Essays on Behavior

Personality Assessment and Theories

In order to assess and test personality psychologists use four general methods: direct observation, personal interview, projective and objective tests. These methods are commonly associated with the major theories of personality in the following way: in the psychodynamic theory projective tests and personal interviews are used, as in here it is important to understand the unconscious thoughts, motives and feelings of a person, as well as the problems that are repressed since childhood. In the trait theory objective tests are used for personality assessment, as they allow to reveal and observe relatively permanent dispositions of individuals, which condition their Continue reading...

The ‘Bitches, Bimbos and Ballbreakers’ is a 2003 book written by the guerilla girls. The theme of this book is gender sensitivity; it focuses on women stereotypes right from historical times to the modern world. The book displays stereotypical behavior as a negative vice that affects women (Rafkin 2). This paper seeks to summarize the book and provide the reader with brief but detailed information on the themes displayed and to identify the contribution that reading this book would make in human culture.

The authors of this book attempt to expose and dissemble the huge panoply of names used Continue reading...

My Personal Theory of How Personality Is Developed

It is a common fact that personality is considered to be possessed by all people in this or that way. How people tend to think, behave and feel and what causes individuals to have these tendencies are the questions addressed by personality study and research.
If developmental psychology and social psychology have merged as a subject matter in psychology, personality has never really found that unity. There has never been a fundamentally acceptable and precise definition as to what personality truly is.
These aspects have Continue reading...

For any business organization or a company to enjoy success in its operations and hence be in a position to completely achieve its goals, it is important for it have a strong structure. The structure of a company can comprise a number of things for instance, the management part of it, production/manufacturing, marketing as well as customer care. In almost each and every aspect named above, it is possible to note that each case needs a stepped up network which gives room for efficiency in communication(Lewis, 2008). In a nut shell, when the area of communication has Continue reading...

Leadership styles

In any organization, the objectives and mandates vary from one to the other depending on the managerial skills that have been deployed. Big companies when hiring the service of an individual they thoroughly check his/her capabilities and their ambitions so as to get the best from the market who is able to propel the company to achieve its’ goals and objectives. The chosen person should be of excellent integrity and a professional in his/her field. Companies are usually established with the main aim of making profits at the lowest cost of operation (Newstrom & Continue reading...

With approximately 50% of adolescents sexually active by the time they are in Year 10, what skills and knowledge do they need to have to make, good decisions about their personal health? Discuss.
Introduction
“The development of a positive, healthy and responsible sexuality requires information, education and improved access to services. Increasing the available options enables young women and young men to exercise informed, self determined decisions”. (Youth Health Council – South Australia)
There has been a drastic change in our life styles, family structures and social system in the last two decades; today’s youth is much more technologically Continue reading...

Answer one

A good supervisor is the one who understands the problems of the subordinates and tries to solve them. However, one cannot interfere in the subordinate’s personal life, but can try to sort out matters at workplace. In this case, Jan’s personal matters are affecting her performance at work. Moreover, she is developing negative attitude at workplace that is also affecting work performance of fellow friends. Therefore, supervisor must take immediate corrective actions. Some actions are suggested as follow:
- Listen to the issues of Jan that she is facing belonging to her home and work. By listening Continue reading...

There is debate surrounding the issues of nature and nurture and how these two affect life as a whole. Nature involves the inherited characteristics of a creature that they get from their parents while nurture is the influences of society of the creatures that are the ones that shape up individual characteristics (Dowling 165). It is against this backdrop, that a story is told of two identical twins, Paula Bernstein and Elyse Schein; who were separated at birth and reunited when they were thirty- five years of age. Their story, Separated at Birth is given in The Guardian and Continue reading...

Different factors affecting boys’ performance during their school years have always been the subject of various studies, articles and researches. The percentage of boys who attend special education classes, have problems with discipline and drop out of school is higher versus that of girls, while the percentage of the female population getting a college degree is higher. Thus, the behavior of boys in school is of growing concern and their behavior needs to be examined and analyzed in order to determine the driving factors and come up with the possible solutions.
In order to determine the reasons for boys’ Continue reading...

Introduction

Sexual harassment is one of the social problems that are common in our society today. Sexual harassment might exist in different settings within the society ranging from our homes, schools, workplaces and even public places. Sexual harassment in the work places has been a major problem for most employers in our country today. Most organizations have come up with different ways in which to punish this behavior that threatens the peaceful coexistence of work members within an organization. It is important that any member of an organization that suffers any form of sexual harassment to report it to the Continue reading...

Introduction

Raising a morally upright child is the dream of every parent. Parents tend to experience anxiety when their children fail to depict the expected morals. However, it is vital to consider the development state of children before supposing that their immoral behavior is a negative sign of their future. There are various theories of moral development such as Kohlberg and Gilligan theories, which explain the moral development in different stages. They help in understanding the stage in which the child is in and expect parents and other adults will develop reasonable expectations in order to guide the child toward Continue reading...

Introduction

Sexual offenses are a social menace and affect the public health directly. The growing instances of sexual crimes and growing numbers of sexual offenders have emerged as a major issue. The government, policymakers, and law enforcement agencies are very apprehensive regarding this issue and want this issue to be resolved as soon as possible. A number of steps, including treatment of sexual offenders, have been taken in order to improve the situation. This paper intends to discuss several treatment programs that are designed for the sexual offenders.

Literature Review

McHugh and Rider (1981) in his article “Treatment of sex offenders with Continue reading...

Introduction

Modern business operations are characterized by a number of factors, among them radical development, creativity and innovation. This is because of intensive competition in the markets. Every businessperson or organization aims at the best plans and formulas that will keep them in pace in business as none of them is ready to lose. Businesspersons are therefore, obligated to adjust themselves and their operations to remain relevant in the market. Some of these adjustments are measures taken by operators to deal with rising externalities in the business operations. One of the major factors that affect business operations is the concept Continue reading...

Section 1: Proposal

Within the major profession of criminology, one recurring problem is the explanation of criminal behavior patterns and their relationship to crime, involving the subtopics of the sociological legal and psychiatric aspects of crime which contribute to defining and elaborating on criminal behavior.

Section 2: Body Sections

Casey, Sharon. "Elements of Psychological Maturity and Its Influence on Antisocial and
Criminal Behavior." The open criminology journal 4.Suppl 1-M1 (2011): 32-39.
This article by Casey explores the concept of psychological maturity in adolescents and how it relates to teen violence. The author explores the background information currently existing in the field of developmental psychology to Continue reading...

Tearoom trade: a study of homosexual encounters in public places book, was written by Laud Humphreys as a Ph.D. dissertation with the title "Tearoom trade." The study aimed at analyzing homosexual's behaviors practiced in public toilets. Humphreys affirmed that the men who took part in homosexuality acts emanated from various social backgrounds. The homosexuals differed in their personal motives and belonged to the categories of either being "straight," "bisexual," or "gay." The study tried to identify the common stereotypes associated with men homosexuality in public places. In the study, he realized that most homosexuals lived normal lives, they had Continue reading...

Broken Window Theory

The broken window (theory) refers to a criminological theory devised by James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling. The theory states that monitoring and maintaining urban environments in a structured and well-ordered condition can stop vandalism. The theory investigates the effects of social disorder such as anti-social behavior as it relates to community life. Additionally, it correlates vagrancy, social norms and quality of community life. It is imperative to define social norms and disorder in order to efficiently examine how the broken windows concept requires both police and neighborhood participation.

Disorder and Social Norms

According to Keizer and Lindengard (2008), social norms and Continue reading...

Introduction

Whenever there is an electric current, there is a proportionate amount of resistance, which varies depending on the nature of the material being used as a conductor. For instance, resistance can be very low in water or copper wire but very high in stones, air, or pottery. This behavior of electric current can be used to classify the unknown material into class of a good conductor or a poor conductor depending on the level of resistivity depicted. The nature of geological features of relates to the presence of minerals and moisture. The archaeological features beneath the soil vary in Continue reading...

Luke Rendell and Hall Whitehead are the authors of this article. Rendell is a Ph.D. student at the Dalhouise Univesity. His focus is in cetacean behavior and acoustic communications. Whitehead is a professor of biology at the same university and has written several papers mostly on the behavior, ecology and conservation of whales. He is also the coordinator of field studies of dolphins and whales.
I, therefore, offer a summary of the article, give my opinion and connect the article to the question “is culture unique to humans?’

Article Summary

Rendell and Whitehead describe recent research findings on the evidence of Continue reading...

The documentary focuses on the increased prescription of stimulants such as Ritalin in children. It evaluates the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers via prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications. Therefore, the Frontline documentary is extremely inspiring given the alarming number of children being medicated for psychiatric disorders. Although the program did not mention any alternative approaches to diagnose this disorder, I think the prescription of antipsychotic and antidepressant medications is the conventional solution for children suffering from behavioral problems.
A major issue in the Frontline program is that many children who were diagnosed with ADHD before Continue reading...

A. Theoretical Article Summary of Vijayalakshmi, V.; Bhattacharyya, S. (2012). Emotional Contagion and its Relevance to Individual Behavior and Organizational Processes: A Position Paper, Journal of Business & Psychology. 2012, 27 (3): 363-374. 12p.
1. Theory and Main Concepts
a) Theory
Emotional contagion and individual emotions are thought to correlate in a positive manner. Both of these aspects affect an individual’s functioning and behavior. In the article, the author collects various theories and data from past literature and tries to consolidate all the views about emotional contagion.
b) Diagram of Theory
For easy understanding, the author categorizes his Continue reading...

Behavioral Psychology is one of the basic topics in psychology that looks into how people or animals behave the way they behave. Although, behavioral psychology is one of the foundations of psychology, teachers have observed that students find the topic a little difficult to understand. The topic tries to find an explanation why people or animals have their corresponding mental and physical reactions in response to certain stimuli. In behavioral psychology, the idea is that the behavior of people and animals can be both conditioned and results of either rewards or punishments applied to them. Further, it is also Continue reading...

Like the old saying goes, “Cleanliness is next to godliness,” but at what point does cleaning and being tidy cross the line into mental illness? Likewise, while a large percentage of the population may admit to being a little superstitious and many hotels don’t include a 13th floor, at what point does certain superstitious beliefs and behaviors turn into compulsions or behaviors that must be carried out or else the individual is unable to proceed throughout his or her day? To an outsider, it may appear like a nonsense disease with behaviors that should be easy to curtail Continue reading...

Conditioning in Psychology refers to the processes by which repeated stimulus produce predictable and frequent response. There are two types of conditioning namely classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning was discovered by Ivan Pavlov during his digestive system research (Kalat, 2011). Pavlov noticed that the dogs salivated whenever they sighted attendants dressed in lab coats. He attributed this behavior to the repeated exposure of both food and lab coats to the dogs. Pavlov investigated the behavior by ringing a bell whenever he was presenting food to dog. After repeated occurrences, he observed that the dogs could salivate when the Continue reading...

Eric Zwingel

Valley City State University
Video games have become a large part of many peoples’ lives with ages ranging from toddlers to middle aged adults. Teachers are seeing this integration of gaming into the classroom with such things as Smartboards and Ipads to utilize the tech skills that students are developing. Unfortunately most teachers relate gaming to negative effects which are major concerns amongst most school faculties. As a future teacher, I want to know how gaming is affecting the students in a positive, negative, and social aspect. My experiences with gaming have been positive but how I view the Continue reading...

Self-concept is the perception of oneself through an in-built mirror showing how one thinks of himself or herself. Self-concept arises from self-evaluation. It is the awareness that arises as concerns to what concepts best describe oneself. Self-concept comprises of the distinction one makes from others concerning oneself and how one views the world around him or her. The process of defining oneself starts from an early age and continues to develop depending on the environment and the persons who influence the child’s growth. It involves recognition of certain properties that are inherently constant and others that can be Continue reading...

The theme of this chapter is that such a price strategy should be adopted that attract a large number of customers and should be according to the need and requirement of the market.
- In this chapter, Kotler and Lee has explained that, before setting the price, the objective should be determined that whether it is set in order to maximize the sales, usage level and the participation or it is set in order to establish quality leadership position by adopting market skimming strategy.
- Further, before setting a price, the market competition should be analyzed.
- Moreover, authors Continue reading...

Uniformly distributed load (UDL) was analyzed for simply supported beam by developing three scenarios in order to ascertain uniformity in this report. It comprised of three chapters in which UDL was converted into one point, two points and three point loads that were applied on the beam having 5 m length under varying condition. In chapter-1, one point load was applied on the beam having value of 0.5 KN/m. The maximum bending moment of UDL and under one point load was found to be 0.47 and 0.38 KN-m respectively. Secondly in chapter 2, UDL was converted into two point Continue reading...

In Willa Cather’s short story “Paul’s Case,” the titular character has no shortage of problems – his middle-class malaise, his dissatisfaction with life as it is, and the frustration of the ideals of art not matching the mundane nature of his existence. However, one implicit, unspoken frustration he has is Paul’s sexuality, which is either latent or difficult to openly express in his life: “Central to the full experience of the story is recognition of the fact of Paul’s homosexuality, a ‘fact’ that is nowhere stated openly” (Summers 108). Combined with the aforementioned issues, it is Continue reading...

Introduction

Everyday questions about people, how they think and behave take center stage. Understanding behavior and mannerisms are the purposes of psychology. Understanding behavior facilitates the comprehension of self. Further analysis purports the idea of not only predicting behavior, but also manipulating it. The ability to manage and manipulate behavior is a powerful tool and as with any power misuse can occur. If wielded properly, it can help advance human civilization by managing characteristics that are self-destructive and cultivating ones that are beneficial.

Description and Contrast

The manner in which people behave is dependent of the learning processes they undergo. One acquires knowledge, Continue reading...

Of all the varieties of conceptual models of the information society, for the purposes of this study, it is important to include at least two aspects: first, characterizing the functioning of culture at the named stage of social development and, secondly, a new type of relations in the system of "individual - society". The first of them is determined by the mosaic of culture, the increasing role of virtualization, media saturation, changing patterns of behavior, loss of a clear hierarchy of values that actually leads to the disappearance of the notion of norm. Second - characterizes crisis of paternalistic Continue reading...

Introduction

A child’s overall wellbeing depends on his/her environment and how his/her needs are catered for. The home plays a crucial part in the growth and development of the child. According to UNICEF (2013), a child requires a secure and safe home; n environment free of violence. His/her parents should be able to provide the necessary love and protection; the creation of a sense of routine and stability in the home impacts how a child deals with experiences at school and other places outside the home. However, this does not occur in many homes; several homes worldwide fail in Continue reading...

Learning is one of the areas of human psychology that remains, to this day, hotly contested by researchers. Some claim that learning is one type of process, while others claim that learning takes place through a different process. Two of the leading theories regarding learning are the theories of operant and classical conditioning. Both have been studied extensively throughout the years, and each has supporters and detractors. Choosing a method for learning and teaching behavior is different from learning complex ideas and engagement in a classroom, but principles of operant and classical conditioning can still be used in these Continue reading...

There is a time when advertisers need more than descriptive research to understand consumers current behaviors and attitudes. They sometimes require an understanding of cause and effect, which is obtained through experimental research in which an advertiser alters something in the consumer’s environment, or product in order to see what would happen. The goal of an experiment is usually to determine the effect of changes in one area on one or more other areas. An experiment is used to vary the amount of advertising placed in particular markets to determine how advertising weight affects target audience, advertising awareness Continue reading...

In psychology, there is a learning theory that states that as we learn, we adjust the manner in which we perceive our environment and the manner in which we interpret the incoming stimuli. Consequently, all this alters the way we interact, or behave. It is from this theory that one learns about behaviorism. The latter is the study or our behaviors after exposure to given stimuli within the environment. This helps us in understanding the effects given stimuli have on us.
In the learning theory, we have classical and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning, one learns to associate one Continue reading...

Definition

Panic disorder refers to a disorder whereby an individual experiences sudden and spontaneous attacks of anxiety and fear. The panic attacks lead to agoraphobia, which is the feeling of anxiety that one gets for the fear of being in situations where one cannot get help in case of a panic attack. These situations include, but not limited to, being in crowds, being left alone or being near bridges.

Clark’s theory of catastrophic interpretations

According to Clark’s theory, panic attacks are caused by faulty and maladaptive interpretations of the sensations within the body. For example, sensations that are normal to healthy individuals can be Continue reading...

Introduction

The accessible statistics affirm the apparent detrimental effects of the alcoholism and drug abuse in the workplace. This behavioral issue presents a serious problem in the workplace. Besides affecting the health, well-being, and safety of the individual employee, the behavior also affects the productivity, safety and the welfare of the entire workplace. The purpose of this issue paper includes exploring the concern of alcoholism and drug, which is a behavioral issue of a great challenge in the workplace. Initially, the paper provides a description of the issue while highlighting the prevalence of the habit. Furthermore, the causal factors for Continue reading...

Introduction

Parenting is an aspect of supporting a person to develop socially, emotionally, education wise and physically from a child to an adult. Parenting usually exists in an individual biologically related to the infant in question, but in some instances, biological relationship is not a big deal in child bearing. Raising a child to be a responsible adult in the society involves the whole society as other family members, neighbors and the governments besides the biological parents take part. Parental skills are vital because they shape the behavioral appearance of the child in the society, and parental skills could be Continue reading...

Homosexuals are sexually attracted to other people of the same sex. It may be either a man-to-man attraction or woman-to-woman attraction. For the later, such persons are referred to as lesbians and gays for the former. Most people in this environment are secretly hiding this secret. Research shows that most homosexuals come from esteemed and rich backgrounds. Others claim that such individuals are non-violent and hence rarely involved in criminal activities. They live normal lies and have normal careers as doctors, advocates and even law enforcers. The constitution in some areas has been amended to allow gay couples to Continue reading...

The Role of Stereotypes, as Portrayed in the Mass Media and the Impact on Youth Behavior

The society plays a significant role in shaping and building attitudes and behaviors of individuals who form part of it. Individuals are bombarded with information and ideas from all corners of the universe that influence their way of thinking, and also play a domineering role in shaping attitudes, and beliefs. In the past, these influences came from sources such as family, community, and schools. On the contrary, today, the aforementioned institutional influence has declined as the society transforms into a more advanced technological and information age. The development of mass media in the society has caused an imperative change Continue reading...

A teacher’s work involves many activities such as ethics. Teachers apply the code of ethics to display discipline (Kompf, 2013). A teacher’s job is an ethics-demanding job as they train the young people. The teaching profession reflects on ethics since the teacher should show an ethical example to the students. Teachers should be ethically aware of their place in the inclusion of the education trainings.
As a teacher who has taught for eight months, I have gained a lot during this period that concerns .ethics and leadership. In the course of my training, I have realized that Continue reading...