Essays on Justice

384 U.S. 436 (1966)
Character of action: The case was first tried to a jury in Arizona’s Maricopa County Superior Court where the defendant, Ernesto Miranda, was convicted of rape and kidnapping. Miranda appealed the conviction to the Supreme Court of Arizona which affirmed the trial court conviction finding that Miranda’s constitutional rights had not been violated. Miranda then petitioned for the case to be heard by the United States Supreme Court who accepted to hear the case during their spring 1966 term. Oral arguments for the case were heard on February 28, March 1and March 2,

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Law and justice are two aspects of the same coin. While one cannot be without the other, "The Merchant of Venice" by Shakespeare is a play where a conflict between the two is observed and eventually resolved. In the paragraphs to follow, we will compare and contrast the sense of law and judgement as felt by the various protagonists of the play and understand how "Christian sense of justice weighed more than Venetian law in Merchant of Venice." We will be focussing majorly on the court scene, which is calibrated in Act IV of the play.
- Shylock and

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The idea of just society is of great relevance in the modern world. Justice is a quality of providing equality and fairness. It is essentially the quality of giving equal opportunities to people regardless of their background (Sandel, 7). The idea of a just society stretches among various aspects of life. For example, in the court, judges are expected to make a fair ruling to a case. Furthermore, in the corporate world, the employers should only hire employees based on their qualifications. Finally, justice may be applied in the society where the freedom and welfare of all individuals should

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The courtroom is a place where cases are heard and deliberated as evidence is produced to prove whether the accused person is innocent or guilty. Different courtroom varies depending on the hierarchy and the type of cases, they deliberate upon in the courtroom. In the United States, the courts are closely interlinked through a hierarchical system at either the state or the federal level. Therefore, the court must have jurisdiction before it takes upon a case, deliberate, and come up with a judgment on it. The criminal case is different from the civil cases, especially when it comes to

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Main steps to the voir dire process

The voir dire process takes place in different phases with each phase aimed at attaining a given aim. The first phase of this process entails the soliciting of information aimed at unravelling information in the juror’s mind-set. In this phases, there are different skills that are needed to enhance the provision of information by the juror such as the use of open-ended questions and being attentive. The second step is initiating ample relationships with the juror. This step is essential because it prompts the juror’s to offer the requisite and candid information needed from them (Broome, 2012).

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Impact of Technology on Criminal Justice

Impact of Technology on Criminal Justice
Certainly, technology has taken over the world in literal terms. Precisely, there is no societal entity that remains uninfluenced by the influx in the use of various technological innovations that have evolved immensely across various settings all over the globe. The criminal justice system occurs as one of the most comprehensive sectors that have and continue to be influenced by technology. As such, technology plays a critical role in defining the future of various issues aligned with the criminal justice system (Shahidullah, 2012). The most promising technological feature that will have an immense

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Awareness about Justice

The Video “Nelson Mandela: 1918-2013” is a tribute to Mandela by various religious comunities after his demise on December 5, 2013. The things I learnt about justice are:
- Justice can be achieved by peace and non-violence.
- Nations can be won without hating and seeking revenge.
- Mandela got justice to the Apartheid community and turned them into black majority to achieve multi-racial democracy.
- He joined African National Congress to provide justice to the Apartheid community for which he was sentenced to life prison.
- As an idol of peace that he was, he did not seek

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Abstract

This paper will discuss the issue of plea-bargaining in our criminal justice system. It will reflect on the angle of plea-bargaining if it provides a fair and necessary form to service justice in today criminal justice system. This paper will reflect over both advantages and disadvantages with plea –bargaining. It will also reflect over articles related to plea-bargaining. It will reflect over those cases that have victims suffer suffering and plea bargaining. It will explain how the other elements that affected the criminal justice come into play with plea bargaining. It will give a history, importance and explain the

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Discuss the meaning of the life and death of Socrates based on the texts you have read this semester

According to Plato’s apology, he regarded Socrates as gadfly because he was stinging the Athenians culture and politics. This is because Socrates was a critic of the politics and the social life in Athens. This made him have so many enemies in Athens because they believed that he was corrupting the youth. The term gadfly as was used to represent the life of Socrates was first mentioned when one of his friends named as Chaerephone. This was when he went to the oracle of Delphi and asked them if they knew anyone who was wiser than Socrates was.

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Technology can be a lifesaver to the path of criminal justice, yet it also can be a path of darkness. This paper will reflect over technology on it advantages, and it disadvantages within the criminal justice field. It will also reflect over technology that are help and harmful to law enforcement. Last it wills states why this is important throughout the paper.
The technologies advancement we have today is outstanding. We have reached a point where it seems the world of technology is endless with their ability to create countless new concepts. Technology that we did not have back

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Book Review: Fugitive Thought Prison Movements, Race, and the Meaning of Justice

Book Review: Fugitive Thought Prison Movements, Race, and the Meaning of Justice
Seldom are prisoners viewed as people with ideas that can influence the world positively. In most cases, people see the prisoners as lawbreakers and people who are out to cause havoc and disorder in the society. Michael Hames-García however tries to demystify the view that prisoners are bad people out to hurt the society. In his book, Fugitive Thought Prison Movements, Race, and the Meaning of Justice, he refers to the prisoners on the same level as the judges and philosophers. He says that the prisoners

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While much has been hypothesized regarding discovery systems in the field of criminal justice, it is crucial to note that the discovery systems offer a platform in which parties involved in case proceedings share information regarding arguments and evidence to be out forward during trial. The prosecution is perhaps the major legal entity that is vested with the discovery information. Evidently, there exists two forms of discovery systems comprising of closed and open discovery systems. In the closed discovery system, restrictive information is offered the defence whereas in the open discovery system, the prosecution offers a wider array of

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Introduction

Oresteia is a trilogy pitting Greek tragedies that are written by Aeschylus. The trilogy concerns the closing stages of the curse that was cast in the House of Atreus. In its original sense, Oresteia referred to the four plays. However, in the contemporary world, it refers to the surviving trilogy. The primary theme in the trilogy is the change of the pursuit of personal vendetta to a new system that incorporates litigation. The name Oresteia is derived from the character of Orestes, who in a bout on anger and thirst for revenge pursues the revenge of his father’s

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Part one: Punishment of offenders

The justice correction system pay an important role in the society. One significant role which the corrections systems undertakes is punishing offenders (Beccaria, 1996). The concept of punishment and retributions has been part of the American justice system for a while. In analyzing criminal punishment, a number of questions arise. First, what is criminal punishment? Criminal punishment or punishment of offenders is the imposition of hardship to counter some delinquent behavior. Some of the authorized punishments which can be imposed include monetary fines, community service, restitution, prison sentencing and even death. Secondly, what is the purpose of punishments? According

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Part 1: considerations affecting a judge’s decision

The legal process does not occur in a vacuum. A judge, in appreciation of this fact, makes consideration of a number of factors before arriving at a legal decision. Some of these factors include the previous criminal records of the convict, the evidence and facts in the case, the mitigating statements adduced by the accused and the supervening circumstances during the commission of the said crime. This approach is justified by the fact that criminal justice ought to meet both ends of justice. It is imperative to consider both the side of the accused and that of the complainant

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Historically, victims of different crimes were accorded key position in criminal proceedings whereby they are the ones who controlled the whole process of apprehending, charging, and eventual prosecution of offenders. However, the criminal justice system in the contemporary society does not accord victims such privileges. Instead victims are downgraded to mere witnesses whose testimonies can be easily discredited (Beloof, 2012). Evidently, there exist a number of concerns raised by witnesses regarding their participation in criminal justice processes. Above all, the rights of criminal defendants have been expanded significantly by the constitution. Such an expansion of defendants rights makes it

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Civil liberties can be defined as freedoms and civil rights which give individual specific rights. Examples of these rights include freedom from forced labor and slavery, right to fair trial, right of privacy, right of liberty and freedom from torture and death, only to mention but a few. Habeas Corpus on the other hand can be defined as a court order (writ) which commands an official of a government or an individual who had detained or imprisoned another to produce him or her at a designated time and place. This is to enable a court to determine the whether

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Introduction

Cases of miscarriage of justice have been reported in our news channels for many years. Today, thousands of political prisoners languish in jails, all over the world, and they do so, unjustly. Increased terrorism in the 21st century has made it even worse. With wrong convictions as a result of prejudice with regard to ethnicity, religion, activism among other perceived evils, the numbers swell by day. This paper advances the view that the law has been applied selectively in many cases, and especially in America, leading to significant cases of misplaced justice, with regard to victims of terror.
Borchard,

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Restorative justice is concerned with the interrelatedness of the human involvement, and it further offers an alternative framework for resolving different conflict and the resulting harm. It seeks to with the issue of how to make things right. Within the context of criminal justice, the implication of making things right simply means identifying the harm suffered by the intended victim, making the offender accountable for his actions, as well as reestablishing social interactions within the society. It provides the involved parties a chance to repair the harm suffered. Each stakeholder has a story to tell (Jane and Carol 130).

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Thomas Aquinas once said that a just law is one which serves the general good, promotes religion, distributes burdens in a fair manner, and that which is within the authority of lawmakers. This justice perception worked for the general good, but the position of religion and religious values in the modern secular legal system, got it criticized. This limitation led to the development of the concept of distributive justice, which produced other theories of justice.

Utilitarianism.

The conception behind utilitarianism can be found in John Stuart Mill’s work. Mill suggests that justice comprises of things that are not only

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Juvenile justice system is designed to ensure appropriate treatment for offenders who are not adult. Separate norms, procedures, laws, provisions, and institutions are provisioned for juvenile offenders in almost every civilized society of the world. There are different provisions for adolescent offenders and they should be treated in different and not like other criminals. Missouri model has been emerged as a very effective model to treat such offenders. This paper intends to discuss juvenile justice system, Missouri model of juvenile justice and other related aspects.
Thousands of teenagers are behind bars, facing very torturous conditions in different countries across

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TEXAS CRIMES

Likert scale format is used to measure the level of attitude of somebody towards a research finding. It was first introduced by Rensis Likert in 1932. It’s used in surveys to formulate questionnaires where the Likert items are used to measure the attitude of people towards that question (Brown, et al. 2013). The Likert items include: strongly agree, agree, not decided, disagree and strongly disagree. The following are questions formulated from the Texas crime Research that I did:
- It has been noted that Mexican drug-smuggling cartels have shifted to Texas border after Arizona border was secured. Has

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Philosophy

The actions of Virginia Edgerton are permissible and obligatory. As a senior information scientist who was assigned to the project for New York City’s Criminal Justice Coordinating Council since 1977 and who had 13 years of data processing experience, she is already considered as an expert in her field. Hence, she raised a legitimate issue when she judged that adding in to the new system will cause the overloading of the current system that will cause a delay in the response time for dispatching emergency vehicles. Based on her knowledge and experience, the action to be taken can

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Plato was a classical Greek philosopher just like his teacher Socrates and also a great mathematician. He is known for the writing and the publishing of Socrates dialogues and his life journey as well. He is also credited with the founding of the first institution of higher learning, the Academy which was situated in Athens. He had great contributions in the forming of the foundations of science and western philosophy, especially concerning politics.
Plato’s political views come from a one specific idea of justice. When putting up his political conceptions, his fundamental guidance was revolving round justice walls.

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One of the relevant issues in modern justice is the issue of equality. Justice is a right to everyone despite his nationality, gender, or race. However, at times these variances have influenced justice system of the country. The financial status, gender, and race of a person have influenced how he is in the justice system of the country. The notion of creating stereotypes and associating these stereotypes with certain groups has influenced justice system in the country greatly. These stereotypes influence the arrest, prosecution, and verdict of a person. These stereotypes determine whether a person gets justice or not.

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(Insert Instructor)
(Insert Course)
(Insert Date)
Plato’s Republic and J.S. Mill
1. The success of any society relies greatly on its strategies or approaches of facilitating and ensuring justice and morality. In the Republic, we note Plato emphasizes on the moral health of the community. His other concern was the art, which he was of the opinion it influenced one’s soul through its persuasions. He observed that citizens exposed to symbols of evil they gradually embrace the evil into their souls especially, if guidance or direction is lacking. For instance, animals grazing in the pasture of poisonous

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- The jury is a common phenomenon in America’s criminal justice system

Strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly disagree

- Innovations in jury trials will improve the jurors’ understanding of DNA evidence.

Strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly disagree

- The three stages of jury selection produce a fair and an unbiased jury.
Strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly disagree
- The trial by jury is entrenched as a fundamental right of an accused person in the U.S. constitution.
Strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly disagree
- The jury trial safeguards the rights of an accused person and incorporates the essentials of a criminal justice.
Strongly agree agree undecided disagree strongly disagree

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Introduction

The end purpose of human beings is to be good when it comes to acting rationally in order to achieve happiness. Achievement of happiness is the central purpose of human life; it dictates that human beings pursue happiness as a virtue and it is the end or purpose of human beings (Plato, 515c).

Elements or means of achieving happiness

There are five key elements of happiness as understood from Greek philosophy. The first of these is good physical and mental health. Thales and other Greek philosophers stated that the absence of pain and the full functioning of the human body and mind contribute in making

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Magistrates and judges must take into consideration a wide variety of factors in determining the sentencing of offenders. The sentence must primarily coincide with the statutory guidelines that implicated in the Crimes Act 1999 (Sentencing Procedure) (NSW), and guidelines set out by the judicial system that creates precedent for all the magistrates and judges within the country. In regards to the extent of the law the purpose of sentencing fundamentally include, incapacitation, rehabilitation, retribution, and deterrence. In regards to victims, the challenge in achieving a balance in the rights into consideration is their right to make their object complaint

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The environmental justice movement in the United States was led by the civil rights churches which poured much of its resources and efforts into the environmental movement. This was as a result of the realization by the Church that environmental protection and justice were just but expressions of some of their social engagement. This movement was known as the religious environmental movement since the church was a central figure in the whole movement. Indeed, in recent times, theologians have developed the term” eco-justice” to mean or reflect a universal aspiration for the right relationship between man and earth. This

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1. Why does methodology matter to the field of international relations, and how?

Introduction

Many relations exist between organizations. These relations are responsible for the actions that happen between these organizations. The broader groups such as countries as well as international organizations employ these strategies in ensuring that they maintain relations between each group. These relations help these countries and other organizations help each other through exchange of ideas or aid methods.

This methodology is very important to the field of international relations. Qualitative methods have made major countries come up with solutions to their problems as well as major

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The Groveland case involved a young white couple, Willie and Norma Padgett, who reported to the police that, in the predawn hours of July 16, 1949 while on their way home from a dance, their car stalled on the road after which four black men Irvin, Shepherd, Earnest and a teenager Charles Greenlee came to offer help to them. These couple claimed that, unfortunately the four men beat up and threw Willie out of the car as they drove away with Norma, a seventeen year old lady. Norma reported that she was gang raped by the four blacks. However,

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Summary

The success of the US economy should be measured on its ability to touch human life and protect human dignity. The article is written to address the effects of the US economy on the human life. It is an invitation to Catholics to analyze the Christian faith, economy, governance, and society. The letter is not aimed at advancing the economic discourse. However, it examines the moral principles from the Scripture and social teachings of the Church aimed at establishing what economic life should serve.
Economic life of a society should be discussed and shaped by its effect on human,

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The chosen Broadway show is 'Les Miserables'. The musical tells the story of two people's lives and how their conflict effects people around. The time of the story is French revolution France. The main characters are Jean Valjean, a convict trying to change his life; Javert, a policeman who is obsessed with his own perception of justice and considers catching Valjean his personal goal. Changing his life Valjean takes the name of Monsieur Madeleine and runs his own fabric. The woman called Fantine works at his fabric. She is an unwed mother of a girl Cossette, whom Fantine left

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Introduction

On a casual day, there are about 81,000 children (263 out of every 100,000 youths ages 10 through the state’s upper age of original juvenile court jurisdiction in the overall population) being imprisoned in a juvenile justice residential placement (Children’s Defense Fund, 2012). In addition, there are about 7,560 children placed in adult jails and 2,778 in adult prisons (Children’s Defense Fund, 2012). This is a very detrimental and inhumane condition.
In the general American justice system, the process of treating juveniles as adults is a risky proposition. This is because juveniles

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Most significant purpose of any legal system is to punish guilty and defend those who are innocent. There are two common criminal justice trial systems, inquisitional system and adversarial system, that are used to determine whether an alleged person is guilty or not. Both these legal system ensure that guilty should be punished but any innocent person should not suffer in the hands of law however different measures are applied by inquisitional system and adversarial system in this process.
Both legal systems are capable in adjudicating disputes irrespective of the fact that both systems have been developed in different

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The State Judicial Selection Process

Judicial Selection Process Of Florida
In the state of Florida, the judiciary is composed of four different areas (McClellan, 1991). These are: the county courts, the circuit courts, the district court of appeals and the supreme court. The judicial selection process is not a very complicated one. The appellate judges are chosen through merit. This process involves retention and they can become trial judges if they are chosen during nonpartisan elections. The vacancies in these trial courts are usually filled after the governor chooses candidates who are recommended. These are done through what are called judicial nominating commissions.
During

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The fundamental concept of the criminal justice system is to identify the conduct that can harm individuals and the community and for the state to provide an appropriate measure to prevent, control and punish criminal acts (Purpura, 1997). There are various branches in the criminal justice systems that are involved in the effective implementation of the law and to punish the offenders. Five system components of the criminal justice systems are identified namely the law enforcement, prosecution, defense attorneys, courts and corrections with each playing an important role in the systematic implementation of the criminal justice system both in

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Introduction

A policy is a guideline or protocol which governs the decisions made in a certain institution or country. Criminal justice policies are meant to govern all the decisions made within a criminal justices system. Decisions made in this system have a great impact on the lives of the individuals undergoing the justice system and therefore the policies in such a sector need to be made in a very careful manner. It is imperative for every person to understand the criminal justice policy making process it may affect them at one point of their lives(Althaus, et.al,2007).
Policy development

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Project Title

Introduction
Juvenile Justice System is a system established to handle and tackle juvenile delinquency. The system comprises of several juvenile courts across the United States, which are bestowed with the responsibility of juvenile delinquency. The system works on the fundamental principal of deterring juveniles from crimes through reforming them. Adult juvenile system is a system established to tackle and handle cases of adult criminals. The adult justice system has mechanisms that guarantee adults are punished for crimes committed. Juvenile and adult justice systems have several similarities in terms of their rights and responsibilities. However, it is also apparent that

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