Essays on Privatization

Introduction

A prison is a place where law breakers are confined or interned by concerned authority. Prisons are denied the freedom of movement and free interaction with other people. In many countries, prisons are governed by the government. Nevertheless, increased prisoners population and an attempt to cut costs has led to privatization of some prisons. This has brought about mixed reactions with some parties arguing against the privatization move whilst others arguing in favour of privatization of prisons. Privatization of prisons is an arrangement in which prisoners are confined by third parties which are normally contracted by the ruling government. ...

Water is one of the vital natural resoures humans can’t live without. According to the World Bank estimate, almost two thirds of the global population will run short of pure drinking water by 2025. There’s a debate all over the World regarding privatization of water, driven by government authorities and large corporate in different countries. This topic is controversial – will the water privatization help to distribute the priceless “oil of the 21st century” in a fair and wise way or should the officials concentrate on protecting water supplies and fighting pollution rather than try to privatize the ...

Introduction

Social Security, established in 1935, accounts for 23% of all federal spending, and thus, it is the largest program in the federal budget (Edwards and Tanner, 2013). The expense on Social Security even exceeds the federal spending on national defense, the second-largest federal program. As per the estimation of the Congressional Budget Office, by 2013, Social Security expenditure will double the amount spent on defense by rising to $1.42 trillion as opposed to $731 billion on defense. The two components of Social Security include Disability Insurance (DI) and Old-Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI). Both DI and OASI are funded ...

Introduction:

In the last few decades there has been a growing trend with regards to the privatization of water supply. This signifies that taking the water-management responsibility from the government and placing it into the hands of private sector. This pattern has created objection from a lot of environmental and human rights organizations that worry that passing water distribution to the private sector will result in nothing, but trouble for everyone concerned (aside from those earning the benefits). Even though there happen to be a couple of challenges within the development of water privatization, the enhancements in quality, supply, and ...

Introduction

The most efficient mechanisms to offer services and goods are the markets. Nonetheless, markets are not essentially the best means to distribute everything. All the markets need some form of regulation. As a result, a government-run court system ought to be present in all the legal markets to enforce legal contracts. A number of individuals argue that a free market mechanism distributes healthcare most efficiently whereas others disagree arguing that healthcare should be privatized. In fact, a number of people always claim that healthcare ought to be more private than public. The debate about healthcare raises the question of ...

Impact of Privatization induced by Supply Side Economics on Development

After the Second World War, Keynesian theories on Economics developed in the United States and Europe. In the post-war economies, it was believed that development could occur if demand was boosted and more people had money to spend. This is the classical view of Keynesian school of thought in Economics. Thus, idea was to ensure that everyone was employed and everyone had enough money to spend to keep the economy going.
However, the focus of Keynesian economics was focused on demand and said very little about supply. In the 1970s, free market economists like Milton Friedman came up with ...

Article Review: “Prisons, Privatization, Patronage”

Article Review: “Prisons, Privatization, Patronage”
Summary: The article, “Prisons, Privatization, Patronage,” by Paul Krugman aimed to expose the indecency and lies growing within the prison system, beginning with halfway houses in New Jersey . Typically, halfway homes are advertised as a place for prisoners in rehabilitation to find sanctuary as they adjust to the outside world. They are shown as refuges that offer resources for individuals. The New York Times’ investigation however exposed halfway homes in New Jersey to be riddled with underpaid, overwhelmed staff, as well as dangerous inhabitants that did no service for one another. If anything, the ...

Introduction

The US Social Security Program provides a protecting benefit to American employees and their families for retirements, early death, and disability. When we discuss the US Social Security program, it is the largest program launched by the government in the world with the single most expenditure of US$ 612 billion of the 2008 federal budget of US$ 2.9 trillion. When the Social Security plan was launched in 1935, the contributions of 17 workers paid for the benefit of one individual who retired. This estimated ratio is expected to rise to 2.1 workers in 2030. Over 40 million baby boomers ...

Privatization of prisons is one of much debated issues in the United States of America. People have different opinions on this issue. Some believe that prisons should be privatized while others argue that privatizations of prisons questions the capacity of the state. A number of prisons have been privatized in in different parts of America and supporters and opponents of prison privatizations see their effect differently. This paper intends to discuss the issue of prison privatizations and pros and cons of this issue along with presenting a succinct analysis of this subject.
Prisons are an essential component of criminal ...

Should the Social Security System be privatized?

Privatization of the social security system is a vital undertaking that will positively affect all the citizens, especially in their future lives. Some individuals are opposed to this move due to various reasons. However, the positive effects resulting from privatization will evidently be more and weighty as compared to the negatives. The social security system came into existence in 1935. At this time, the Great Depression was at its peak. The inception of the system was to help in providing a substantially subsistence salary for the elderly population of the ...

Should Social Security be privatized? (YES or NO)

Position Statement
My position is that the social security should not be privatized. For long, there have been extensive debates on the issue of privatizing social security. Proponents and opponents of the issue of privatizing social security have argued for their reasons. These arguments cut across economic, political and social aspects. However, I argue for the economic reasons related to the privatization of Social Security. The privatization will have certain economic consequences on the society.

Economic arguments against my position

The arguments against my position are that the Social Security should be privatized. First, there is a pending downfall of Social Security in the ...

We all know how hard it is for government and state correction authorities to manage a prison, especially if it has a lot of prisoners inside. Although the people inside these prisons could be branded as criminals, they are still individuals who have rights. This is why as much as possible; Prison policies are required not to violate any part of Human Rights (Essex, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to address some questions about prison privatization, whether it would be a beneficial thing to do or not and its impact in case it will be implemented.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Prison Privatization

One ...

The Reasons Schools Contract Out their Services to Private Companies

The use of contracting services out to specialized service providers is increasing in school districts nationwide. Two of the most frequent areas where this practice occurs are in the custodial and transportation areas. The primary reason that this subcontracting of services is initialed is to save money. Many districts are struggling financially and service providers tout a huge savings while saving the school district’s administrative and other headaches in the process.
Relieving some of the headaches from administrators might sound well and good, but in truth, however, that in some cases, the subcontracting of services does save school ...

Prisons, Privatization, Patronage

Summary
In June of year 2012, the New York Times has reported certain terrifying news about the system of New Jersey for halfway houses, which privately manage appendages to the regular prison system. The course is a form of analytical reporting that everyone should view, and the course should also be viewed in context. The horrors identified are part of a wider pattern, wherein essential roles of government are being both degraded and privatized.
This article described the news as a terrible story. However, people should see this news in the deeper context of a force nationwide on the ...

A Research

Airport Management and Improving Efficiency

Airports are like gateways of the modern world. The aviation industry has contributed in bringing the world together and enabling globalization to be effective in a major way. It is through the airplanes that people could travel long distances between countries quickly and with improved safety. Airports are where the airplane reaches and the passengers get down to get going to each of their works- either business or pleasure.

With the extent to which the air travel has expanded, it has resulted in the airports to become large and have to handle huge volumes ...

The traditional notion that the state is the source of security for its people is slowly disintegrating. Prison services have been open to private entrepreneurs for investment. Privatization has also increase the number of prison hosting facilities, which has created an influx in the number of inmates. This according to economists and socio-political forces has led to a prison industrial complex due to the holding of the labor force within prison units. This paper will discuss the prison/industrial complex and also look at factors that contributed to its development. Second, this paper will look at privatization and its association ...

Privatization of Prisons: The Good, Bad and Truth of it All

Privatization of prisons in U.S started in 1984 when the first private prison was opened. Since then discussions on private prisons is going on though private prisons in the country has grown rapidly and reached to about 250 in 2002 with a capacity of 105,000 inmates. Being ‘tough on crime’ movement has proved costlier, and increasing government concern on correctional costs. The correctional costs occupy the major portion of the government budget. The downfall in economy and slowdown in financial support is gradually forcing states to revaluate those allocations.
Privatization is an option to cut down the cost ...

Neo-liberalism and Other Current Issues in Public Education

Neo-liberalism is defined as cluster of economic policies advocating for economic liberalization, open markets and free trade. It advocates for the privatization of government owned businesses and enterprises, support for the role of the private sector in the society and deregulation of markets.1 A clear example of the effects of neo-liberalism is where the wealthy keep getting wealthier as the poor people keep getting poorer. Liberalism refers to ideas that are political, religious or even economic. It has been used as a strategy to hinder social conflict in the United States.

Neo-liberalism is more concentrated in shifting the control ...

- In order to establish the basis of this interview the first question that I would like to ask is do you think air traffic should be privatized?
- Do you think that politics is affecting the running of air traffic controller hence privatization being the solution to this problem?
- What are some of the contentious issues that you think affect the controllers of air traffic?
- Will privatization lead to the laying off of controllers and if so how is this going to affect the economy if it does?
- Do you think that privatization of the air ...

Privatization of prisons involves the creation of prisons for profit making purposes. The private prisons are meant for locking up the criminals so as to help the government reduce the congestion of criminals in the government prisons. Privatization of the prisons involves contracting the custody and taking care of the prisoners by the third parties. The contracted parties engage in the business of locking up the criminals at a charge. The owners of the private facilities for keeping prisoners are paid on a monthly basis per each prisoner. The government takes the responsibility of paying the third parties which ...

Neoliberalism is responsible for most of the economic problems we are experiencing today. This paper concurs with the argument. Ideally, neoliberalism refers to a new form of liberalism. Neoliberalism was popularized in the 1930s with the intention of deregulating markets. It essentially refers to the reduction of government action in the market. This leads to free enterprise where private players are let to determine their own destiny with minimum government involvement. Ideally, markets need an amount of regulation and the consequential deregulation has seen a stretch that is too thin than what implementers bargained for. This paper seeks to ...

I think that Jeffery Sachs’shock therapy that was administered to several was successful for the improvements it made on the nations that undertook it. It helped manage price controls and reduce on unemployment. It was even more of a success because the process liberated the markets and eradicated hyperinflation.
Sachs Jeffery an economist saw the falling economies of communist states and took it upon him to find means taking the economies back on their feet. Was Jeffery Sachs successful in his quest to heal nation’s economies through the shock therapy? Did the program bring good or harm ...

Provide an overview of the emerging trend of privatization of jail and prison facilities.

For the past few decades the government correctional institutions started outsourcing their different jail and prison functions to the private agencies. The government took the initiative to privatize the jail and prison facilities to curtail the escalating correctional expenses and to reduce the pressure of inmates from overcrowded prisons. In 1991, number of private prisons was 44, in 1994 it was 88, and in 2000 there were 184 private prisons. (Perrone, D., & Pratt, T., n.d.). From1990 number of inmates in private facilities rose from 7771 to 129336 in 2009, which is an increase of 1664%. The quantum leap of ...

Provide an overview of the emerging trend of privatization of jail and prison facilities.

For the past few decades the government correctional institutions started outsourcing their different jail and prison functions to the private agencies. The government took the initiative to privatize the jail and prison facilities to curtail the escalating correctional expenses and to reduce the pressure of inmates from overcrowded prisons. In 1991, number of private prisons was 44, in 1994 it was 88, and in 2000 there were 184 private prisons. (Perrone, D., & Pratt, T., n.d.). From1990 number of inmates in private facilities rose from 7771 to 129336 in 2009, which is an increase of 1664%. The quantum leap of ...

Jane Addams. Problems of Municipal Administration. January 1905.
Thesis: According to Jane, the problems of municipal administration, and the shame of the cities in America is a result of the reformers’ persistent and over-reliance of outmoded ideas of the eighteenth century. The reformers have no or little faith in the people; hence rely on these ideas used in the ancient times. The author views those who draft the state constitutions and municipal regulations as the kind of authority who loves the people without seeking to know them.
“A man of this generation easily discerns the crudeness of that eighteenth- ...

Governments are fighting to balance their budgets. Therefore, there is a need examine the costs and benefits of the alternatives available for reducing costs and increasing revenues. One alternative is to privatize some of the services, for instance, prisons. Construction of public prisons and privatization of public prisons have advantages and disadvantages. Competition driven, innovation and reduced costs are some of the factors that should be considered when evaluating the available options. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of private prisons vis-à-vis public prisons. There is a general concession that private prisons save reduce government expenditure on ...

‘Even the rain’ refers to a 2010 Spanish drama film. The film got directed by Iciar Bolllain. The film depicts a director and an executive producer who embark on a journey to shoot a film about Columbus’s conquest of the Americas, upon choosing the film location in Bolivia. In the film, the director and the executive producer get faced by a moral challenge when they face protests from the natives. Karl Marx was a political & economical theorist who lived in the 19th century. Marx gets commonly known for his strong views on capitalism and his support for communism. ...

There are varied definitions of common property that exist in various contexts. Its application and use is, therefore, determined by the specific context. Our definition of common property is in relation to real tangible property. Common property in this context of real properties can be defined as a property that is collectively owned by public or a community to which every member of the community has equal right to use and access. Sometimes, the government can own common property. Where government owns common properties, all citizens have a right to use it in various activities. The ownership and product ...

Introduction

Neoliberalism is a form of economic liberalism that offers support on free trade, deregulation, privatisation and reduction in government spending with the aim of enhancing the role of private sector in the economy. Privatization focuses on transferring the control of a given economy from public sector to the private sector. The policy does this with the aim of enhancing efficiency of the government, economic growth and development of the nation (Harvey, 2005).
It is also an economic policy that focuses on monitoring the flow of the market economy thus playing a role in intensifying and expanding the market. It ...

Jane Adams, Problems of Municipal Administration, 1904

Theory: Adams discusses the inadequacies of the municipal administration and the reasons for these inadequacies in this essay article. Adams breaks down the reasons and tries to bring forth the possible remedies of these problems.
The article is a long essay on the failures and breakdowns in the municipal administration and the remedies that can be put forward to bring a change in the structure and functioning of the municipal administration.
The reader gets an ample number of technical reasons and arguments to understand as to why the municipal administration and the democracy of the United States are failing ...

The issue of privatization of public services has become one of increasing interest and debate. Although many agree that privatization can help improve economic conditions, past failures have raised general civil concerns. Many are concerned that these issues regarding the quality and accessibility of services offset the economic benefits obtained by increasing funds to businesses, and past failures tied to privatization. In the past, several industries were commonly privatized. However, in the field of Public Administration more community services are under scrutiny as potential areas for privatization.
I realized from my present studies that government was increasingly run as ...

The Development of Telstra

Introduction
The Australian telecommunication market is currently shared between three main players with the key player being Telstra, an Australian premier telecommunication company with perhaps one of the richest history in light of telecommunications companies in the world. Even though there is a paucity of information touching on the development of the Telstra, and its history, it is indubitable that there are several factors that the role played in formation of the company; factors that if complied proficiently, gives a clear picture of the history of the Telstra. This papers aims at compiling information about the development of Telstra.

Background of Telstra

...

What is the structural adjustment?

Structural Adjustment Programs were instituted to offer countries in need, the opportunity to avail loans from the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank. In place since the first half of the 1980s as an economic policy as such developing countries affiliated with World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) can benefit from it, by the provision of loans qualified on the espousal of such policies(W.H.O, 2014). Elaborating, the loans are associated with circumstances akin to substantial policy reforms, the framework of which must be complied prior to availing the loan (Abugre, 2000).It was intended atevolving the ...

Prisons, Privatization, Patronage

Summary
The article, “Prisons, Privatization, Patronage” by Paul Krugman highlighted that the government’s decision to privatize prisons and related public services, such as halfway houses, has come to face its consequences—escaped prisoners committing crimes all over again, sometimes even worse than what they have been convicted for. Krugman cited The New York Times’ investigative reports on this issue and case stories on what has been taking place in the state of New Jersey. These studies reveal that such private facilities are inadequately managed, with insufficient number of personnel, and poor prisoner monitoring equipment. However, Krugman also articulated ...

Introduction

The government of USA is putting in every effort into ensuring security and safety of the country from crime and terrorism. The public agencies responsible for law enforcement continue engaging in their normal activities of preventing and responding to criminal activities. They are also aided by private security agencies, who engage in equally similar activities. In the US, the estimated number of private security entities is 90,000 with a total of 2 million officers in the service (Cooke, 2014). Private security service providers have been recognized for being the first individuals who respond to a security situation, for ...

Abstract

The paper focuses on the role of commercial banks in the economic revival of transition economies. It explains the transition economy as economy changing from a centrally planned to free market economy. This exposed the economies of these countries to a trading environment for which they were wholly unprepared and which seriously affected their economy. The economy of these countries experienced severe short-term challenges and long-term constraints on their development. Similarly, the employment and inflation increased gradually in these countries. However, the commercial banks managed to finance the viable enterprises, advise the managers, and liquidate non-viable enterprises that managed ...

Everybody wants to lead a good comfortable life with esteem and peace in the society. People pay taxes to their government and in lieu of that government makes policies and implements them through an operational system. There are a number of officials and executives who look after the needs of the society and implement the policies made by the government. These officials and executives serve the society and people as stewards and they are not the masters. They are believed to serve or help the people and this is why they get all the rights, pay, perks and facilities. ...

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Abstract

Overcrowding and scarce resources are among the most persistent problems besetting the correctional industry across the world. One approach being considered is privatizing prisons so governments can redirect resources to other areas in the society. The paper seeks to discuss this approach and establish the utility of such a practice.

Prison Privatization: Global Trends

Handing over operations of prison facilities to the private sector is a disturbing trend that is slowly becoming more and more commonplace as nations are aggressively looking for ways to reduce their spending. Though private sector businesses are recognized for being strict in adhering to efficient operations, ...

James Q. Wilson recommends what guiding principles in making for the most efficient and effective public organizations? How might these recommendations be applied to your understanding of a work organization with which you have had experience?
James Q. Wilson states in his book that government agencies or the public organizations are those bureaucracies which run in numerous ways. But Wilson has emphasized that the public organizations are not like the private enterprises; the major reason is that they have not the aim of maximizing their profits and achieving their goals. Wilson has given two recommendations for the bureaucratic morass ...

Ne Neoliberalism refers to politically motivated ideologies that allowed shifting of economic factors from the public sector to the private sector. According to these ideologies, a government encourages private investors through a series of policies and changes in the market structure. For instance, governments initiated tax reforms in broadening of the tax base, reduced deficit spending, imposed limitation on subsidies, withdrawal of fixed exchange regime, and encouraged privatization. Neoliberalism in the Middle East and Egypt had a significant impact on the socioeconomic and political perspective. Neoliberalism in Egypt ensured free market and private enterprises regardless of socially harmful inflicted ...

Abstract

Access and availability of portable water supplies in arid and semi-arid areas of the world is quickly becoming a large problem. Notably, these semi-arid and arid regions only have the least amount of annual precipitation and account for 2% of the entire global runoff. Water is and will always be the most important resource in the world. This report will investigate the feasibility of different techniques for providing fresh water in the arid and semi arid regions of Liberia.

Introduction

The United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights regard water as a universal human right. In many parts ...

International Marketing Report for Soreen Malt Loaf’s Potential Entry to Brazil

Introduction
Soreen Company was established in the 1940’s by a family known as Soreen. Its headquarters is located in Manchester, in the United Kingdom. The company deals with the baking of the Soreen malt loaf, a common snack in the United Kingdom. The bread is comprised of malt and ingredients such as raisins. It has a sweet taste and a chewy texture, which makes it a favorite snack among the United Kingdom population. The bread has been in the market over 75 years and has increased its sales over the years (Doole & Lowe, 2008, p. 2). This report ...

Yang reports in his publication (Corruption in Asia: China Case) that the Peoples’ Republic of China was ranked position 80 out of 176 countries in the corruption list by the Transparency International in 2012. This ranking placed one of the world’s most significant economies in the same position as three other countries; Serbia, Tobago and Trinidad. By the latest ranking, The Peoples’ Republic of China ranks as more corrupt than most developed countries. China is more corrupt than Burkina Faso, Panama, Jamaica and Peru. The populous country suffers widespread vices related to inequity and misuse of public resources. ...

Response

Response
Privatization of various companies has resulted in provision of efficient services hence reliability. Private companies are reliably managed profitability being their major concern. This gives them morale to perform their services effectively as they have a target profit to achieve resulting to efficient services as compared to the government. The government is not profit oriented; its aim is just provision of services. According to the reading from classics, this is not enough to ensure efficient services are offered (Shafritz & Hyde, 1978). .
With privatization, there is little accountability to the public as they are more concerned of their interest ...

Corrections Corporation of America

Introduction
Correctional facilities, prisons and detention centers play an integral role in the United States justice system. The facilities confine law offenders away from the free society in order to prevent them further implicating harm to themselves and to the community. These facilities are not always solely operated by the government, private-public partnership exists in the objective of putting correctional facilities where offenders can reflect on their actions and serve the judicial punishment for committing the offence. The Corrections Corporation of America is among the private organization working closely with the federal, state and local government to combine innovation ...

1. What do you think about the privatization of prisons?
Privatization of prisons seems a good and beautiful idea from the outside, but its effects are quite negative. Privatization is usually employed by governments to spur efficiency, cost savings and competition. Therefore, privatization is aimed at increasing profits. When this idea is applied to prisons, it does not achieve any meaningful benefit. For prisons to benefit, they have to keep more people locked up. According to ACLU (2012), the business model of private prison companies is dependent on locking up more and more individuals. This has led to massive ...

[Writer’s Name]
McDonaldization of the U.S. Court System

Introduction

The McDonaldization representation is an undemanding systematic perspective to what has been believed a flourishing game plan, therefore pointing to the extraordinary value and development of the US court system this plan has been titled after. The model of McDonaldization is consisted of four important conceptions: predictability, efficiency, calculability and control. There is the term McDonaldization that was emerged by Maryland University professor and, sociologist George Ritzer, to signify the mixture of current day 20th century US functions for example scientific supervision, bureaucratization and assembly line manufacture. The achievement of ...

What is Neoliberalism?

Neo-liberalism has always been liked to “privatization,” “deregulation,” “decentralization,” or “tax reform.” The famous definition of neo-liberalism is by Paul Treanor who defined it under the book “Neoliberalism: Origins, Theory, Definition” as:
“a philosophy valuing the market existence and operation as it is, distinct from any of its previous links with the production of goods and services . . . and where the market and similar structure’s mechanics are seen as normative by itself, enabling the related actors to be ethical and responsible in their human actions and replacing for all the pre-existing moral beliefs (Fish, p. 1).”
Interestingly, neoliberalists discourage ...

Neo-liberalism entails a set of economic ideologies that aim at changing the business environment in favor of private businesses through reduced restriction from the government and reduced levies, with a view of hedging the loss in profit that the private businesses have experienced in the period of the last 25 years.1
Adam Smith a Scottish economist advocated for the eradication of government intervention on economic matters. Smith is the author of The Wealth of Nations published in 1776. Smith advocated that businesses operate without restrictions on manufacturing, without barriers to commerce, and without tariffs. He recommended free trade, as ...

Russian and Cuban Communism

Communism is a political and social movement that aims for a classless state where the means of production is owned jointly by the society. The government is the overall owner of the means of production and ensures the masses share in the distribution of wealth. The communist movement has been prevalent in countries like the USSR. The application varies though in various countries. Russian Communism is better than Cuban Communism because limited political pluralism exists in Russia. The political pluralism though limited in Russia can lead to further reforms in the future where ...

Democracy is not only about water, but it is also about the decisions that affect people on a daily basis, for instance, what they eat and drink. The people of the Andean city of Cochabamba ordinary working people battled with the police as they demonstrated against privatization of water supply in the city. Olivera Oscar was the chief mastermind of the demonstration. The government of Bolivia wanted to sell the supply of the city’s water to a subsidiary of Bechtel Corporation, a US-based company. Privatization and neoliberalism of the public resources have brought no good to the general ...

Introduction

Official corruption regularly, exists in every nation with long haul financial stagnation: on the premise of easygoing induction, it is obvious that the degree of authority corruption in an economy is absolutely corresponded with government administrative action, and contrarily connected with the pace of long-run monetary development and advancement. At the same time relationship does not ensure causation: corruption may be a variable adding to a nation's monetary stagnation; then again, in the vicinity of long-run financial decrease the motivator to take part in degenerate exercises may well increment, and in this manner the causation may run from financial ...

A good fraction of prisons in the United States are privately run (National Institute of Justice, n.d.). Because of the growing concern for the privatization of prisons, the National Institute of Justice run a cost and performance analyses in 2007, and was termed the Taft Studies. The two-edged sword of a privately run criminal justice organizations is it has to comply with a certain standard set by the private funder. While BOP-operated prisons trust their program review. No one can tell whichever is better, but until a single standard is created, we cannot say for sure which is better – ...

A prison is an institution in which individuals are forcibly confined and denied a variety of freedoms under the authority of the state, as a form of punishment to the individuals who have been accused of committing a crime. Prisons are used as part of a criminal justice system where individuals who are criminally charged with or convicted with a crime, are detained. The individuals who are arrested have to be found guilty to be incarcerated in prison.
Apart from punishing criminals for their wrongdoing, prisons are used as tools of political repression to punish political crimes (Pratt & Jeff ...

Introduction

Capitalism refers to a form of political and economic system where country's trade and industry is manned by the private sector, rather the government. Every society is characterized by an uneven distribution of wealth and income. The speculated thoughts help a small percentage of the people in the society to gain control over the majority in the country. Therefore, the minority must, be able to find ways in which they sustain their status quo within the society. The majority group uses myriad ways to battle and be at the top of the prestige minority class. For instance, they convince ...

Organization Behavior

Background
According to Fleury (2011), privatization of the oil companies in Latin America is one of the most discussed topics in management. Petrobras is a semi-public oil company in Brazil with its headquarters in Rio de Janeiro. Historians have narrated that even though there are differences in the cultural aspect of the Latin American countries, their histories can be narrated as one in terms of politics and privatization. Revolutions and independent movements in the early 17th century resulted to the increase in foreign debt and the rise of nationalism among the people.
In early 1930s, Latin American countries governance ...

<Author’s Name>
<Institutional Affiliation>
- What is the difference between a great and an ordinary company? Cite examples of each type of company.
Beyond profit and popularity, a great company values the satisfaction of its employees, customers and suppliers. Employee satisfaction means heightened morale, feels valued and respected by their company. These individuals known as the company’s employees are the face of the brands as they are the one working hard to produce a great output for the company. A satisfied supplier means having a true and great partnership with the companies it pays money ...

Introduction

This essay shall explain in academic, journal-level language, what neoliberal urbanization is. The task requires the student to imagine that he or she has been invited by the editor of Canadian Dimension, to write about the neoliberal urbanization situation in Toronto. The description involves two main ideas. The first concept describes how neoliberal urbanization is characterized, in terms of the transformation of urban space and types of re-structuring of multi-scalar politics. Exploring this aspect speaks to class, gender, and race politics as witnessed ascriptive identity – which is connected with neoliberal urbanization, in general. The second idea explains neoliberal urbanization’ ...

Social Security and Social Insurance Research of Chile

This study is dedicated to overview of the social security and social insurance system of Chile. This country performed transition to personal accounts system and social security privatization over 30 years ago. Many researches consider this reform as a big success, because it made the country economy stronger, financial system healthier and provided more protection to the taxpayers. But there’re also some serious issues in the social security system.
- Social Security Expenditures: A historical perspective and a graph for it.
Chile was one of the pioneer countries in the Western hemisphere that introduced state social security coverage. ...

- Provisions to put in place to protect the residents
The contract to privatize recycling needs to be managed by the city officials. The company should not charge the customers directly. In the contract, there should be provision of a fixed charge to the customers for a pick up for a specific period to avoid instances where the company contracted increases charges without any notice. Borough must track the business data and activities need to be to ensure that it complies with the provision of the contract. That is in efforts to ensure that it safeguards the residents.
- ...