Essays on Infants

Introduction

Maslow calls resilience “ordinary magic.” But in reality, there is nothing magic at all about resilience. Resilience is not even a natural human intact or behavior, it is one that is learned over time and influenced by one’s environment. People are not born naturally resilient. The behavior is an adaptation necessary from their surroundings as they grow and change. Simply, Resilience is a learned behavior.

Infants are not naturally resilient

Starting at the beginning of our life, in infancy, individuals are not naturally resilient. Take for example infants. Infants have a wonderful ability to adapt to their environment, to change and move according ...

Public Health

Public Health Today, many diseases, which emerge can be transmitted to a large number of population in different parts of the world. Everyone is vulnerable, even though technology and other health care informatics are evolving every day. However, there are efforts from different professionals in the medical field to address all health concerns and diseases that target the human species. In 2015, the Zika virus disease has been identified as a local transmission in Brazil and continue to spread through different areas of the United States. In the following year, travel-associated cases have been reported to increase. In addition ...

Socialization is an intricate process where people learn how to interact with their surroundings. Almost everything that people do around that is considered to be human nature is out of socialization. During the process of socialization people learn how to talk, walk, feed, and how to relate with others. Socialization is a continuous process, but it majorly takes place during childhood. This article will explain on how aspects of socialization such as family, friends, school and religion impacts on a person.

Family

The family is considered as the most important agent of socialization amongst all the agents of socialization. Infants ...

The chromosomal theory of inheritance is a theory that defines the role of the chromosomes in the execution of the process of Mendelian inheritance (Waddington, 2016). The theory makes a maximum application of the Mendelian laws of inheritance based on various observations. Some of the observations affiliate to the laws includes; the migration of the homologous pairs of chromosomes as discrete structures independent of the other pairs that exist in the same strand. In addition, the theory explains the random process of the pre-gamete occupation of each homologous pair of chromosomes (Waddington, 2016). The parent contributes half of the ...

One of the major public health problems and the societal concerns these days is the maltreatment of children which impacts millions of children all over the world. There are a variety of long and short-term health consequences of child abuse and neglect which leaves a long-lasting impact on the mental and social growth and development of the children. Child abuse does not just mean broken bones or bruises, it impacts the safety, physical, social, mental, emotional and educational needs of the children. Child abuse and neglect as defined by the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 2010, ...

Preamble

Autism Speaks (2012) argues that autism spectrum disorders are not the causes of the challenging behaviors that are witnessed in children diagnosed with the disorders. Instead, the biological processes that cause the disorders also cause the challenging behaviors. Whether there are divergent perspectives can be determined by reviewing literature on the subject. The following is an annotated bibliography with the sources that offer insight on why individuals with autism spectrum disorder engage in challenging behavior. Connie, A. (2011). New research on children with ASD and aggression. Retrieved from http://www.iancommunity.org/cs/simons_simplex_community/aggression_and_asd The researcher argues that the response of the parent to ...

Controversy Regarding Childhood Immunization

It is observed in the study of Edelman, Mandle, & Kudzma (2014) that there are many controversies associated with childhood immunization as many parents tend to believe that the process of immunization will make their children’s immune system weaker or infected. Many parents feel that the immunization process is unaffordable due to which they do not go to medical centers for vaccination and immunization. On the other hand, many parents also fear that the immunization process can be painful for their children, so they tend to ignore this process. Another controversy that is attached with childhood immunization is that ...

What are the interventions to promote oral intake in preterm infants?"

Overview An estimated fifteen million infants are prematurely born every year. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one in every ten children born in America is affected by preterm birth. The term preterm is used to refer to babies who are born before the normal thirty-seven weeks gestation period. Preterm births are classified based on the gestation age. Babies born less that twenty-seven weeks or the gestation period are categorized as extremely preterm. Very Preterm babies are those born between twenty seven weeks and thirty-two weeks while moderate to late preterms are born between thirty-two ...

The 2013 Early Learning Challenge Flyer is a document describing the details of discretionary grant program by ‘Race to the Top – Early Learning Challenge’ (Department of Health and Human Services, 2013). The program is for states in their struggle for assuring early learning and development for children with high needs in their pre-kindergarten age. The flyer is a summary of the program itself, as well as its grantees’ plans, and investment areas. The document also enumerates the American states and territories, which have applied for the grant in three phases – from 2011 to 2013. This flyer could be helpful ...

Introduction

The study of human body movement assists in understanding different biomechanical, psychological, and physiological mechanisms of the body. Taking care of a newborn from the time of birth to the age of about twelve months requires the mother or the caregiver to understand some concepts necessary for the survival of the baby. According to Davis, Cladis & Motoyama (2011), the breathing pattern of newborns from up to the age of six months is purely diaphragmatic (abdominal), hence; the need to understand various positions that allow the infant breath effectively. Understanding diaphragmatic breathing patterns acts as one of the major clinical ...

Overview of the Case Study

The case study is about the Pacific Island families. It was conducted on several Pacific children born in Auckland, which is an island in New Zealand. The study is an analysis of the relationship between maternal acculturation and the maternal health risk indicators. The analysis on maternal acculturation was achieved through gauging an abbreviated form of general ethnicity survey. The outcome of the study revealed that infants who are strongly inclined to the pacific culture had substantially better infant as well as maternal risk factors when compared to those who are less inclined to the culture. When the findings ...

Psychology: Nature vs. Nurture Essay

Language constitutes an essential characteristic of human beings and is regarded as a primary form of communication between individuals. The role of nature and nurture in language acquisition among young children has been a continuous debate in developmental sciences, education, and social sciences like sociology and psychology. This issue is not only conflicting but also complementary. It has laid a foundation for better understanding of how biological and environmental factors interact to influence language development in children (Yusa et al. 2011). Available research shows that there is no clear pattern of the causes and effects associated with human cognition ...

Introduction

The journey by which an individual develops is both very personal and also very predictable. It is predictable by way of accomplishing certain milestones at particular times. Development is marked by these milestones and through them, an individual's development is able to be termed “normal’ or “abnormal.” However, it is personal in that each person achieves these milestones at different times in their development. The similarities between the development of each person allow for the timeline of development to be documented and analyzed.

Social Development of Infants

In infants, social development primarily occurs as the child begins to become aware of and respond ...

Diseases and disorders occur due to many reasons such as bacterial or viral infections, can genetically be inherited or they can be linked to nutritional deficiencies. One such disease linked with nutritional deprivation is termed as Rickets or Osteomalacia. It is an illness which has been around for many centuries and mainly affects children. However, the prevention of rickets has been made possible with research and discovering the factors which can help improve bodily health. Yet, the disease is a commonly recurring one in developing countries where infants and young children are exposed to a nutritional deficiency of Vitamin ...

Introduction

Zika virus also termed as ZIKV is a known to have gained worldwide attention, especially in the USA, South East Asia, and Australia. The Zika belongs to the Flaviviridae family which comes under the genus Flavivirus (Wikan & Smith. 2016). The Zika virus is spread though day time mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes family. Some of the most common mosquitoes to contain and spread Zika include A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of Zika originated in 1947 where it was first isolated from the Zika forest in Uganda. Based on evidence, the Zika virus was associated with varying viral ...

Incarceration appears to be one of the most popular forms of punishment for committing crime or other offences. The largest number of prison population is in the United States. According to a study, performed in 2013 by Lauren E. Glaze and Danielle Kaeble, statisticians by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), about two million adults were incarcerated and others less than five million were under parole or probation. Totally 6 899 000 adult individuals were under the supervision of Criminal Justice System (prisons, jails, parole, probation) in 2013. (Glaze, L., Kaeble, D., 2013) With the establishment of prisons, ...

In the assigned article, the primary focus of the study was to determine the relationship between object and belief, or the solidification of object permanence as it differs between infant to adult subjects. In short, children are incapable of understanding that objects are permanent and continue to exist even when they are not visible. The study then, asked the question, at what age do children begin to create a mechanism for object permanence, or do children have a notion of object permanence previous to 5 ½ months. In order to answer this question, a group of 24 infants ranging from ...

INTRODUCING EMERGENCY SEVERITY INDEX (ESI) FOR BETTER PATIENT OUTCOME

Introducing Emergency Severity Index (ESI) for Better Patient Outcome Introduction to ESI The core objective of various triage tools across the emergency department attributes to the systematic prioritization of the patients in accordance with the severity of their clinical conditions in the context of determining the period until which the patient might wait in the emergency department before his/her evaluation by the healthcare professionals (Gilboy et al., 2011). The nurse professional after executing a focused assessment of the patient determines the waiting time and accordingly provides a triage acuity level of the patient in the emergency department. The patient ...

INTRODUCTION

There are some experiences that many people fear more than others, like burning alive or being trapped in confined spaces. However on experience that can inspire profound fear and panic, for people of all ages, all across the world is not being able to breathe. The inability to breathe is terrifying. Not be able to get air into the lungs is a serious concern; if the body goes too long, as few as three minutes, can result in serious health problems and brain damage that may be difficult to overcome even if their lives are saved. One of the ...

In preterm infants, what is the effect of human breast milk, donated or otherwise, on overall growth compared to formula of any type within the first five years In preterm infants, what is the effect of human breast milk, donated or otherwise, on overall growth compared to formula of any type within the first five years 1. Introduction 1.2 Research problem The debate of whether infant formula or breast milk is the best for the growth of children is still an ongoing. The issue is compounded by deteriorating economic times where mothers spend minimal times with their children due ...

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Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Introduction

Malaria is caused by a mosquitoes’ bite that carries a Plasmodium parasite. Malaria’s symptoms are: shivering, fever, headache, chills, and sweating malaise. Malaria can turn out to be life threatening to infants, elderly or people with low immunity (Better Health Channel, 2015). Typically, malaria is transmitted through infected Anopheles mosquito’s bite. After the bite, Plasmodium parasite is released into the bloodstream. It takes 2 to 3 days for the parasites inside RBC (red blood cells) to multiply and causes infected cells of the individual to burst open. Malaria can also spread through an infected mother as she ...

When shopping for toys for the baby, it is important to select items that are just entertaining and age-appropriate but also dolls that will boost their imagination, cognitive development, and creativity.

0-6 months

According to Wilmot (2016) infants uses their senses to learn things that are surrounding them. In the early stages of life, babies are unable to grasp objects with their hands. However, they enjoy exploring the world with the aid of their eyes and ears. Therefore, brightly colored toys and those that make noise are the most appealing for the young infants and the newborns. Also, Wilmot (2016) contends ...

NR451 RN Capstone Course

Term and Year Skin-to-Skin Contact for Neonates The separation of mother and neonate for non-urgent medical reasons is a growing trend in nursing practice. However, research has indicated that the practice can have a deleterious long term effect on the healthy infant and mother with regard to breast feeding, cardio-respiratory stability, and blood glucose levels (Moore, Anderson, Bergman, & Dowswell, (2014). The solution to the problem is to initiate skin-to-skin contact at birth (Moore, et al., 2014). The nursing focused plan is to introduce the practice of skin-to-skin contact following birth, which entails placing the naked infant prone on the ...

(Author Name) (Course Name/Number) The Tavistock Model was originally developed at the Tavistock Clinic in London around the onset of the First World War It started as a classroom experiment for students studying infants, but soon became an accepted practice throughout the social science field as a means of observing infants, children, and adults. The model itself has deep roots in Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory and was developed as a collaboration between child psychoanalyst Esther Bick and Dr. John Bowlby. Because the concentration started as a means of observing the stages of emotional and mental development in children, ...

Patient history

JM is a 28-year old Hispanic 38 weeks pregnant, admitted into the maternity unit. This is her first pregnancy and seems calm and relaxed, except for the normal anxiety of this stage of pregnancy. Her obstetric history; G1, T1, P1, A0, L0

1st stage

Subjective: The patient verbalizes that she is afraid of the delivery process because it is her first time into the maternity ward. Patient verbalizes extreme abdominal pains. Objective: Patient exhibits, facial tension, poor eye contact and grimacing observed. Patient appears anxious, pre-occupied as well as decreased perceptual field. Vital signs (T-370 C, BP- 138/74 mmHg, RR-14 cpm, ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. Some of the problems identified included ...

Intelligence is a broad term which has various meaning attached to it, in all the languages of the world. Philosophers have been trying to understand and explain the meaning of the term ‘intelligence’ since centuries, and each one of them has come up with their own exemplification of the term. For example, Einstein terms intelligence, not as the occupation of knowledge, but it is more of imagination and creativity. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that intelligence is the self-knowledge of claiming that one knows nothing. Moving from philosophers, people have considered understanding the meaning of the term from ...

What do you believe is the greatest achievement that the health care industry has made from both the patient and provider perspectives? Why? In the past decade, there has been significant improvement in the maternal and infant health with respect to the healthcare industry. The rate of neural tube defects and infants born with heritable or metabolic disorders have reduced owing to new diagnostic and treatment modalities. In the early 1990’s, the US government led to the implementation of folic acid fortification in all cereal grains that were termed as enriched. This movement led to the reduction of ...

Classroom Observation Tool

CHS111 Foundations in Early Childhood Education PRINT THIS FORM to use for your classroom observation. Once completed, print this form again and type the information you recorded into the form. The completed, typed form will be submitted in Unit 4.

Observer’s Name: _____Insert your name________________________________________

Time(s): Start: ___9:00am___________ End: _____11:30am___________ CENTER/SCHOOL INFORMATION Program Type (Place “X” for all that apply): public __ private _×_ non-profit __faith-based __ corporate __ other: _____________________

Observed Classroom

Teaching Staff Total: ___21___Teachers __10___ Assistant Teachers ____9__Other: _____2___________ Observed: ___16___Teachers __8___ Assistant Teachers __7____Other: ______1__________ Child Enrollment Total Enrolled: ___141_ Infants _18_____ Toddlers __24___ Preschoolers __45___ Kindergartners __54___ ...

The healthcare sector in the U.S has significantly reviewed and modified its technical, policy and structural capabilities to help improve quality of outcomes and patient safety. There has been so much focus on the need to ensure that the healthcare system achieves the optimal value for money though eliminating the cases of illnesses, infections and injuries that have previously occurred within the settings. Despite these measures, the cases of hospital acquired Illnesses and infections have been rife. This has been associated with poor outcomes namely, high mortality rates, high morbidity rates and more glaringly the erosion of the public ...

Magda Gerber educare philosophy connotes educating toddlers while at the same time caring for them. At the core, this idea builds on seeing and responding to each toddler as an individual with unique needs (Petrie & Owen, 2005). Ideally, this approach stresses the interdependent connection between educating and caring for infants. In other words, Gerber moves that there should be reciprocal and responsive relationships between babies and caregivers learn from each other. The philosophy has three main principles: respect, communication, and caring. In executing educating and caring simultaneously, Gerber’s approach provides different care giving strategies. Some of these strategies ...

(DWB)

Application of Drone Technology to Facilitate Effective HIV Diagnostic and Treatment Services to Children in Rural Malawi

INGO UNICEF 1Broadway, New NY 10022 USA Dear Sir, Drones without Borders (DWB) is an organization which has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones. Our organization seeks to develop and implement an four-months program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children in rural, cut off, hard to access, often combat zone areas in Malawi. The mortality rate of the infected children has been on the rise due to lack of access ...

1. State the type of study that was conducted.Prospective cohort. 2. What is the research question? Is detectable HIV-1 DNA represents replication-competent virus capable of initiating HIV-1 replication in the absence of cART?3. What was known or unknown before the study was conducted? the levels of HIV-1 DNA were already measured. During the study, the following were already known. It was known that cART controls the replication of HIV-1, yet they were undetectable. Children experienced rebound during HIV-1 suppression when therapy was discontinued. Latent reservoir aid as the barrier when cure is being conducted, and it was known that ...

Involvement of family members in the healthcare decisions for children is a debatable issue. Parents’ engaged in the decision-making of their child’s health care, poses challenges to the American bioethical system, which regards the patient sovereignty as the fundamental ethical principle in the medical decision making policy . American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has established certain recommendations pertaining to the child’s decision-making and categorizes children based on their level of maturity and decision-making ability into three groups: those that lack the ability to take decisions, those with a premature developing capacity and those that are mature enough to ...

Adoption

San Diego Police Officers and FBI officials conducted an investigation of an illegal smuggling ring earlier today. It was confirmed the women involved were conducting a human trafficking ring.

Arrests of Julia Schultz, Francine Lopez, 22, and Marissa Gomez, 21 were made.

Each were charged with violation of the Protection of Victims of Trafficking Act, child endangerment, false imprisonment, alien smuggling, and Schultz received an additional charge of operating an illicit business. Three infants were found in Schultz’s home upon entry. They are in San Diego’s protective custody now. The arrests are expected to stop the immediate actions in San Diego, but more arrests are expected here, as well as ...

SAN DIEGO – this morning local police in cooperation with FBI agents entered property at 1346 Peach St. The owner of the premises Julia Schultz, 46, is arrested, together with attendees Francine Lopez, 22, and Marissa Gomez, 21. Three unidentified infants have been discovered in the building and sent to San Diego Children’s Protective Services. According to San Diego District Attorney Sam Martin, the women are charged with a number of crimes, including alien smuggling, child endangerment, false imprisonment and violation of the Protection of Victims of Trafficking Act. Julia Schultz is also charged with operating illicit business. Her ...

Successful learning and listening depend on the availability. There are four fundamental factors to consider when installing and furnishing an adults and children’s learning center. They include highlighting the appropriate items that will satisfy the requirements of the service area, adults, and children, formulating criteria that will assist in the identification of vendors and equipment, developing a system to purchase and order the items, and instituting a program that will assist the management of the equipment. This essay takes a critical look at the essential equipment that the services area, adults, and children require. The guidelines in this ...

Insecure Attachment and Identity Formation Issues

Abstract: This paper will seek to examine the effect of forming insecure attachment in leading to unsuccessful identity achievement in human beings. This question is answered by examining the attachment theory and relating it to identity formation. It will also examine how these two issues affect healthy development in each stage of the life span based on Erickson’s psychosocial developmental stages. According to the attachment theory, attachment mainly determines different aspects of human relationships and interaction. This in turn, leads to social and emotional development issues in individuals during different life stages. This research paper includes an in-depth ...

Application of Drone Technology to Facilitate an Effective HIV Diagnostic and Treatment Services to Children in Rural Malawi

Director, Grant Organization Technology to Save Children from HIV is an organization that has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones and UNICEF. Our organization seeks to develop a program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children. We propose the application of drone technology to facilitate easy and convenient transport of HIV testing supplies, test samples, and medication that has been hampered by the poor state of transport infrastructure in rural Malawi. We ...

Roseola also known as exanthema subitum or Sixth disease is a viral infection caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) common in infants and young children. The pathognomonic sign of roseola infantum is the development of acute high fever and febrile seizure. Commonly after defervescence, a rubelliform eruption or rash occurs. A clinical exam is needed to diagnose roseola and the treatment is symptomatic (Caserta, 2014). To patients who are immunosuppressed, HHV-6 is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. HHV-6B can also cause CNS disease in these immunocompromised patients ("Roseola Infantum", 2016).

Pathophysiology

The transmission of the HHV-6 is airborne, ...

Director,

Grant Organization Technology to Save Children from HIV is an organization that has been created to serve HIV vulnerable children in rural Malawi through a partnership with ZipLine Drones and UNICEF. Our organization seeks to develop a program aimed at ensuring fast and continuous delivery of HIV test kits, results, and antiretroviral drugs to provide immediate medical attention to HIV positive children. We propose the application of drone technology to facilitate easy and convenient transport of HIV testing supplies, test samples, and medication that has been hampered by the poor state of transport infrastructure in rural Malawi. We seek $ ...

Of the many medical ailments we are meant to watch out for today, the Zika Virus is the newest on our radar. It is dangerous to individuals and unborn babies, and is overrun in many regions of the world. People are at risk because they often do not know the signs, or even how the virus is transmitted. They are also unaware of how to get tested for the virus, this leaving them at risk to transmit the virus to others. It has allowed the virus to become a serious issue in many places around the work. The population ...

Question 1

Description of the outbreak Measles, a viral disease, has been established to be highly contagious mainly characterized by body rashes. The causative agent responsible for measles infects the mucous membrane then spreads out to other parts of the body. The condition can, however, be prevented by the use of vaccination. It is characterized by particular symptoms which include a runny nose, high fever, red eyes and coughs (WHO, 2016). The body rashes that usually develop on an individual who has contracted this disease begin with the head then move downwards to the body. The rashes usually appear after four ...

Infants are attracted towards the objects that are colorful and help the infants visualize shapes and faces at specific angles. It provides the infants with the adequate learning environment that also supports the development of motor, cognitive and perceptual skills. The development of such toys require a substantive amount of finance and time, however, the outcome of using such toys to enhance the skills of infants, makes the individuals to develop such toys (Soska et al., 2010). In this manner, it is suggested that an educational toy should be made that can be operated electronically and can provide infants ...

Cystic fibrosis is a chronic, progressive and often deadly genetic disease that affects the body’s mucous glands. It follows that cystic fibrosis (CF) is evident in the body’s digestive and respiratory systems, particularly in children and young adults (Flume et al., 2007). In some cases, it affects the reproductive system and the sweat glands. A CF-like disease has been known over the past two centuries, but it was in 1938 that the term cystic fibrosis was first used. CF may also be considered to be an autosomal-recessive disease. Its estimated heterozygote occurrence is one for every twenty ...

Abstract

This study focuses on the issue of diabetes among the people of Asian origin. It begins by describing diabetes as a recent pandemic that has imposed a significant burden on diabetic patients and healthcare providers. Diabetes is primarily a metabolic disorder that elevates the level of blood sugar and, hence, causes various complications, including death. The disease is common in Asian communities due to genetic factors, diet, and lifestyle trends. Thus, there is a need for skilled medical professionals, such as nurses, to increase diabetes awareness, encourage the adoption of preventive measures, and promote diabetes care among Asians. As ...

Attachment Theory

John Bowlby developed the attachment theory and was it to describe attachment as, “a lasting psychological connectedness between human beings” (Cherry, 2016). Attachment theory is focused on the bonds and relationships between people, especially long-term relationships that include relationships such as parent-child and romantic partners. The earliest behavioural theories claimed that attachment is a learned behavior. There are four specific styles of attachment styles; secure attachment, fearful attachment, preoccupied attachment, and dismissive attachment. This paper will analyse two of these styles.

Secure Attachment

Explanation of Concept Adults with secure attachment style tend to be greatly satisfied with their relationships. Children having ...

Infant/Toddler/Twos Health, Safety, and Nutrition Policies

Ensuring optimum health of infants, toddlers, and twos encompasses policies particularly in situations where symptoms of illness are apparent. When high temperature, uneasiness, and distress in the child’s behavior become evident, the child should be taken to the clinic. The parents expect to be notified for such issues immediately, and there should be an immediate remedy provided to the child administered by the in-house physician or nurse. In terms of sanitation, all classrooms should observe proper cleaning and maintenance. The classroom should be cleaned regularly at least twice a day. In addition, all materials and equipment should be ...

(TITLE OF THE PAPER) (City and State of school) (Title Goes Here) 1. Briefly outline the specific issues that exist in the community (e.g. based on demographic data or other external source, or your observations if this is a real\community you are actually working in). Myanmar is suffering from an HIV epidemic which has increased since the last part of the 1980’s and needs financial support to treat those suffering from the disease. According to information found at the Humanitarian Practice Network Website, the numbers of people with HIV/AIDS seems to have leveled off. Although there are ...

The development of infants or toddlers occurs in a very predictable sequence which can be visible from the way a child begins by crawling prior to walking or even babbling before they can actually talk. Each developmental stage or milestone can vary from one child to another but the variation should be within acceptable variances that can be covered over time. For instance some children may achieve fast development in the initial 18 months and slower development in the subsequent stages; others may present with slow growth in the early stages and fast growth in the latter stages. However, ...

UniversityPrenatal Development and Mental Disorders

Environmental factors including socioeconomic status, trauma and parenting practices play a crucial role in early childhood development. Even though they are important, the prenatal environment has become regarded as one of most crucial periods that can be influenced by these environmental factors. This is because during the prenatal period, environmental factors can significantly affect the development of the child, which will later have a significant impact on behavioral development later in life, implying a significant link between prenatal environment and a child’s mental health, which can specifically be impacted by various teratogens, or “any environmental agent that causes ...

Introduction

The Zika virus causes an illness known as Zika virus disease (Zika). The transmission of Zika virus occurs via the bite of an Aedes mosquito that is infected (CDC, 2016). Zika belongs to the genre Flavivirus and the WHO (2015) has identified it as “an emerging mosquito-borne virus.” The virus causes a mild illness that lasts a few days to a week (CDC, 2016; WHO, 2016). Thus, many people with the disease do not seek medical help. However, the greatest concern associated with Zika is microcephaly. This birth defect results from a Zika infection during pregnancy. This defect is ...

Does all of the creation have equal rights? Or are some of the Earthlings more valuable than the others? This question has become a deep issue nowadays. While in the past, the moral status of animals was not strongly debated as there were more acute issues at the time, now this issue is rather actual. When the racism and sexism were defeated, and all humans gained equal rights, have not the time come for animals to get these rights? Should animals be given equal considerations of interests with humans? Peter Singer answers with a strong “yes.” He calls the ...

Abstract

The choice between breastfeeding and bottle (formula) feeding appears to be one of the fundamental decisions that await both new and expectant parents. Quite a number of health bodies including World Health Organization (WHO), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and also the American Medical Association (AMA), all recommend breastfeeding to be the appropriate choice for infants (Andres, Cleves, Bellando, Pivik, Casey, & Badger, 2012). Breastfeeding assists defend against several chronic conditions, prevent allergies, and protect against infections. The AAP, in particular, recommends that infants be breastfed exclusively for the first six (6) months following their birth. Beyond that, breastfeeding is ...

Child development takes place in discrete phases and ranges from birth to adulthood. These stages of development comprise various interrelated aspects such as socialization, motor skills, language, cognitive ability, emotional aspects, and social interaction. Various theories emphasize on the issues of development such as Vygotsky and Jeane Piaget theories. Piaget's model discusses concerns about the acquisition of knowledge and mechanisms of intellectual development. On the other hand, Vygotsky tended to focus mostly on the influence of culture on social and material structure and language of society (Steinberg & Vandergrift, 2010). Infant development and growth requires a combination of theories to ...

In addition to the direct physical manifestation of swarm phenotype –increased length and number of flagella, swarm cells often produce wetting agent, usually a surface of some type, for instance, the surface in Serrtia (serrwettins) and Bacillus (surfcatin) (White, 2006). In both cases loss of surfactant dramatically decreases swearing proficiency in Bacillus as well as strains of E. Coli do not make surfactants, which is probably why they are such picky swimmers. Surfactants act mainly to maintain surface wetness, which in turn allows cells to swim in every shallow layer of fluid on the surface. Research findings indicate that ...

Kangaroo mother Care.

Kangaroo Care and Survival Rates Kangaroo mother care is a method of care for preterm and low birth weight infants involving skin to skin contact between mother and newborn, early discharge from hospital and frequent breastfeeding (WHO, 2003). Despite the limited research into this method of mother care, if continued at home, can it be blended with breastfeeding to boost survival rates among infants? In resource deprived areas, the Kangaroo is utilized often to reduce on mortality and morbidity among newborns (WHO, 2016). Other benefits are stabilized body heat, regulates child temperatures and improves on breathing of the new ...

Infants and children are often said to be the hope for tomorrow’s society. Their growth and development for full world occupancy is highly dependent on how the society essentially prepares them from an early stage. Parents have a great responsibility in understanding children, preparing them and also equipping them with the relevant skills they need to navigate life. Families affect the development of infants and young children through built relationships over time. Couples that respect each other and solve their issues amicably provide a good environment for the growth of infants and children. Young children are very observant ...

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a sudden death of apparently healthy child aged up to 1 year as a result of cessation of breathing and heart failure, the cause of which cannot be established at the mortem expertise. Sometimes the syndrome is called as “death at the crib” or death for no reason. However, there are causes or risk factors for the development of this poorly studied phenomenon, and the parents, eliminating them from their life, can save the life and health of the child. SIDS is not a disease; it is a posthumous diagnosis that is exhibited ...