and be transformed to energy. If Diabetes cannot be controlled, glucose and fats stay in the blood and damage the essential organs in due course of time – causing a great hazard to life.

- It is alarming that in 2010 about 1.9 million new cases of diabetes were diagnosed in people aged 20 years or older.

- Equally alarming is ...

1. What is Normal hematocrit ranges?

The normal hematocrit ranges are dependent on two things which are the age and sex of the individual. However, it is only dependent on sex after adolescence. The normal hematocrit ranges are: 55%- 68% for Newborn babies, 47% - 65% for one week old babies, 37% - 49% for one month old babies, 30% - 36% for three month olds, 29% -41% for one year olds, 36% - 40% for 10 year olds, 42% - 54% for adult males, and 38% - 40% for adult women.

2. What is Occult blood?

An occult blood is defined as a negligible amount of blood present ...

There are many life-threatening diseases in the world today than it had ever been before, but among the deadliest and fatal is cancer. Many people have died of these illnesses but the few who survive have a story to tell. Below is a moving story of a man who recovered from Testicular cancer.

- What was your experience when you were informed of the diagnosis?

I was in complete shock. I mean, there I was young, healthy and doing my activities normally then suddenly, I have cancer? I was worried about losing my life, my family. I did not know how to tell the family. I just could not think straight. I thought the ...

1) Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes are two types of genes that ordinarily keep the cell cycle functioning as it should. Explain the roles of these two types of genes, and explain what can occur when these types of gene are not working properly. Provide at least two different examples of cancers associated with mutations of these types of genes.

The purpose of the proto-oncogenes under normal circumstances is to make sure that cells proliferate, in other words the oncogenes stimulate cell production. But when a normal, healthy ocogene cell becomes mutated or expresses at higher than normal levels it causes cancer. The first oncogenic virus was discovered in 1916 and called the Rous virus after the person who discovered it, Peyton Rous. Rous viruses represent a family of viruses called the retro viruses. Retro viruses contain a genetic material called ribonucleic acid (RNA).

There is always the possibility that RNA will be transcribed into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by an enzyme of ...

For a female undergoing treatment for breast cancer, maintaining a healthy breast cancer diet is paramount. This is because during this time, the body works hard in fighting the illness as well as repairing healthy cells that could be have been damaged by radiation treatments and chemotherapy. As such, good nutrition keeps a woman strong, helps the body in rebuilding tissue and helps the body in dealing with the treatment’s side effects. It is important that a woman with breast cancer eat a variety of foods.

These include fruits, breads and grains, vegetables and dairy products. High-protein foods such as fish, chicken or beans ...

Based on research findings, the leading disease and apparently the cause of deaths in United States health care system has been established to be heart disease (cardiovascular disease), heart disease is responsible for about 28.5 % of all the deaths in the United States (Meyer, 2013). These results concur with the prevalence of heart disease in New York. Apart from cardiovascular disease, another prevalent and apparently the second cause of deaths in New York State is cancer (Barker, 2013). This disease has several risk factors associated with it that includes an individual’s lifestyle, genetic makeup, and the environmental ...

When determining the size of sample, researchers should know the number of animals or people needed since having inadequate sample size influence the overall results of the study (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Statistical power (p) level, error, and treatment variability are parameters which help researchers in choosing the appropriate sample size for a research (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Statistical power reveals how strongly participants will be influenced by treatment provided to them. The level of (P) assists researchers to determine probability of any variations within the subjects during the research (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Lastly, researchers determine the appropriate sample size ...

Quote ‘one man’s trash is another man’s treasure’ aptly suits Canada’s asbestos exports and its support for asbestos industry in developing countries. Canada is a country of ten provinces and three territories out of which only Quebec has asbestos mines. Quebec was the world’s first province to start a commercial mine in 1879 whose mines are still operational today. 97% of their production is exported to developing countries. Canadian citizens want asbestos banned due to its cancer causing factors but the government is dragging its feet on the policy. Within the country if closing these mines ...

Proposal Abstract -

Prostate cancer, which is derived from the terms benign prostatic hyperplasia can be defined in a theoretical underpinning as a Health Belief Mode which elaborates its inhibitors and results. Prostate cancer has six main risk factors: Age, family history, ethnicity and race, diet, hormonal factors and environmental factors. It is a disease of the male gender. This event is basically a project seeking to identify its demographics in the South West population both in rural and urban regions. The objective of this awareness is to educate men over the ages of 50 or those with blood relatives on the importance of regular checks ...

Introduction

Hospitals are homes to different patients who require different attention. This means that there must be people who are qualified for different roles in the medical field. In this connection, hospitals are not required as a block where all patients are handled in the same room. Instead, departments should be formed where each of them operates in support of the other to ensure patients are handled and treated accordingly. This has resulted to existence of various experts for specific duties in the hospital. Among the most common departments in hospitals are Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, ...

“Maleeha, take care of your parents. Take care of others around you because there is no reward greater than helping those in need.” My uncle and I were having our last conversation. I was twelve and he was dying of pancreatic cancer. Looking back, I didn’t truly understand the situation, but I did know that it was bad. Hadn’t I just seen my father, the rock of our family, break down and cry?

Although I shortly lost my beloved uncle, something good did come out of that last conversation. To this day, I can still hear ...

Akash, K., Jay, S., & Nelson, P. (2011). Mutations Genome Interrupted: Sequencing of Prostate Cancer Reveals the Importance of Chromosomal Rearrangements. Genome Med , 3-23.

Prostate cancer is a huge public health menace but despite it being the most popular diagnosed cancer, very little is known about its cause due to the heterogeneity in the cells of the prostrate and also lack of an organized on the genes expressing in this tissue. In this article, Akash, Jay and peter try to show sequencing of prostate cancer reveals the importance of chromosomal rearrangements thus paving a way into a discovery of a remedy of the ...

1. Personal perspective of the future of epidemiological research

Epidemiology is a wide and diverse field that requires a researcher to narrow down to one of the several paths. My perspective of the future epidemiological research has to do with medical research. There are several emerging infectious and noninfectious disease that continue to threaten the very existence of the human race. Of particular interest, the so called lifestyle disease such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, diabetes, obesity and many others, have an immense impact on the quality of human life due to the fact that many reports indicate that the prevalence of these diseases (once thought to be diseases of old ...

Diagnostic Tools

Mammography is a diagnostic test used for examining breasts with low-energy X-rays to detect breast cancer early. The mammogram uses ionizing radiation and creates images, which are then analyzed by radiologists to detect abnormal tissue growth. If a woman tests positive for breast cancer, the image will display microcalcifications or characteristic masses. However, the effectiveness of mammography is often disputed through clinical trials.

According to Gøtzsche and Nielsen (2009), the application of mammography reduces breast cancer mortality by 15 percent, but it also results in 30 percent increases in overdiagnosis and overtreatment. The sensitivity of mammographic readings has not been ...

Moon and Bates (1993) developed an approach of measuring the competitor performance. They came up with four main stages of analysis commonly referred to as the CORE analysis. CORE is an acronym name which refers to context, overview, ratios and evaluation. The strategic management accounting plays a very significant role in providing financial information about the main sources of gaining competitive advantage of a company. It involves two main aspects. The computation of the key internal financial ratios of the company is the first main issue. The second issue involves assessment of the external information that may pose a threat to the ...

Random number tables are a statistical method for developing random population samples from which to conduct studies on. The tester selects the inclusion criteria for his study and then proceeds to use a random number table to determine who or what is in the population sample. Any subject that does not find the criteria is thrown out and those that do are introduced into the sample. In a study by Chapman, et al. (2013), a random number table was used to select patients for a trial design to determine whether immunosuppression can preserve renal function in patients with membranous nephropathy. The inclusion criteria required ...

Fidler, Jennifer A., and Robert West. "Enjoyment of Smoking and Urges to Smoke as Predictors of Attempts and Success of Attempts to Stop Smoking: A Longitudinal Study." Drug & Alcohol Dependence 115.1/2 (2011): 30-34. Academic Search Premier. Web. 2 Apr. 2013.

This article provides a background concerning the reasons why people view smoking as an act of enjoyment and stress reliever. The authors examines the reasons why people continue smoking despite the increased dangers associated with smoking. In their study, the authors conducted a survey to measure the levels of enjoyment and factors that urge smokers to continue their smoking habits. In the end, smoke cessation methods are introduced to enable smoke addicts to quit the vice.

This article is important in this study because it outlines both the perceived advantages and the actual dangers of smoking. Findings from this article will ...

The degree of Mercury damage will vary on the amount of substance that is ingested and the type of chemicals that is associated with mercury. Given the situation, a proper awareness is required in-order to reduce the risk from having cancer. But also doing this plan, it requires a lengthy and concrete concept. In a way, that is effective and motivational to everyone who is affected. The most applicable technique is the trans theoretical method, which gives systematic guidelines to overcome the distress and to pull your senses back. This method involves theories from various assessments and eventually the concepts from what ...

A photocopier machine helps oncologists and radiologists produce vital documents needed for treating patients. The photocopier machine will play a pivotal role in the cancer unit, but as the unit manager, I will decline this offer. At this point, I wish to state that I do not oppose the idea raised by the oncologist of offering his photocopier because he did it out of good faith. I believe that the oncologist wanted to extend his helping hand in resolving organization challenges and enhance efficiency in service delivery.

However, I will decline the offer because I feel that the terms and ...

Question 1

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control hypothesized that the salt intake of children is increasing their risk of developing hypertension, similar to that seen in adults (Park, 2012). The study included over six thousand children between the ages of eight and eighteen, a good sample size for statistical analysis. One potential drawback in the design of the study is that it only involved a detailed interview of the children and not an actual measurement of their daily salt intake. However, the results were clear. Children appear to be eating as much salt as an adult every day and the higher ...

A black lesbian woman who was diagnosed with cancer in her breast wrote this article. She had to have an operation to remove the cancerous tumors in her breast. Weeks of great fear and worry of what would become of her became her source of strength to speak out. For years, she was silent about her sexuality and convictions in life. Her greatest fears were rejection, judgment and the challenges that accompany the truth. She thought that once she spoke up people would judge her based on her color, gender, and sexuality. However, the few weeks of agony and ...

High Costs of Cancer Medications

In this paper, the plan of action to be followed in addressing the problem of high costs of cancer medications will be outlined and its components described. The following aspects will also be addressed in the paper, my personal role in the plan of action, anticipated barriers and contingency measures for addressing these barriers, and the role of technology in budgeting and nursing management contingent to the plan.

Plan of Action

Based on the findings of the literature review and interviews of two senior hospital administrators, the following measures for addressing the problem of ever-escalating costs of cancer care will be instituted:

Clinical Care Pathways

...

This article explains that bottle water can cause cancer. According to this article leaving bottle water in hot vehicles causes the bottles to release carcinogenic substances. The author of this article is highly critical of this causation. He argues that this argument is based on a research paper presented by a student from the University of the Idaho. Ed Zimney, the author of this article, explains that the results used in this research were unsubstantiated. He adds that this research is based on assumption that has been extrapolated by the media to cause a stir within the public about the issue (Zimney, ...

How long has the organization tried to address this issue?

I have been the CFO of the organization for the past 10 years and the ever-escalating costs of cancer medications and health care in general has always been a problem for the hospital and patients. This has been worsened by increased cost-cutting by insurers like Medicare. Some of the cancer drugs cost on average $ 60, 000 which is simply beyond the reach of many patients. New drugs are even more expensive. Although insurers cover part of the costs of the drugs for most patients, patients still bear a significant proportion of these costs. Some of our patients have become bankrupt due ...

Opportunistic pathogen

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause a disease or has the ability to cause a disease. An opportunistic pathogen is not different from any other kind of pathogen. The only difference is that, an opportunistic pathogen can cause a disease in a person who has a lower immunity or an impaired immune system, but not in someone who is healthy. In other words, an opportunistic pathogen, which can otherwise not harm a person, finds an opportunity to establish himself in the affected person’s body and cause some kind of disease (Pirofski, 2012).

An example of an opportunistic pathogen is the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which ...

Article 1: American Society of Clinical Oncology Guidance Statement: The Cost of Cancer Care

Although the great advances made in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer have significantly mitigated cancer-related mortality in the US, they have been paralleled by significant increases in the costs of cancer care. The cost of overall health care as well as cancer care in the US is growing faster than the national GDP. The spiraling of cancer care costs is in part due to high prices and rapid assimilation of novel drugs and technologies. Conventional knowledge suggests that the high prices reflect the risks and costs linked to the development, production, and sale of these new drugs ...

One of the major quality improvement goals is to improve the nation’s ability to prepare for, prevent, respond to and even recover from a major health incident. This goal is currently based on a set of national priorities set out by the National Health Security of the United States of America (NHSS). The NHSS targets at building community resilience as well as strengthen and sustain emergency health systems (healthypeople.gov). The NHSS has identified several objectives to improve preparedness in the offering of health services. These are development and maintenance of a workforce that can respond to national health security (Barr, 23). ...

“Air toxics” is defined as “air pollution,” where pollution is an “undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities.” In addition, the EPA (2012, July 16) says pollutants include compounds that are known or suspected to cause serious health effects, which may include, but are not limited to, cancer, reproductive effects, or birth defects, and/or to cause harmful environmental effects. The pollutants may come from natural sources (such as radon gas rising from the ground) or from man-made sources (such as chemical compounds emitted by factory smokestacks ...

The current united state healthcare is not very good. There are many problems that the citizens of the United States face as a result of the poor condition of the healthcare. In the first place, a high percentage of the people in the United States have no insurance cover such that they cannot receive treatment sometimes due to the fact that they cannot afford. The other problem is that the healthcare is very expensive and therefore many people end up not accessing the Medicare care they deserve. In addition, these high costs make it difficult for the citizens to have regular ...

Smoking is an addictive habit that leads to many health problems to the addict and the people around him or her. Currently, the number of people who smoke in the world is very, World Health Organization estimates the figure to be around half a billion. People start smoking due to various reasons; some are introduced to smoking habits by prevailing circumstances, others are introduced to it at their tender ages when they see and emulate the elderly people around them smoking. However, the most common reason why people start smoking is peer influence and bad company. This is where someone ...

Health records are the records about patient information; the age, gender, disease, and other historical information about the patient’s health. These records are important when it comes to managing health care programs. There are several groups of people and professionals who need these records for efficient and proper health care. These people include; patients, physicians, students in allied health programs to the health care institution and medical coding specialists. These people use health records for different reasons.

Patients are the people whom the records are about. These records are important to patients in various ways. First, the records ...

It is very important for you to know that aging is the single most important risk factor that has been found to be associated with cancer. Colon cancer is one of the most common of all those cancer found to be associated with old age. The issue with the old age is that majority of the affected individual tend to develop chronic illness.

Causes and risk factors

Aging: is the most important cause Alcohol: this has been found to increase the risk Diabetes: Insulin dependent types have been considered to be an important risk factor. Research shows that up to 40 ...