Essays on Incarceration

In the most unlikely places are literary themes that are eerily similar. Such is the case for “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” In Cold Blood, and “The Crucible,” a poem by Oscar Wilde, a novel by Truman Capote, and a play by Arthur Miller, respectively. Although each of these pieces of literature deal with different time periods and different experiences, each discusses the darkness inside the human soul, the piercing reality of very banal, human evil that burns inside most people. While Capote’s characters chase the ghost of a murderer around a complex, interwoven plot, Miller’s characters fight against a corrupt, hysterical system ...

Questions

Community Corrections have formed an integral part of the criminal justice system. Over the years, community corrections provide criminal offenders with numerous viable options to incarceration as a means to deter crime and promote community safety. Parole, bail supervision program, probation, intensive supervision probation and community service order are some of the alternatives accorded to offenders in different stages of a correctional process. Community corrections help to separate criminals from law abiding citizens, reduce government expenditure on deterring crime (cost-savings) and create a favorable environment to reintegrate the offenders to the society.

Probation means a period of supervision that is accorded to ...

Discussion 1

Judicial review of competency or reasonability in regard to defendant mens rea (mental state) at issue in case involves four general rule elements where 1) waiver of rights is determined accord to the 2) capacity of a party to plea and 2) stand trial, the criteria to 4) defense. Defendants “pleading not guilty by reason of insanity” forsake criminal responsibility in exchange for state mental health incarceration (Meyer & Weaver, 2006).

In the cases State v. Bates and State v. Stiller no assignment of incompetency should occur. If temporary insanity is determined to be in question, hospital ...

Question One

Private Prisons Private prisons were banned in the Mid-20th Century because they were views as the new form of slavery. During the progressive era, the last private prison was closed down. Commercialization of Prison system was demonized by religious groups and Human rights activists. The business revived again in the 20 the century. This was as a result of the increased incarceration efforts by the criminal justice system. In order to reduce the crime rate, the courts opted to adopt tough sentencing rules. Currently, the United States of America has incarcerated over two million inmates. The phenomenon creates a situation ...

The prison system that currently exists today offers a retribution measure instead of corrective actions to assert and ensure that the convicted assailants, after serving their prison time, could go back to the community as responsible individuals. While this is the case, a documentary featured in 2005 and 2009 documents a different role of prisons. Aside from housing convicted individuals, it also serves as a modern day asylum for mentally-ill individuals convicted of committing a crime against society.

I am writing this memo as my personal take on the existing problem regarding the release of convicted mentally-ill individuals to the society after serving ...

The trends in higher education both at undergraduate and graduate level show the increasing gap between African American male and female, whereby females are outnumbering the males in attainment of higher education. The trend needs to be analyzed for the purpose of finding out the reasons for this increasing gap by using the quantitative and qualitative methods and a mix of both. The dissertation aims at discussing the relative merits and demerits of qualitative and quantitative research along with the comparison of non-experimental, experimental and quasi-experimental research designs. The dissertation will also include the questions about the research on a given ...

Question One

Privatization of Prisons There is an emerging trend in the western countries of Privatization of prisons. Because of the huge costs that are incurred in the construction of a new correctional facility, countries such as the United States of America and Britain have opted to subcontract private prisons to cater for the rising need for space in the prison facilities. Mass incarceration has created an opportunity niche that is currently being exploited by American Business people. The privatization of prisons in the United States is caused by the punitive measures and the tough sentencing rules adopted by the criminal ...

Introduction

There is a growing contention among critics about the number of people of color that makes up the population in prison or parole. Pettit and Western (2004) have questioned the credibility of the justice system when it comes to incarcerating, policing, or sentencing of people of color. Current statistics reveal that blacks are handled disproportionally as opposed to the majority white community (Pettit & Western, 2004). Further, these theorists related the incarceration, policing, or sentencing pattern to racial disparities in the criminal justice system. United States has had a long history of racial disparity that led elicited activism by the blacks. Presently, ...

Mental Health and Incarceration

Among the industrialized nations, the United States ranks at the top for the highest number of adults that are in prison or in jails. In the work of Daniel (2007), the American correctional system held at one point more than 2.2 million individuals that are incarcerated. The numbers of inmates that have mental health concerns or issues are steadily rising in the last 30 years. This is purportedly due to the “deinstutionalization” of the local and state mental health establishment. Correctional and penal facilities have assumed the position of becoming the “default” state mental health facilities, and at an ...

“Misplaced Priorities” is an opinion article in the US News that tells about the way the country spends more money on jailing people and less on the education of people. According to the author, these misplaced priorities have a very bad effect on the neighborhoods that are poor. The poor neighborhoods experience high rates of incarceration, and have bad schools (Stone, 2014). The author feels that priority should be given to education of people rather than on incarceration.

Bad schools do not provide quality education to students. The consequence of this is that students drop out of schools; or ...

Apparently, Lil Wayne is not only known for his exemplary style of music but also his unique and outstanding character. Throughout his life, it is imperative to denote that this rapper has had to undergo stresses while concurrently achieving success. With the above said, this paper will present an insightful description of sources that will be used in the subsequent research. Details and how the use if these sources in the research will be elaborated more profoundly.

Brown, J. (2011). Lil Wayne: (an unauthorized biography). Phoenix, Ariz: Colossus

Owing the fact that this book offers a detailed record of ...

Folkways refers to the standards of manners recognized in the social context but lacks moral implication. These are norms that govern the day to day behaviors followed by the people due to convenience or tradition. The folkways are not associated with the serious consequences when they are broken. The examples of folkways are cultural dress and food habits. For example, poor table manners amount to breaking the folkways but there are no any legal or moral consequence for breaking the folkways relating to table manners.

Mores refers to the stringent norms used in controlling ethical and moral behavior. Mores ...

Statistics from the American department of justice reveal massive disparities in the numbers of incarcerated people among the Hispanic, African Americans and the whites (Caucasians). Going by statistics, a considerably large number of African Americans (10%) were behind the bars as opposed to only 2.4% and 1.2% of Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic whites respectively (Travis, Western, Redburn & National Research Council U.S, 2014). The aforementioned figures give a big picture of the incarceration disparities as of the year 2003.In addition, these statistics attest to the fact that at the age of between 25 to 29years, African American males are more likely ...

Question one:

White collar crimes are essentially the non-violent crimes committed by persons of high social status who do not consider themselves as criminals. The individuals are usually in a position of trust. They choose to violate that trust and, as a result, deleterious ramifications follow. Their crimes affect thousands of households. Countries have stipulated steep penalties to white collar crimes. In China, the punishment for white collar crimes is the death penalty. In the United States of America, steep penalties were stipulated after the Jeffery Skilling and Enron Scandal. President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in 2002 which provided for ...

Drug courts are courts that oversee the reformation and rehabilitation of non-violent drug offenders (Cole & Gertz, 2012). Under these courts all stakeholders of the criminal justice system work in tandem to ensure that those going through the program are reformed and rehabilitated. The drug courts supervise the treatment program especially through regular review of the offender to ascertain the progress made. The court normally rewards the offender where there is positive progress, and imposes sanctions where the offender has regressed or violated any of the conditions that had been imposed. There are drug courts for adults, juveniles, and ...

Background information

Ted Nugent was born in December 1948 in Detroit, Michigan. He was able to earn the world’s fame and fortune as the lead guitarist before he established his own solo career. Nut Nugent is renowned for songs such as Wango Tango, Cat Scratch Fever, and Stranglehold among others in his 1970’s hit songs. He was raised in Detroit by his father and mother, Warren Henry Nugent and Marion Dorothy respectively. Ted Nugent’s father was an army sergeant; therefore, he was raised under strict and stern household. As a teenager, Ted Nugent moved to Palatine, Illinois. Ted Nugent ...

Primary Sources

Connell, T. (2002). America's Japanese Hostages: The US Plan for a Japanese Free Hemisphere. Westport: Praeger-Greenwood.

De Nevers, K. (2004). The Colonel and the Pacifist: Karl Bendetsen, Perry Saito, and the Incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

Karl Bendetsen who was an army major during these times gives us a clear account of what transpired in the camps that the Japanese hostages were being kept after the president had directed that they be held there. Americans were dreaded as a security hazard. Succumbing to terrible guidance and famous notion, President Roosevelt decided to bring forth an official request in February 1942 requesting the migration of all Americans of Japanese parentage to inhumane imprisonments throughout the United States. Departure requests were posted in Japanese-American groups giving directions on the most proficient method to agree to the official request. Most ...

Question One: Four Modern Sentencing Options

Sentences are punishments for convicted defendants. The prescription of punishments for crimes is found in both federal and state statutes. There are four traditional sanctions that can be imposed in the modern criminal justice system are; the death penalty, imprisonment, probation, and fines. They are discussed in the ensuing sections.

Death Penalty, this is the most extreme sentence option. In the United States, 38 states have laws that can impose capital punishment. Majority of these states use lethal injection while some use electrocution to end the life of the accused. The death penalty is usually reserved for very serious ...

Prisons are an essential organ in the criminal justice system of the United States of America. Prisons serve the purpose of reforming, rehabilitating and keeping the offenders away from the society so as not only to protect the society but also protect the offenders from an angry society that is tempted to take the law into their hands.

There are a number of challenges that the United States prison system faces especially with the inclusion of imprisoned terrorists. It is imperative to consider whether terrorists can be reformed and rehabilitated and thus fit for prison. Arguments have been advanced to ...

The three main mechanisms for treating juveniles as adults

The recent past has experienced an immense increase in juvenile delinquencies across various settings. In dealing with juvenile delinquency cases, the criminal justice systems across various states have devised different mechanism for treating juvenile delinquents as adults. The first mechanism is the waiver mechanism whereby the decision to treat a juveniles as adults are left to the Juvenile courts in any given State. Waiver provisions differ based on their flexibility in allowing juvenile courts to make such decisions (Hile 2). Many at times, such decisions are based on presumptions and discretions whereas in other cases they are mandatory, depending on ...

Introduction

This paper explains how the courts in California are organized, particularly the Superior Courts system, and describes the method of determining a defendant’s bail, as well as considering the fairness of that method.

Description of the Superior Court System

The California Supreme Court is the highest court, supported by appeal courts and by a system of superior courts in each county, which have jurisdiction over both civil and criminal cases. In 2001, all 58 California counties merged their municipal and superior courts into a unified superior court per county. Overall, there are 400 superior courts locations, overseen by almost 1,500 judges. The superior courts also hear ...

What do you make of a system that locks people up for profit?

Incarceration is a sensitive issue in the criminal justice system of all states, especially in this era when the criminologists are championing for rehabilitation. Still, Louisiana is recognized as the prison capital of the world. The motivation behind this fact is quite obvious – profit. In the year 1990 a federal court ordered Louisiana to do something about the rising prison population – either to employ policies that would ensure decongestion or to build more prisons (Chang, 2012). The latter option appeared more appealing to the unscrupulous leaders that subordinated wider interest to personal gains. In my opinion, it is against ...

This researcher intends to investigate the effects of life experiences on a person’s behavior.Specifically, the study shall focus on the effects of incarceration or imprisonment on a person’s behavior. Using qualitative research methods, the study shall look into the different aspects of one’s behavior being affected by incarceration. The following sections present materials that are relevant to the present study. These documents are derived from published books and journals, many of which were available online.

Bui, H. & Morash, M. (2010). The impact of network relationships, prison experiences, and internal transformation on women’s success after prison release. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 49, pp. 1-22. doi 10.1080/1050967090343581.

In this study, 20 former women inmates who were paroled, were interviewed about their life experiences before incarceration, during, and after their release. ...

Introduction

There is no doubt that incarceration of parents is one of the greatest punishments children suffer when they are incarcerated from their parents. The additional challenges that come as a result of parental incarceration include material hardship and financial instability, instability in family relationships, poor educational results among children, and social problems such as stigma. Many a time, children of incarcerated parents are termed as the forgotten victims of imprisonment. Statistics show that there were 1.7 million children of incarcerated parents in the United States as of 2007 (Shlafer, Poehlmann, Coffino, & Hanneman, 2009. P. 508). Several million other children have ...

Oshinsky claimed that the farm penal system is worse than slavery because , the farm system was derived from the plantation model of imprisonment. An overall philosophy of punishment that rooted from racist assumptions regarding the abilities of the black prisoners in the South (Fisher-Giorlando , 2012, p. 1). The farm system is basically a combination of incarceration and working on a plantation as a slave. This system possesses elements of agricultural work, the population of black workers, neglect of rehabilitation, plantation mentality, isolation, the worthlessness of the prisoners and emphasis on the the economy (Forster, 1995 as quoted from Fisher-Giorlando , 2012). The condition ...

A. Prison management is a daunting task due to several factors that has to be considered in order to keep the corrections facility to function for its intended purpose. There are several approaches to prison administration that can be adopted, but each of them has their own advantage and disadvantage. There are three administration approach and models that applies to prison management, derived from different principles and employs a variation of approach. The three administrative approach models are based on control, consensual and responsibility. In terms of the communication responsibility model more informal and it has the tendency to cross the ...

Ethics involves individuals making judgements on what is right or wrong. Various societies have a criminal justice system to ensure that people adhere to certain laws and regulations. It is fair to say that the criminal justice system is a cardinal pillar in the adherence to ethics by members of any society. The application of ethics is vital when people have to make decisions involving force, discretion and due process. Professionals in the criminal justice system can be easily tempted to abuse their power and act unethically. Engagement in unethical behavior by criminal justice professionals, leads to several problems bearing on ...

Abstract

Natural and physical sciences have been considered older disciplines than social science. As such, speculations are that methodologies used in social science in many ways either overlap or have been remodeled for the purposes of interpreting social phenomenon. However, the argument has always pertained to determining the extent a social scientific perspective relies on methods drawn from the physical and natural sciences. In the following pages of this document the writer will conduct an evaluation by implicitly formulating a social scientific question; explaining its significance from a social scientific perspective; analyzing three specific research problems which can emerge from this question; providing a ...

The Book Part

Michele Alexander covers the issue of racialism in the modern society. Though the media claims that the modern American society has moved past the racism era, racism has taken a modern form in terms of the social policies that the government implements. Through these social policies, members of different races receive different conviction for the same offenses. These social policies present the transformation of racism. Obama’s victorious election into presidency may have depicted the end of racism, but society perceives it differently. The social policy on the drug war presents the real image of modern racism. The criminal ...

Immigration

Immigration

Introduction

Immigration is the process of people moving from their native country to another country for the purpose of establishing residence in that other country. There are two different types of immigration: legal immigration; and illegal immigration. This paper will discuss the process of legally immigrating to the United States; and the process of people immigrating to the United States illegally. The research will provide data to support that legal immigration is an accepted form of moving to the United States from another country. Evidence will also be presented to show that illegal immigration is an unacceptable means of ...

The American democracy attributed to majoritarian considerations. Primarily, the government aims at giving the majority rights in order to govern themselves. Similarly, majority governance is centered on the principles that ensure maximum participation of the citizens in deciding which policies become laws. The system of ideology that may be conservative, populist, libertarian or liberal is common in the U.S. Ideology allows people to determine the state’s course of action. Individualism characterizes the fabric of American democracy. The state’s efforts are concentrated on the culture and the individuals’ themselves. Under the circumstances of individualism in a democracy, the ...

Introduction

Juvenile offenders are growing in numbers and they take a significant account of arrests involving the crimes of burglary, murder and rape. Juvenile delinquency is no doubt a social problem that is becoming pervasive if not addressed appropriately. The juvenile law took transitional stages in order to adopt to the changing trends in juvenile crimes and offenses. Through the efforts of social reformers, the juvenile justice system in the country took one form to another from the creation of reformation schools for the juvenile delinquents, the separation of juvenile offenders from the adult offenders, the creation of the special juvenile courts, ...

According to the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

The justice system in America is supposed to be comprised of the top officials this country has to offer. Skilled men and women from across America are supposed to put their talents to work when it comes to preventing crime, and rehabilitating criminals. Lately, we have been falling short on both fronts. In an effort to rehabilitate criminals, parole officers have implanted many different strategies. Two of these strategies are the casework supervision model and the brokerage supervision model. They are very different in type and use, designed to help previous offenders reshape their lives. However, between the two, ...

Introduction

The probation probe and the Missouri board were established on June 24th, 1973.This board releases the offenders who have committed crime in confinement by conditional release. The board determines whether the offender is to be released on residential facilities, through the community release, or whether the use of electronic monitoring would be appropriate. The board also establishes the specified condition that will address the specific needs of the offender hence this reduces the risks that may be associated with the same and this will improve the success of the board under the supervisions. This board further conduct investigations on ...

The resolution by the United States to increase the number of people who get incarcerated has come with abnormally high cost that has become quite difficult to manage. Compared tony other country, the number of people who get incarcerated in the United States has been on a steady increase. It has fueled the United States budget with substantial values. The cost of managing the incarceration is very high. As reported in the year 2008, more than 2.3 million American was serving prison terms while out of every 48 working age men, one was behind the bars.Precisely, the cost of correcting ...

Who need to be considered as the primary cause of racism in the United States? Does having a black president mean the US is already free or clear of racial issues; that things have already changed especially in the field of how the justice system is implicated? Michelle Alexander’s written work The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, explicates the truth behind the supposed color blinded justice system in the US. Relatively, she notes of the expectations that were given attention to by the American people and by the world as the new president [Barack ...

Introduction

In the last thirty years, community corrections have turned out to be an important part of the system of corrections. In recent times, the change towards choices to the strategies has been in response to quickly improving the populations of prison in United States and Canada. Legislators in United States and Canada have passed legislation in recent times thought at stabilizing or reducing the populations of prison .

Discussion

The programs for community crime prevention or strategies target alter in community infrastructure, the physical environment, and culture to decrease the rates of crime. The variety of approaches includes neighborhood watch, urban ...

(Course/Major) (School/University)

Incarceration or Intervention: Costs and Benefits

In the work of leading global research organizations RTI International, by sending substance abusers to community-based programs rather than hauling these people to jail, the United States criminal justice system stands to save billions of dollars, in a study of the RTI International and Temple University. In the study of the groups, almost one half of the prisoners in the Federal and state prison system are incarcerated for drug abuse or substance addicts. However, even with the high rate of drug and substance abusers in the prison, it is estimated that only one out of ten get ...

(School/University)

Rehabilitation of mentally ill in prisons and jails: issues and concerns

The California Department of Corrections (CDC) in 2005 added the term “rehabilitation” as a part of the agency’s official title, becoming the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, or the CDCR. However, the change in title did not result in a change of philosophy in the treatment of prisoners in the United States. Though the reintegration of the methodology of rehabilitation officially entered the regime of the CDRC, there is little or no evidence that the methodology has significantly changed (Berkeley- University of California, 2009, p. 277). Berkebile (2010, p.1) reported that by 2009, California’s penal facilities ...

According to sociological and criminological studies, social problems, namely poverty, race, and punishment are interconnected. Different scholars have developed five core arguments regarding the interconnection of these problems. The first is that criminal victimization and sanctions perpetuate stratification and poverty. The understanding of this argument requires an exploration of the current trends in criminal punishment by poverty status and ethnicity. It also demands an examination of how victimization patterns vary across races and how sanctions affect future chances at life. Criminal sanctions are usually inflicted by a state; however, the determination of the severity of the sanctions needs justification (Pager, ...

Introduction

In the following project I have researched and summarized the main provisions of the statutes as they relate to the questions of arraignment, state sentencing issues and sentencing alternatives in the state of Virginia. Another part of this research covers the issues of practical application of these statutory provisions in the everyday work of courts and correctional institutions. In the Lesson 1, I have researched the initial procedure of arraignment in the light of its practical application during the work of the court.

In the Lesson 2, I have summarized the statutory provisions which regulate the issues of probation, parole and sentencing alternatives.

In the Lesson 3, I have briefly outlined the community correctional programs and how the ...

A growing number of probation officers, judges, prosecutors as well as other juvenile professionals are advocating for a juvenile justice system which is greatly based on restorative justice. These groups of people have been frustrated by the policy uncertainty between retribution and treatment as well as unrealistic and unclear public expectations. As a primary mission, the balanced approach or policy allows juvenile justice systems together with its agencies to improve in their capacity of protecting the community and ensuring accountability of the system and the offenders. It enables the youths to become productive and competent citizens. This guiding philosophical framework for ...

Police crime control policies

Crime control is paramount for the economic development of any civilized society. The political stability of any nation is measured by the crime rate. Countries that have low crime rates are more attractive to investors and business leaders. The crime rate in the United States of America was high in the 1990s. The cities were controlled by criminal gangs and at times the fights between criminal gangs took place in the streets. The frequency of homicides was relatively high. The residential places were not spared from crime related violence. Law enforcement officers were criticized for being weaklings. The police ...

How it Works

The parole system enables some prisoners to be released early under controlled conditions. The first stage in the parole system is eligibility. According to the US Department of Justice (1), eligibility conditions are outlined by the laws of a region and the courts hand down the sentence. If the prisoner is eligible, he or she then applies for parole and brings forth a case to the parole board. In its consideration to allow a prisoner into parole, the parole board examines a number of issues that are related to the case. These include the nature of the committed crime, previous criminal record of ...

Criminal justice research project

Overview The respect and application of the rule of law is the integral function of the criminal justice system. Criminal justice system can be termed as collective institutions of implementing justice through upholding the constitution. Such institutions aid in mitigating and preventing crime, in the line of maintaining integrity, transparency and coexistence of the society. What is more, criminal justice institutions incorporate powerful structures, which propagate quality implementation of criminal justice. Similarly, criminal justice system is a process that entails arresting, investigating, prosecuting and imprisonment of criminals who violate the rule of law. AS a result, criminal justice system can ...

Crime is a significant issue in America as well as other countries. In order to try to lessen the rate of crime in America, the causes of crime are often studied. Records are keep of those who commit crimes in order to determine the underlying factors which led to these offenses in an effort to decrease their occurrence. An entire field of study, criminology is dedicated to the study of crime in society. The field of criminology encompasses not only the causes of crime and theories behind why people commit crimes, it also studies the detailed of rates of crime ...

Part I

For well over 150 years, the theories of Karl Marx have significantly influenced the thinking and ideas of many sociologists, especially those concerned with the relationship between the economy and politics (Kimmel, 1990). The interaction between the economy and politics in a class society defines social change. In point of fact, change is an inevitable force that is responsible for societal transformation. Contemporary American society is in a continuous flux of change, thanks to such forces and factors as t3echnology, social awareness and the dynamics of a class society. If Marxism and its early predictions were anything to go by, the United ...

Law

Executive Summary This essay will present recommendations on how to improve the present policies and programs for children with incarcerated parents in Florida. One of the major program types for incarcerated parents is the Special Parent-Child Visits. This special type of program will provide opportunities for the parents to spend extended time with their children on-site inside the prison grounds. These types of visits may be in the form of overnight or special occasion visits which cover special programming efforts, meals and crafts, camping in a structured and well-supervised area inside the prison (Ferro, 2007, p. 27). This report ...

For example Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University.

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant Program. Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555 The Criminal Re-incarceration Problem in the US The highest number incarcerations are in United States. It is estimated that about 2.2 million people are behind bars. It is a 500% increase over the past 30 years. This resulted in an overcrowding prisoners in the prison. The government is desperately dealing with expanding penal system. There is evidence that large scale incarcerations is not ...

- Racial discrimination in sentencing, incarceration and policing of black as opposed to white

Criminal Justice Policies and Black Incarceration

- Influence of criminal justice policies in incarceration patterns - Drug policy and incarceration pattern of the black as opposed to white - Influence of social inequality on rate of criminality

Policing, Arrest and Conviction Patterns

- Policing, arrest, and conviction patterns of black, white, and Hispanic tend to differ in various states - Criminal penalties for crack and powder cocaine offenses indicates the disproportional effects criminal justice system on black and Latino IV) Conclusion - The mass incarceration of black as opposed to other ...

Drug addiction is chronic and is usually a relapsing brain disease causing compulsive drug use and seeking. Irrespective of the harmful consequences resulting from the drug addiction, it influences the users and those around them. Drug addiction remains a critical brain disease as the misuse of drugs leads cause changes in the brain’s structure and function. Even though it is profound that most people make a voluntary initial decision into taking drugs, with time, such brain changes are in place due to repeated drug abuse. They also affect the level of self-control of a person and the ability making sound decisions. They ...

Illegal drugs are being misused by many people around the globe. Some of this illegal drugs have medicinal value but has addicting characteristics. This is the reason why they are being widely prohibited. In the United States is making a lot of movement to stop the usage and distribution of these substance. The declaration of War on Drugs was more than forty years ago by President Richard Nixon. However, there are many conflicts that weakens the War on Drugs movement of the United States (US). Military, US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), and other US government departments are doing ways to ...

Prison Gangs

Prison Gangs Gang violence has been a reality of the American people since not long after the Revolutionary War, though at that time the legitimacy of the predominant gangs was in question. The resurgence of gang life didn’t occur until after the 1870’s and then escalated into the 1940’s, when crime rates soared thanks to a nation that had become largely divided thanks to several contributing factors such as race, ethnicity, money, and control over illegitimate businesses. It’s not entirely clear when prison gangs became such a notorious aspect of the penal system, but one thing is ...

Black Men Incarceration- why are they incarcerated more than other races?

According to this paperwork, I am going to respond to the following subject; the reason as to why the black men between the ages of 25 to 29 are more likely to be in jail than are people of white or Latino descent, therefore, I am going to conduct an intensive research depicting the incidents of criminal prosecution, convictions, prison sentences, and time served by race and ethnicity for all three- African America, Hispanic, and White men. The factors associated with who gets involved in crime, and the consequences of this lot in the Criminal Justice System will also ...

Question 1

African-Americans 45,003,665 (14.1% of the U.S. population), according to the U.S. Census Bureau in 2013 Fertility rate: 2.0 births per woman (PRB 2012).

Life expectancy: 74.4 years (Reinberg 2014)

Literacy: the average African-American twelfth-grade student reads at the same level as the average white eighth grade student (Thompson 2013). Crime: African Americans are now about one million of the 2.3 million people in prison in the United States, and they are incarcerated at about six times as high a rate as white people (NAACP 2013). While there are many different theories that surround the performance gap that exists between African ...

Ever since the emergence of human civilization, music has been an excellent form of entertainment for people worldwide. But aside from serving as a medium for people’s leisure, music has also served as the platform for various campaigns and advocacies by many people who desire for a significant change in the society. One of such people is the famous 90s rapper, Tupac Shakur. Tupac Shakur is amongst the thousands, maybe even millions, of bright minds who used their talents in music and exploited the music arena to send a clear message to a vast audience in hope for a change—in his case, a ...

Incarceration versus Intermediate Sanctions

Introduction Less than five years ago more than eight million individuals were currently incarcerated, probated, or paroled in the United States (Cullen, Jonson, & Nagin 49). Understandably, incarceration and immediate sanctions are both prevalent concepts within the field of Criminal Justice and Criminal Law. Incarceration is a type of penal control used to detain criminals viewed as posing a threat to public safety. Intermediate sanctions are types of punishments that purposely keep the criminal offender from being incarcerated while their actions are still monitored and regulated. Both types of criminal sanctions vary depending upon the crime committed, victims involved, and numerous ...

Introduction:

Criminological theories attempt to define crime and shed light on the criminal justice system. Moreover, the theories further shed light into the intrinsic nature of the crime and its offender, and thus enhancing the rationale in devising the preventive measures (Tibet & Craig 107). Theories envelop the making and the contravention of the law, criminal and deviant conduct, and criminal activity patterns. The principal sociological crime theories consider the immediate social environment, such as the family unit, local community, peer groups, and learning institutions. The theories explain why some individuals have higher inclination to crime unlike others (Black 89). ...

Question 1

The targeting of the Japanese Americans began immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack which occurred on December 1941 (Conrat & Conrat 45). The main reason they were targeted was because of the suspicion that they some were sympathizers of the Japanese government and army that had just bombed the Pearl Harbor. The Japanese people had, in fact, been treated with suspicion for a long time, and the Pearl Harbor attacks only helped to aggravate the suspicion and this time unfortunately, they were subjected to unimaginable oppression. Since they first immigrated into the United States, the Japanese had managed to create fairly ...

Purpose of Classification Systems

Classification systems are used throughout the US prison system. In common with similar approaches in other states, California’s Department of Corrections (CDC) uses such a system in the interest of increasing the efficiency of utilization of available incarceration facilities. For example, by assigning offenders to the most appropriate type of prison accommodation, the highest security accommodation (which is also more costly to operate) is reserved for the prisoners for whom that higher level of security is considered necessary. Issues such as the likelihood of misconduct in prison and the escape risk have to be taken into account, too (Berk & ...