Essays on Victimization

Sending a child to a school or a kindergarten, all parents expect their children to study there and to make friendship with the peers. The children are supposed to spend a lot of time in these establishments, so the school or the kindergarten must become a place the child likes and feels comfortable. But sometimes the parents can notice that instead of being happy, active, and excited about the time spent at school, children come home sad, depressed, and low-spirited. Of course, there may be thousands of reasons – bad marks, problems at school, illness or just a bad mood. ...

The article is a discourse on criminal justice, assessing the role of the bourgeois intellectuals who have in time over assigned contradicting explanations to criminal justice and prescribed prejudiced proposals on the role and extent of punishment of petty offenders. The paper covers the role of the political economy in influencing the views of these intellectuals, and the interplay between politics and the world view of these realists. It also looks at the investment made in criminal justice and the role of law enforcement in protecting the middle class from crimes and victimization resulting from such inter-class prejudice. According ...

Media has a strong influence over individuals. People’s attitudes and behaviors are changing by every passing day. They intend to use the media that improves their mood. The media selection is up to them. Their selection will change their negative mood to positive. Mood management is dependent on the mental and physical health of the population. It applies differently to every individual either young or adult. Disorders like depression are troublesome. Depression has a significant impact on the individual’s behavior and also results in extended sad feelings . Different age groups have a diversified impact on mood due ...

Q. 2 In the American society just as is the case in other societies, perceptions, attitudes, and reactions or response to rape and family or domestic violence victimization differ significantly in various respects. According to Siegel, when it comes to violent crimes such as rape and domestic violence, perceptions about victimization differ based on the offender and the victim’s gender (68). Further, Ben-David and Schneider claim that the attitudes and beliefs about gender roles influence perceptions on rape with the possible explanation being the belief in rape as a sexual act and socially accepted stereotypes about rape (389). ...

Examining criminals and victimization

What two theories do you think would be most helpful in understanding the crimes of the author's bogeyman? Rational choice theory Social structure theory Are there elements that we still need to know to formulate a better understanding of the bogeyman's behavior? The social heritage of the bogeyman is particularly important in determining if there has been a criminal manifestation in their lineage. While crime remains a decision, it can as well be acquired from a criminal lineage. Some might find it very attractive when there is evidence within the family hierarchy of successful criminals. The socio-political environment at ...

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to show how the western media reported the Sino Japanese war and how China and Japan were portrayed. Several news reports portray the Chinese as being aggressive and violent individuals thus presenting the perception of the Chinese as being less victimized in the war. In contrast, the western media portrays the Japanese as being a rational and courteous group of people while their negative roles and atrocities in both world war II and Sino Japanese war have been overlooked. This paper will further identify the underlying reasons for ideological inclinations of wartime reporting. ...

1. Crime is one of the major problems in society. It is worth noting that there are various mechanisms that the criminal justice system uses to analyze and prevent criminal activities. Crime analysis s is a critical role that is associated with law enforcement agencies. It entails the systematic analysis for analyzing and identifying the trends and patterns in crime. Crime analysis continues to expand in law enforcement agencies around the world. In crime analysis, there are critical approaches of profiling; it includes the deductive and inductive approaches. There are the differences between inductive and deductive methods of crime ...

While previously the holistic development and wellbeing of the population of the United States of America has been thwarted by the social ill of racism, the modern era sees a different kind of problem that might be surmised to have found its root in the long dark history of racial discrimination in the country’s milieu. Legal steps and general awareness have ensured that racism is not practiced or advocated in the country in any manner. Nonetheless, the series of events where people of the black community have repeatedly come to be on the receiving end of undue violence ...

Abstract

Over the past years, the criminal justice system has experienced both praises and criticism involving the manner in which various officers enforce law and order. While most officers strive to ensure sanctity and order prevail among all equals, a section of the officers overlook the art of humanity and apply undue force to innocent and suspected individuals. Unfortunately, the blanket of corruption shields the officers from prosecution in the effort to safeguard the exposition of the inner affairs of the police culture. Corruption broils police brutality and individual victimization with unwarranted allegations as a weapon to silence their sufferings. ...

Introduction

How does the factor of gender impact the concept of violent offending? One of the most commonly held notions is that males have a higher propensity to commit violent crimes compared to women. This holding is one of the most widely held concepts in the area of criminology. However, there is a growing debate as to the scope of the “gender gap” in terms of violent offending has shifted in recent years. A number of commentators hold that the gap is described in terms of its stability; others proffer that there is an observable closing of the gap, particularly ...

Inductive and Deductive Profiling

Inductive profiling goes by the assumption that known and unknown criminals of a categorical offending host certain similar features in spite of different crime scenes. As such, the law enforcement agencies apply the traits of known offenders and past crimes to the identify suspects, who are the unknown subjects. Although this form of profiling is ideal for rapid generation of leads to potential culprits, it may be challenging given that different individuals may engage in similar behavior for different reasons (Yonge, & Jacquin, 2013). Hence, inductive profiling relies on group data in the identification of suspects. The classification systems of ...

Crime rates have increased drastically among the children and adults in the society over the recent years. Poor parenting, altruism, and prosocial learning has been associated with violence among the children. Therefore, the paper will focus on the role that poor parenting, altruism and prosocial education play in the development of violent behavior in individuals. The knowledge shared by authors of various articles supports these ideas. It will discuss the relationship that exists between aggression and self-esteem. The paper will summarize the complete knowledge covered as well.

The relationship between aggression and self-esteem

A debate on the relationship that exists between self-esteem and aggression has ...

Since the 1990s, crime rates in the United States have remained relatively low though with a few instances of deviation with increase in crimes. Many criminologists and agencies such as the FBI have attributed this downward trend in crime rates in the US to factors such as improved policing strategies, an enlarged law enforcement and enhanced crime surveillance technologies (Schmalleger 152). However, according to the2012 National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) report authored by Truman, Langton and Planty, “in 2012, for the second consecutive year, violent and property crime rates increased for US” (Truman, Langton & Planty 1). According to this ...

Discrimination in the place of work has been a barrier to the United Kingdom's development. The constitution of the country recognizes that everyone is equal. In 2010, the Equality Act was promulgated with an aim of reducing economic and social disparities within the United Kingdom. Following its promulgation, the business community expressed their concerns on its implication. This paper is set to examine the United Kingdom Equality Act 2010 as well as its consequences for the business community. The Equality Act 2010 was introduced with the view of ensuring that discrimination in the workplace is eliminated. Certain characteristics are ...

Spousal abuse is defined as any abusive conduct, whether a single instance or several instances and discrete or regular, between sexual or intimate partners who are married, living together of even dating . It is often treated interchangeably as domestic violence which is how most legal frameworks address spousal abuse. Domestic violence is defined as any act that causes bodily harm, physical harm, or emotional harm conducted against a family member . The interchangeability of definition with domestic violence can diminish the nature of and the extent of victimization involved in spousal abuse. An intimate sexual relationship like marriage has a ...

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Research Methods in Criminal Justice

text text In schools all around the world we hear about kids that are taking their lives due to being bullied in school. Just thinking about being bullied sets my teeth on edge, I will tell you guys why later on, but for now, let me say this it is not a pretty feeling to go through. “According to a report by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 70.6 percent of students have witnessed bullying in their school. A survey by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2014 that included 7,000 LGBT students ...

Criminal Law

Methodological Approach The proposed research is intended to determine the effective approach by police officers regardless of gender in addressing complaints of rape victimization. It is apparent that rape victims are hesitant in reporting the incident due to fear of being misunderstood by the authorities. Hence, the rape victims particularly women are more comfortable reporting their experience to the police officer of the same gender. However, it should not be the case because law enforcers regardless of gender should be able to handle rape complaints effectively through proper communication protocol in order to create a pro-active response for immediate ...

People used to behave foolishly and make a lot of mistakes during their life. For the most part, three years of Middle school is considered to be exactly such period of time. Middle school is also believed to be a quite dangerous territory. Children unnoticeably transformed into “teenagers”, a new title they are not fully aware of. Some misunderstand this title as the right to admit themselves better than the rest and even humiliate or offend weaker people. On the one hand, due to the maturity, many pupils began to notice considerable differences between people. On the other hand, ...

Introduction

Adolescence is a time when a person’s physical, psychological, social and cognitive growth is of great importance. During this time, the person is not a child and they are not yet an adult and some of the choices made at this time in regards to their health, lifestyle, and attitudes can be continued into adulthood. People in this stage are greatly influenced both academically and socially by social interactions. Some relationships established in academic institutions with peers and authority figures are said to be major socializing agents, especially for middle school students. Even though school is considered a ...

Prediction of PCL-R Scores

Psychopathy is defined as a mental disorder that is normally characterised by an individual always carrying out his activities in a manner that is selfish and manipulative and they always lack remorse. In addition to this, they are always in most instances emotionally detached from the public in that, they are always anti-social and further have the callous-unemotional traits. It was further realised, that in cases that the an individual shows these traits, then he or she ends up not caring that much about the people around him or her.Over the years researchers have had in place various theses ...

Children and youth in correctional institutions are extremely vulnerable. They come most often from disadvantaged families, and in many cases, they have experienced trauma or victimization before reaching the correctional institutions. The official role of the correctional institutions is to rehabilitate young delinquents (Davidson-Arad, Benbenisthy & Golan, 2009). Once in the care of the state, they should be protected from further victimization, and helped to overcome their traumas, so as to be reintegrated into the society successfully, and to become healthy and active members of their communities. However, in many cases, correctional institutions become the settings for new forms of ...

Different cyber-crimes are a global threat in the modern world since the world relies heavily on the social life. The increase in the utilisation of the modern technology makes the organisational systems prone to cyber-attacks by hackers and non-digital criminals. Various research findings developed by different researchers reveal that there are different crimes best explained by several theories. Among the theories that explain the global rise cases of digital crime cases is the routine activities theory. Despite explaining digital crimes, the routine theory explains non-digital crimes. Another major theory that explains the occurrences of digital crimes is the Lifestyle ...

The proliferation of the internet and the ubiquity of the smartphone have resulted in people being able to access the internet anytime and anywhere. Today most public places like shopping malls provide Wi-Fi services for customers to access the internet. Most cellular services now come with data services as well. In fact, most people now prefer to use their smartphone for internet access instead of investing in computers and broadband connection . From banking transactions to reading newspapers, everything is now done online. Another phenomenon that has been growing steadily over the years is the use of social media over ...

Discussion of the problem and it’s prevalence in the country

A healthy relationship is defined by various factors, these include proper communication between partners, the existence of mutual trust and respect and most importantly, both partners should be able to understand each other, appreciate and embrace their differences (Brown & Bulanda, 2008). These conditions are necessary to ensure that partners are always in a position to resolve any matters arising between them in an amicable and rational manner without any violence. This scope of activities require certain skills that are unfortunately not found amongst the young adults; it’s as a result of lack of these skills amongst young adult ...

Fierce Oppression of Youth against Grownups in the National Crime Abuse Study

The research question in this article is a comprehension of youth victimization characterization and explicit comparisons between the adults and youth victimization from secondary data sources. National crime victimization survey was used to rate the comparison of violent youth victimization aged between 12 and 17 and adults. 1994 data analysis showed that teens were substantially prone to be violent crime victims than adults, and they are usually afflicted due to crime-related injury. There were big differences between adults and children present in blacks and whites, males and females and people from different regions. Some of this survey results in ...

Bullying, while physical in nature, can have lasting social and psychological consequences that can profoundly effect the emotional and cognitive development of young people. Aggressive behaviors, both in traditional settings and in the virtual realm, have been shown to have deep and lasting challenges to their capacity for personal relationships, emotional stability, and overall success. This is true for both the victims of bullying and the bullies themselves. In assessing the research that has been done in the field of bullying it will be possible to establish a general criteria to determine the overall consensus in regards to the ...

Abstract

Domestic violence is a worldwide issue. In 1993, the United Nations General Assembly created a declaration to help eliminate violence against women. Since then, ample research has been conducted on both the effects and individuals who conduct domestic violence. Over the years, researchers have discovered that certain personality traits that become apparent in childhood are also apparent in perpetrators of domestic violence. These studies suggest that children and adolescents who display these personality traits should be placed in early intervention treatment in order to limit the likelihood of domestic violence abuse during adulthood. The following discusses five different personality ...

Introduction

Members of the LGBT or Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender community in 2016 probably are accepted more in society than even a decade ago. A research report published by the Pew Research Center in 2013 showed that over 55% Americans viewed LGBT members favorably which was a rise by almost 20% when compared to 2003. Lesbians were viewed slightly more favorably than gay men – 58% people had a favorable opinion about lesbians while only 55% had a favorable opinion about gay men. In contrast 92% of LGBT community felt that they had been accepted by society. In sharper contrast, ...

Types of Social Challenges Faced By Indian Students in Melbourne Tertiary Universities

Overview of existing research Whereas there have been worrying acts of hostility, Australia is commonly considered an excellent practice country in its international student experiences, migration policies, and assimilation of people from diverse backgrounds. Despite a normally upbeat track record, room and chance for improvement are always there, as recent shortcomings in the experiences of international students in Australia indicate. Recently, foreign students living in Australia have been physically attacked and in fact murdered. Victimization is a shameful and painful experience and must not be condoned in any institutional arrangement or public policy, yet, it still happens even in ...

Executive Summary

The research identifies that Florida is a high-risk state in terms of human trafficking. In line with this, there is the need for some kind of urgent policy formulation that will deal with the needs and requirements of the state. The problem of Florida is complicated by its location and its cultural make-up which includes a lot of Hispanic Americans. The policy brief identifies that there are three options available including supply-chain tracking, victimization policy and a proactive and coordination oriented method. Supply-chain tracking is deemed as expensive and a bit unworkable at the other side of the border. ...

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant Program under any special circumstances under which this research is being done and considered.

Abstract

The importance of social media effects on families and communities has been determined by the research findings based on the investigation of existing literature. The principal objective of the study is to examine the influence of social media on our everyday life. Besides, another investigative goal is to identify possible consequences that social media may bring. Therefore, this study implies the utilization of both secondary research and primary research approaches. The expected ...

Crime statistics remains an essential component in the field of criminology that helps in formulating effective criminal justice policy. For over four decades, the Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR), the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), and its predecessor National Crime Survey (NCS) has been used in the United States to gather crime statistics. These methods have been used at the national level to estimate the crime and changes in the crime rates in the United States. Such data has helped the policymakers to develop sound policies that help to mitigate the problem of crime in the United States' societies ( ...

Dance is an art that allows people to express their feelings through body movements. It is also an art that is used to entertain as well as bring people of different cultures together. Dances have also been used as a historical tool to identify people from different ethnic background, age groups and different social setting in addition to being utilized as a tool for harmonizing different people in a social event. People brought together through dancing are able to learn different cultures, thus learning how to respect and appreciate cultural and social diversity. It is common to see people ...

The FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program represents the coordinated efforts of more than 18,000 crime-reporting bodies throughout the United States. It comprises the voluntarily-reported data of law enforcement agencies at the city, state, university, county, federal, and tribal level. In place since 1930, the UCRP continues to amass statistical information about the frequency and types of crime brought to its attention. Each year, it provides data on the number of reported major crimes and Part 1 offenses, which include forcible rape, murder, aggravated assault, grand larceny, motor-vehicle theft, burglary, and arson. The UCRP also annually provides information ...

The enactment of the Black Codes took place after the Civil War and at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era. The Reconstruction Era was a period that focused on the transformation of the United States (“Reconstruction: The Challenge of Freedom”, n.p). The Black Codes were passed with the aim of restricting the freedom of the African Americans. The laws also had the capability of compelling the blacks to work for low wages or debt in the labor economy (“Black Codes”, n.p). The enactment of the Black Codes should not have taken place as it was a propagation of racial ...

The Complexity of the Cross

Perception and perspective is often considered one’s reality. This notion forces one to acknowledge their own perceptions and perspective, particularly when it comes to their faith as they solidify and identify their own beliefs. For those who belong to the body of Christ, each member has its own journey formulating a testimony that is based on a personal relationship that is rooted in the loving grace of Jesus Christ. Within each life with Christ, there are complexities that only the grace of God can heal. In spite of life’s injustices, evil forces, sinful flesh, and degradation, the ...

Discrimination at workplace

Abstract A number of citizens have fallen victims of discriminatory practices at their work places. The effects of discrimination in the workplace may be so severe, some causing serious traumas and emotional problems. Discrimination at work place occurs when an employer takes an adverse action against an employee or even a prospective employee due to protected attribute. Such discrimination leads to inequality and unfairness in the workplace where some employees are denied basic rights compared to others. This paper presents a proposal on how to end discrimination at work place. The paper argues that ending discrimination in the workplace ...

Introduction

Over the decades, the United States of America has been an egalitarian human society that has dedicated its resources to the eradication of women inequality and racism (Katz & Moore, 2004). Besides, it has formulated numerous legislations to push for equality for women, emancipation of slaves, and civil rights movements that aimed to promote equal treatments of the American Society (Katz & Moore, 2004). Despite these tremendous steps, racism and gender discrimination in the workplace still continues to be prevalent. In particular, women and minority groups like African-American have been the main target of this discrimination. The discrimination takes various forms ...

Introduction

Effective parenting is essential to the moral development of a child. In fact, lack thereof compromises the ethical beliefs maintained by the child, and this could result in the indulgence in unacceptable behaviors. According to the Journal of Family Violence, females are more vulnerable to the effects of distant parenthood than the male gender (Bowles, Dana and Jennifer 681). As a result, witnessing traumatizing events in their early developmental stages could negatively affect their social abilities and integration with other people. With this in mind, it is worth appreciating the fact that most of the female inmates had instances ...

Introduction

A removal of the adverse practices of child labor forms the central goal of the International Labor Organization (ILO). There are more than one challenging illustrations pertaining to the poorest methods of child labor, which are elaborated in different economic studies. A research conducted by a group of scholars reveals that the assessment of the worst procedure is about child labor . The notion is found to be specifically significant due to the central objective of ILO to eliminate the adverse practices of child labor. The International Labor Organization in the year 1999 showed the initials on convention C182. The ...

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has remained to be an unfinished agenda in the world today as halfway through the intended period when they were to be achieved not so much has been gained. In Thailand, the people are still battling HIV and Aids, and it remains to be a pandemic that is yet to be contained. Studies indicate that of the total population of 60 million people in Thailand, around 440, 000 were living with HIV and Aids by the year 2013 (Fordham, 2015). Further, about 18,000 people had succumbed to the disease in that year ...

The purpose of the research is to investigate how bullying in elementary education can affect child’s learning experience. Bullying exists on many educational levels, but it is very important for that educational leadership evaluate the bullying phenomena and the prevention of the problems. Researching the influence of bullying in the elementary education is very important. Therefore, children are developing their ideas of self and social condition. My aspirations focus on educational leadership and administering safety in schools. Bullying is an issue may compromise student safety, thus it is crucial for educational leaders to investigate bullying. In addition to, ...

According to the report "Child Maltreatment 2014" produced by the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACFY) within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services the fundamental definition of child maltreatment is "any act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which present an imminent risk of serious harm" (8). As of today, in conformity with the rules and regulations of the majority of states, there are four basic types of child maltreatment, ...