Essays on Government

Non- compliant students are individual students who refuse or fail to adhere and follow school instructions offered by the school authority or rules in school. Non- compliant students may often fail to accomplish school chores like assignments and activities assigned to them. The students defy rules and authority every time they ought to follow school rules. The students may defy their teachers and authority when the matter surfaces. They openly defy the rules offered and seem never apologetic. Some individuals may pleasantly, charmingly and at times apologetic when the issue comes to their attention. They plead with the authority ...

Introduction

It is the nature of human beings to live in communities which are commanded by leaders. Usually people endeavor to become great and admired leaders to their subjects. Scholars have attempted to suggest how to become good leaders in each era of existence. Machiavelli is among the educated people who have put forward suggestions on how to become great leaders. He suggested the methods of becoming a powerful prince through many illustrations and a narration of Kings who lived in the past. Lao Tzu on the other hand suggested different methods of becoming great leaders. The writings of ...

Summary and evaluation of articles

The Sarbanes Oxley Act was intended to create sanity in management of corporations in the U.S. Ten years down the line, the Act has been appreciated for its successful approach in creating a state of accountability in the management of companies. Today, the citizenry and investor organizations trust corporate governance reports and statements. According to authors of the Sarbanes Oxley Act implications, changes have been witnessed in the management and the degree of independence of both auditors and the board of directors. These changes are expected to occasion a consequential improvement in the way ...

A constitution is a written document embodying the fundamental states principles. Through the constitution, certain rights of people are guaranteed. It also establishes the conception and character of the United States government by prescribing the government’s duties, powers, and organization. Constitutional amendments are always anticipated. This is because the authors of the constitution are neither prescient nor infallible. Allowing constitutional change is a method of saluting democracy in any government, America being a democracy. These echoes the words of Thomas Jefferson of Each generation has the right of choosing for itself the form of government it feels is ...

It has been 11 years since the day “September 11, 2011” became synonymous to the term terrorism and the anti-terrorism campaigns of the international community. The attack became the start of the US’ fight against the various terrorist groups around the globe, targeting the higher ups of groups such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban. However, looking back on the day of the attack, one can wonder as to how the US federal government responded upon the attacks and how it utilized its forces to ensure the safety of the onlookers and the rest of the state. While the ...

The negative effects of some global economic practices on the planet and society’s health prompted voluntary organizations to establish frameworks that aim at standardizing CSR initiatives (Benn & Bolton, 2011). There is a lack of a worldwide-standardized CSR governance structure and the voluntary organization frameworks attempt to come up with these structures. A challenge that would undermine the goal of voluntary organization networks and similar initiatives is the political interference of corporations in the implementation of policies that would negatively affect their business returns.

Fooks et al. (2011), reports that since the year 2000, the British American Tobacco (BAT) ...

1. Explain the role of each of the five components of Mintzberg’s logo.

a. Strategic apex

According to the arguments of Mintzberg, a strategic apex refers to the system that is characteristic in organizations where leadership lies with the top management. In such a system, all the power lies with the top managerial staff; often one person. In this case, this controller of power could be the sole owner of the business. Such bureaucratic establishments are also characteristic with flexible, informal and basic structures comprising of few staffs or middle-line hierarchy. ...

Historians may not agree on whether higher education started in Oxford, Bologna or Paris. However, they do agree that it was started around the 13th century. This paper will review the history of higher education with the view of pinpointing important topics from that era that have been carried forward to the modern system of higher education.

Aspects of the history of higher education carried over to the modern system

Though they have been modified to some extent, some of the aspects highlighted here manifest continuity of the tradition from the olden days of higher education. The academic costume used in the modern education system has some element of tradition in them. ...

Elite theory

The elite theory posits that the power, control and influence on government and corporations are vested on the minority. Indeed the American democracy is essentially a classical example of the elite theory. This is because of the lobbyists system of governance practiced in Washington. A perfect example of the rule of minority can be deduced on the Obamacare law that essentially gives insurances the opportunity to exploit the masses through the compulsory subscriptions as necessitated by the legislation. Thus far, no credible evidence can contradict the elite theory.

Charles Beard’s argument

The argument on property rights protection is attested by the fourth ...

1. Claims of Globalism

Globalism is mesh of inter-reliance at a multi-continental level whereby, there is exchange of people, information, and capital between continents. An increase in Globalism is termed as Globalization while a decrease is De-globalization.

Globalization integrates global markets and liberalizes them

Globalism integrates global markets via the inter-reliance among the continents and liberalizes global markets through the divide between a state’s economy and the government, such that there is minimal interference from the government. The absence of government interference increases social interaction among the continents and the exchange of technology, labor, and wealth.

Globalization is unavoidable and permanent

The establishment of inter-reliance among the continents has been ...

What re some myths about family life in the U.S.?

One of the biggest myths about family life in the U.S. was the myth about the stable and harmonious families that was famously depicted in 1950, even up to some 21st century films wherein the father and every member of the family enjoys their life as a part of that family. The father works hard to provide for his family, while the mother simply does the household chores. According to Eitzen et al. (2009), most husband-wife relationships were empty and in reality, members of the society lived under single-parent family banners with step-parents taking care of them. Divorce was ...

The Tribal Law and Order Act Of 2010 was enacted and signed to become a law by President Barack Obama in 29th July, 2010. The main aim behind the enactment of this US law was to seek remedy to the enforcement of lax law on the Indian reservations. The law brings about the execution of all the relevant enhancement and sentencing at the federal level. Despite this, the tribal court has powers to choose an option under which it provides public defenders of specific qualifications. Additionally, the law offers a funding option for preventive programs relating to drug and ...

Security may be defined as any concerted effort taken in order to protect persons and organizations from any harm or destruction. Companies and organizations have heavily invested limited resources in personnel, buildings, communication infrastructure, data storage facilities and business processing plants to enable such organizations run business. Ensuring that such investment is safe from any destruction is the primary concern of both government and individuals. In the United States security has always taken considerable amount of resources from organizations however this has since changed after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. Security now takes center concern of both government ...

Present state of US economy from a business perspective

Even though the latest jobs reports were disappointing, other recent US economic indicators looks more encouraging. One of the major concerns to analysts is the increase in oil prices over last five months, which might significantly slow down economic growth. Even though the economy is improving slowly, 2012 will be the third consecutive third year of disappointingly slow growth, with a growth of 2% after inflation. With this slow growth, consumers are expected to spend less voluntarily, encouraged by lower gas prices and gradual decrease in food prices from the drought. Despite all these, business investment is not set ...

1. The American Civil Rights Act amendment act of 1964 emphasized the role of quality education as key to the realization of the American dream. It is not by coincidence that the United States has achieved one of the highest levels of high school graduation rates in the developed world. The United States education system has not only been formidable in its focus on holistic education that includes pursuit of talents and academics at the same time, but has also received accolades for its universality. However, the education system has not escaped controversy regarding quality and mode of operandi. ...

In the US, the minimum drinking age policy was passed in 1984, July 17 that was aimed at passing the minimum age to purchase and possess alcoholic beverages to 21. The minimum drinking age was empowered Federal Aid Highway Act that was aimed to lower the annual federal highway allocation by 10% to any state that had a minimum drinking age below 21 years. The minimum drinking age has become a controversial topic among the policy makers and other stakeholders in the US economy. After considering the both sides of the coin, some policy makers in some states banned ...

Collaborative public management is a complex yet valuable factor that must emanate from all public managers. As emphasized in Collaboration Processes: Inside the Black Box, James Perry and Ann Thomson explained that public managers must employ systematic approaches in prompting collaborative efforts with their stakeholders to ensure a fully synergetic relationship between all actors (2006). The essence of collaboration in public management is evident in the Philadelphia municipal wireless network (MWN) case presented by Rajiv Banker, Abhijit Jain and Munir Mandviwalla. The case involves the efforts of the local government of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to collaborate with various stakeholders to push through with the installation of an MWN that covers the whole city – a project initially criticized for potential inefficiency and costliness that is injurious to the city’s poor financial condition (Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla, 2007).

Perry and Thomson’s thesis perfectly fit the case at hand, as it shows how the local government of Philadelphia forged common grounds with the stakeholders who are heavily involved in the MWN project. The local government of Philadelphia, in Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla’s case, fully acknowledged the wave of dissent coming from those who have different viewpoints on the provision of a citywide Internet access service in Philadelphia that can benefit many city residents because of its low-cost, reliable and high-speed properties (2007). Emphasizing on its role as a catalyst, the local government of Philadelphia sought to introduce the MWN project in a bid to keep the city inclined with the digital times. The project, which attracted different viewpoints in the beginning, ushered in the building of collective interests that led to its success. At the start of the 20th century, Philadelphia mayor John Street introduced a convenient innovation to the city, which is the use of the Internet to access local government services (Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla, 2007). In the process, proponents of that project encountered problems attributed to the citizenry’s lack of efficient Internet connectivity and education on Internet usage.

As a solution, the local government proposed to establish an MWN, which aims to introduce wireless Internet access to people in Philadelphia that is dependable yet inexpensive at the same time. The local government sought to unite the stakeholders into one binding perspective, which is the greatness of the city of Philadelphia and its reputation of being a “city of firsts” (Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla, 2007). The MWN introduced several potential benefits to the city, and the local government used those as convincing arguments to influence the corporate sector and community groups within the city. The positive image-boosting properties of MWN pleased those behind the city’s corporate circle. Unbridled access to information that would significantly enhance the quality of education amplified support from the city community (Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla, 2007).

Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla’s case on the successful Philadelphia MWN project fully characterize the application of collaboration processes in public management. Thomson reiterated her definition of collaboration as “a process involving shared norms and mutually beneficial interactions” between autonomous actors (2006). Thomson and Perry further reiterated that failure in collaboration would follow if done only for individualistic interests and “for collaboration’s sake” (2006). Collaboration, being a costly process, is dominant in the Philadelphia MWN project. The case encapsulates Thomson and Perry’s five key dimensions of collaboration. The Governance Dimension came in when Wireless Philadelphia, a nonprofit organization tasked to supervise the execution of the wireless network, instituted decisions that led to the efficient accomplishment of the MWN project through its executive committee. The Administration Dimension of the case is present in the formation of Wireless Philadelphia’s executive committee, which includes its chief executive officer Greg Goldman and the city’s chief information officer Diana Neff, alongside other residents of the city deemed to wield considerable influence in the city concerned with the accomplishment of the MWN project.

The Autonomy Dimension rested on the collective interests of those involved in the project and the various stakeholders. The cause to establish an MWN in Philadelphia was championed effective by Goldman and Neff, hence resulting to consensus-building measures that laid the foundations for the collective interests that made the project into full reality. The Mutuality Dimension of the MWN project is apparent in the stakeholders’ interest in the main benefit MWN provides, which is to provide wireless Internet that is affordable yet stable. The Trust and Reciprocity Dimension is evident on the delegation of several tasks needed for the accomplishment of the Philadelphia MWN establishment. For instance, Wireless Philadelphia chose Earthlink to construct and provide service to the network – a move that provided competence to the local government of Philadelphia, given that establishing an MWN is one that it cannot do on its own. For the entirety of the Philadelphia MWN project case, the role of the government as catalyst led to the emergence of collaborative public management, which it used to turn the project into a full-fledged reality (Perry and Thomson, 2006; Banker, Jain and Mandviwalla, 2007).

The Philadelphia MWN project has shown that government projects could catalyze and work efficiently and favorably with several other actors through collaborative public management. The government cannot just institute programs without the approval of various stakeholders, who are generally concerned with the benefits of those programs because public money is involved. In a clear-cut sense, collaborative public management enhances the introduction of beneficial programs for the people, anchored on consensus, cooperation and coordination. Consultation between the government and different actors should take place so that an exchange of expertise, recommendations and discussions can improve the nature of government programs. Many examples similar to the case of the Philadelphia MWN project prevail. One such example is on commuter rail projects within cities.

The Ann Arbor – Detroit Regional Rail Project is an effort of the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments (SEMCOG) to provide commuter rail service between the cities of Ann Arbor and Detroit (SEMCOG, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, 2001). With Amtrak as the main provider of rail transport, the SEMCOG sought to utilize infrastructure that is in active use in order to ensure competent results, given that a segment of the existing Pontiac-Detroit-Chicago Amtrak corridor is ready to support the Ann Arbor – Detroit route. The project promised to “build consensus from the start” and that there is “input from all transportation system stakeholders” involved, particularly in terms of technical analysis (SEMCOG, 2001). Inputs from stakeholders is a result of 23 public working sessions held throughout the project development process, with the inclusion of various viewpoints and perspectives from stakeholders, hence the project being declared as one that contains “true regional output” (SEMCOG, 2001).

In the realm of my personal experience, I can relate collaborative public management in terms of campus leaderships. When student-leaders recommend programs, it is always important to consult the general studentry or those who are highly concerned with certain programs. Student-leaders cannot proclaim that all programs are beneficial in an outright fashion without first asking other actors – in this case, the students and those who belong to certain groups as defined by program proposals.

In sum, collaborative public management essentially follows when government acts as catalysts for programs. Assuming that the whole populace of different jurisdictions, as specified, will benefit from government programs, it is important to take note of Perry and Thomson’s thesis on the complex yet systematic dimensions of collaborative public management. This is to ensure that there is consultation with stakeholders and building of collective interests between all actors involved. In that sense, the government can avoid incompetent measures that can drastically affect its otherwise grand projects for its jurisdiction. At the same time, collective interests can mend social divisions, which will lead to further progression.

Works Cited

Banker, R., Jain, A. & Mandviwalla, M. (2007). Government as catalyst: Can it work again with wireless internet access? Public Administration Review, 67(6), 993-1005.

Perry, J. & Thomson, A. (2006). Collaboration processes: Inside the black box. Public Administration Review, 66(s1), 20-32.

SEMCOG, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments. (2001). Improving Transit in Southeast Michigan: A Framework for Action. Detroit, MI: SEMCOG Southeast Michigan Council of Governments Information Services.

Question one

Economies operating under the free enterprise system usually have higher chances of expanding their operations to other areas. When a country liberalizes its markets, new investors are attracted to develop businesses. A free enterprise economy encourages transfer of technology multilaterally between countries that want to take part in the business and thus widens the financial opportunities or pool (Barnes, 2004, p 127). Free enterprise also encourages learning of foreign languages, which facilitates mutual understanding between the partners and thus supports globalization. Centrally controlled economy does not attract investors due to its inflexibility nature. An economy experiencing external economic shocks ...

Public budgeting provides reflections on government usage of money – the primary source of which are taxpayers. Government expenditures clearly define the purpose of public budgets, as deliberated through various decision-making processes influenced by a great variety of actors. In The Politics of Public Budgets, Irene Rubin provided notable features of public budgeting. She said that public budgeting is characterized through the (1) diversity of the actors involved, (2) open nature of the budget, (3) usage of mechanisms ensuring accountability to the public, (4) constraints provided by law, public opinion, and the like, and (5) the difference between taxpayers and those who make decisions on allocating public money (Rubin, 1999). The complexity of public budgeting lies in the aforementioned characteristics, anchoring on the tenets of public accountability and public acceptability.

Rubin heavily emphasizes on the essence of public accountability and public acceptability to matters related to public budgeting (1999). It is because public money comes from the taxpayers, hence giving them the inherent right to inspect on the government’s usage of their tax payments. The government has to be accountable to the taxpayers in allocating public money for programs. In return, the taxpayers are bound to give opinions reflecting their acceptance on how the government has set and utilized public budgets, which will ultimately affect the government’s reputation (Rubin, 1999).

It is always important to focus on public accountability and public acceptability in assessing public budgets. The government ensures public accountability through the presentation of budget documents, described as an “important means of public accountability” (Rubin, 1999). The public nature of public budget documents renders it accessible to taxpayers and open to their scrutiny. That empowers taxpayers to check if “what officials promised them was actually delivered” (Rubin, 1999). However, it is noteworthy to point out that government administrators may tend to be selective in revealing details in public budget documents. They have wider freedom to select which details to include in the public budget document the more complex the nature of the public budget is. Tension between public accountability and public acceptability helps reduce government secrecy in public budgets. Despite of that, the government still practices selective inclusion of budget details in public budget documents remain to reduce disagreements that can hinder government programs to push through (Rubin, 1999).

The ill-fated Future Imagery Architecture (FIA) satellite project of the United States government highly reflects the accountability-acceptability tension highlighted by Rubin. As The New York Times reported in its article Death of a spy satellite program, both the government and its contractor Boeing contributed to the failure of the whole satellite project (2007). Introduction of the satellite project came in at a time when turbulent changes were happening within the government. The government downsizing efforts led by then-President Bill Clinton effected the transfer of large-scale military projects to private contractors. Congress also cut down on the amount allocated for the budget of the satellite project. In observance of that trend, a bidding process subjected the workings of the satellite project, the selection process having thinned down to two companies – Lockheed, which specializes in satellite construction and Boeing, an aerospace company and the eventual winner of the bidding process desperate to expand to another market at the height of its competition with Airbus.

The government was initially in favor of Boeing’s potential to finish the project, given its promising pool of engineers led by engineer and former Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) official Ed Nowinski and the company’s acceptance of the rigid $5 billion budget per 5 years for the project (The New York Times, 2007). Rubin’s tension is highly apparent on the project’s concealed nature. Those who have worked on the satellite project have revealed its highly classified nature, while further testaments have revealed successive mishaps leading to the project’s demise – the nature of such attributing to Boeing’s effort to constrain itself on the limited budget which resulted to the failure of the whole undertaking. It is as if the aggregate $18 billion spent on the whole satellite project has vaporized – there was no substantial achievement reached in accordance to the project goals. Aggravating the whole matter was Boeing’s desperation to expand its market, which eventually transformed to incompetence. In the words of the New York Times article, the aerospace company was describe as “a contractor all too willing to make promises it ultimately could not keep” (2007).

At the same time, various circumstances flourishing at the time of the introduction of the satellite market affected the budget planning process for the satellite project. Government downsizing efforts compromised proper budget planning for a project that inevitably possessed astronomical dimensions in terms of costs. In the name of public acceptability, The New York Times pressed out the aforementioned facts through its article. As shown, whereas the government has exercised public accountability on the satellite project through the revelation of budget figures and several circumstances that led to its dim outcome, the tension was nevertheless apparent due to the classified nature of the subject matter, hence attracting various questions (The New York Times, 2007).

On a personal scale, I have no prior experience on the application of Rubin’s assertion on the tension between public accountability and public acceptability. The closest practical illustration that I can relate to Rubin’s assertion that closely relates to my environment right now would be in the form of a class project that requires funds. In that case, it is inevitable that the class must give equal monetary contributions to build up the funds for the project (unless if some students volunteer to contribute larger amounts) and elect a set of officers who will administer those funds. With the objective of meeting a target grade or incentive for the project, the class is entitled to information on how the class project funds are spent. Students can choose to refer to the main objectives of the class project, which they can correlate to the usage of class project funds. If some students think that there is mishandling of funds involved, then they can lodge any form of dissent demanding proper usage of the funds, alongside other forms of remedies discretionary to the nature of the case. It is in that aspect of that case in which I believe Rubin’s assertion of public accountability-public acceptability will apply.

The students in the class, being microcosmic representations of citizens within any form of government jurisdiction, have one common goal concerning the usage of class project funds (which is the aggregation of their contributions) – to accomplish a class project and to achieve the highest possible grade standard for it. Yet, as Rubin asserts, the students have no direct power to manipulate those people tasked to administer the funds. The whole scenario I have provided above can be reminiscent of a representative form of government, in which citizens elect a congressional representative – one who appropriates budgets for programs within its jurisdiction. The citizenry can choose to vote out or refuse to reelect the representative if there is a strong belief that the representative has mismanaged public funds (Rubin, 1999).

As applied to my case, should there be another class project, the people can choose not to elect the same set of people administering funds for the current class project if they believe that the funds are mismanaged and the project ultimately failed. In the same light, selectivity can also ensue in the case I provided which, as Rubin pointed out, may ease out tensions on public accountability and acceptability. Depending on the complexity of the budget for the class project, funds administrators may choose to remove details that will make the budget document look dubious and instead focus on exposing the highly salient and satisfactory details, which will highlight public accountability on their part. The real danger in that aspect will arise if the whole project ends in failure. Such will inevitably raise questions anew on budget expenditures, as in the case of the FIA – described as highly classified in nature (The New York Times, 2007). There will be a renewal of tension between public accountability and public acceptability once the end to which the public budget serves as means fail to materialize.

References

Death of a spy satellite program. (2007, November 11). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/.
Rubin, I. (1999). The politics of public budgeting: Getting and spending, borrowing and balancing. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

The Strengths Finder report assesses peoples preference on 34 themes that classify perception of their strengths. In his book Strengths Finder 2.0 Tim Rath describes a “strength” as an innate ability or talent that you possess and invest significant time and energy in developing. My top strengths in the strengths finder were communication, arranger, harmony, context and woo.

When I initially went through my strengths finder report, I wasn’t too surprised at the results that I saw there. This is in line with many of the other psychometric tests that I have done in the past such as ...

The social system which is based on individual rights is referred to as Capitalism. In the political scenario it refers to the system of freedom, and in the legal field it refers to the system of objectivity in laws. The economists call it a free market economy where there are free flow of goods and services. Socialism on the other hand refers to a state that is centrally planned and the economy and other means of production are controlled by the government. This e essay is meant to discuss the key tenets of socialism and capitalism and also focuses ...

Over a long period of time, the federal government has had struggles in instituting the rules and guidelines on matters of sentencing. This is so because of the sensitivity of the judicial sentencing authority especially following the Reform Act of 1984 which came as a replacement to the former traditional sentencing policy. The Reform Act of 1984 is a more strict authority which is proscribed by the enactment of mandatory guidelines to deal with sentencing. There also arose the limitation brought by the Supreme Court’s decision on the constitutional grounds with the exercise of mandatory guideline provided for ...

The port actors, terminal operators, public port authorities, carriers and other service providers in supply chain want to achieve strategic goals such as dominance, integration and insertion. These goals are interrelated and mutually strengthening. Port actors insert themselves in supply chains since this provides them with critical resources such as knowledge, technology, capital, markets and expertise. Another goal is the integration of activities in the port so as to lower transaction costs and provide services efficiently and effectively. Dominance is also another strategic goal applied by port actors. They seek to achieve scarce competency, exploit economies of scale or ...

It has remarked by president Obama that the Great Recession (2008-10) is the greatest economic recession since the Great Depression. It is fascinating to use marginal tax rate for different regimes in order to explain what happened in each of these periods. From the table on the highest marginal tax rates, the top marginal rates for the four-year period prior to the Great Depression was relatively low with a highest of 25 percent in 1932. The major cause of the depression is attributable to the fiscal policies employed by the federal government. After keeping the interest rates artificially low ...

Introduction

In the last seven years the number of Americans who believe that the federal government poses immediate threats to peoples rights and freedom has increased by 16%. According to Gallup polls, the percentage of American who in 2005 believed that the federal government interferes with citizens’ rights and freedom was 30%, but this has since risen to 46%. Only 51% of the Americans believe that the federal governments do not pose threat to their rights and freedom. In fact 66% of republicans, 49% of independents, and 21% of the democrats think that federal government is posing immediate threat to ...

The events of September 11, 2001 will forever remain etched in the memories of many people. The attacks on United States left many in horror; beyond the gruesome murders and the maiming of thousands, the security of Americans and the rest of the world in general remain volatile. The US congress moved swiftly to enact laws as the government sought to tighten the security of its people. However, some of the security measures the government took have been condemned by civil rights activists as infringing on the civil liberties of Americans.

Civil liberties are, “the personal freedoms and guarantees ...

For a long time in the American history, political freedom and peoples’ wants have been in constant conflict. Among the first American political parties include the Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists. These two political parties were in opposition to each other’s ideologies. Both of them had different policies and ways of governing the people. Whereas the Federalists were preferential to a central government that was strong: with the capacity to take control over the trading activities, make agreements, collect taxes, and declare war, the Democratic-Republicans tried to regulate the national government responsibilities, giving preferentiality to local control. This paper ...

In every organization, whether private or public, managers would often encounter problems. These problems and challenges act as a barrier to effective management in the public sector. They impede the quality of service delivery and quality of work life in government. The barriers are aligned to issues such as resources, task organization, technology, priorities, and personnel. Such problems do arise in the areas of authority. This implies that solutions to such challenges are more or less within the powers of the managers. In public organizations, the extent of their independence is low compared to the private organizations . Therefore, public ...

In times of war, the need for leadership within organizations becomes particularly important, because the decisions do not typically affect balance sheets or income statements; instead, they can result in the loss of human life, and even a change in a country’s government, if that country ends up losing a war as a result of poor decisions. The leadership that Lt. General William H. Tunner showed in the Hump and Berlin airlifts, as well as in later transport operations, showed the benefits and disadvantages of his particular leadership style. While his own personal strengths helped him manage operations ...

There is a wide range of things that could affect the normal working environment in a public or government workplace. Disability and its underlying personal & interpersonal, and physical & emotional issues serve as some of the best examples. The local or state government has provided public and government workers the necessary protections so that their rights may not be compromised should they receive maltreatments and encounter issues of prejudice in their workplace because of their disability.

This is a case of David Milligan, the acting chief of human resources of a state university-owned library. David Milligan currently faces a problematic ...

The Anglo-Saxon approach in the management of companies and organizations takes a different approach as compared to the model of French speaking people. Herremans and Isaac (2005) argue that while the French companies experience a highly context paced environment; the Anglo-Saxon counterparts adopt a highly formalized system that is full of factual management and decision making from a structured system of government. The case study of Lemma seeks to understand the cultural performance and the repercussions that were overseen as a result of adopting the Anglo-Saxon approach in its governance. This paper takes into consideration various factors and scenarios ...

Unemployment is a state whereby people are willing to work at the current wage rates but cannot secure jobs. Since 1980, United Kingdom has recorded a decline in the employment level in the economy. This research paper will evaluate the reasons why unemployment in United Kingdom has been high.

Depression in the region has been a major cause of unemployment in the United Kingdom economy. During depression, economic activities are usually low. United Kingdom experienced recession in the years 1981 and 1991. Recession during these periods has had several negative effects. The demand for various products in the economy ...

Memorandum on Successful Reforms in Missouri

The family represents the smallest most important unit in any society, and the progress and development of any society depends on the state of this unit of society. The success of any civilization is based on the standard of life of its people and especially how it manages its at-risk populations. These are the most vulnerable in society and who depend on some assistance to lead a decent life. In Missouri, the Department of Social Services (DSS) works together with the Department of Health and the Department of Mental Health to serve these vulnerable populations (Busey, 2001). However, a ...

Federalism refers to a political structure with two or more levels of government exercising control over the same territory and citizens. In a federal system, these levels consist of the federal or central government and constituent political units referred to as state or provincial or territorial governments; creating a federation. These governments are supreme when exercising power within their sphere of authority.

Power and resources in such systems are divided between the central and regional governments with some level of autonomy. The central government usually has oversight over issues of concern to the whole country while the state or ...

According to Belasen and Alan, the internal process quadrant proposes that managers should pay particular attention to the laid down rules and regulations that govern their working environments. Decisions in such environments are arrived at in a very rigid manner thus allowing little room for creativity and innovativeness of subordinates. There are particular benefits to this system. Key among them is the predictability of the system and the ability to arrive at an objective decision. Management is able to make consistent decisions that bringing out an element of certainty in decision making.

The internal process quadrant also helps management ...

Arguably, many people in the world believe American government, to be democratic. In fact, they have various stable means to exercise popular control over their institutions and lawmakers. This is actually a basic paradox of American government because these powers are in most cases fragmented through the federalist system. Undeniably, these institutions are repeatedly unresponsive to the majority of public demands. The public always depend on this institutions and lawmakers in various ways; hence, it influences voter participation, as well as citizen participation in nation building.

In United States, federal system is a philosophical and political concept that elaborates ...

Arguably, citizens of a nation are very important in the running of the government. In fact, various factors give the public an opportunity to influence government activities. These factors include interest groups as well as political parties. Interest groups and political parties have strategies of articulating and representing the interest of the public. In the political arena, citizens are the crucial in all events; this is because they decide on who runs and manages the events of a nation through voting. There are tremendous ways in which the government is connected to the public. In the political global arena, ...

Abstract

A regional bank, XYZ Bank, has decided to open an office overseas for serving those businesses that are expanding internationally. India has been chosen as a large financial centre that is believed to help in increasing customer base and expand business. The various factors favourable for investing in India are its political stability, federal legal system, availability of managerial and technical skills, good infrastructure, favourable economic policies and relaxation of restrictions in banking sector. However, some key challenges are cultural diversity, need of legal expertise in opening a wholly owned subsidiary and regulatory restrictions in banking sector. In ...

Regional Disparities in UK

UK has been affected by various socio-economic changes since a last few years this is the reason why regional disparities exist in this country. Martin (1997) explains in his book that there are certain disparities that exist among and within British regions with regards to productivity, wages, per capita income, employment participation rates as well as unemployment rates. Within UK the per capita GDP is highest in London which is £34,200 and lowest in South East England that is approximately £15,621. (Martin R., 1997. Regional unemployment disparities and their dynamics, Regional Studies 31(3), pp.237-252)

UK has ...

Global automobile sales in China

Auto sales in China have been increasing steadily over the recent years causing the country to record the highest sales in the world, a position that had been dominated by the United States. Several factors have contributed to the current situation. There have been government policies that have encouraged car consumption among the consumers.
The government reduced car purchase tax by 50% and the road toll was cancelled. There were incentives such as old for new service of cars and automobiles in the countryside had their prices reduced. The lower prices caused the consumers caused the country to rank ...

Foreign Direct Investment in India is a debatable topic. Though there are many success stories of FDI in sunrise sectors but there were some debacle with investment that has smeared black on the Government’s face. Above all, India is now been called as emerging market and thus attracting a lot of FDI in almost all the sectors.

Introduction:

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) refers to the net inflow of investment to acquire management interest in any organization which is operating in the economy other than that of Investor’s. FDI is the key ingredient for development of the economy and ...

1. The sentinel is a new information and case management file developed to integrate the components of commercial (Hite, 2007).

The Sentinel was intended to provide an electronic management, management of the work flow, management of the evidence, repotting capabilities, search and the sharing of information with other law enforcers and the intelligence at the community level by the FBI (Hite, 2007).

This is primarily intended to improve the FBI capabilities by adopting the use of electronic system in information sharing rather than the paper-based system of reporting. The sentinel therefore provides support to the FBI priorities with the key ...

1. Final Stages of Formulating and Implementing Health Policies

Policies are basically a body of principles governing decision making. Thus health care policies can be defined as collaborative measures by the government and other stake holders directed at maintaining and improving the populations’ health status. This basically states long and short term goals as far as the health sector is concerned. It is thus clear that formulation and implementation of health care policies is multispectral and is a concerted effort of many professionals working collaboratively. Any policies (health policies included) generally have the following cycles: first is recognizing, defining ...

INTRODUCTION

The health care policy plays a big role in the improvement of health globally. The creation of awareness on these policies and encouraging major health sectors to participate in their formulation is henceforth necessary. Since 1970, the feminists’ movement has made every effort to influence the legislation, policies, programs and services mainly in the areas affecting women’s reproductive health. These areas include birth control, abortions, security for the battered women, rape crisis centers, sexual identity, as well as economic independence. The campaigns incorporated by this feminists’ movement led to the agreement on the need to make health centers ...

User fees are very important fees to the local government. They form the largest portion of the total percentage revenues collected by local authorities. There are different kinds of user fees depending on the purpose they are collected. There are four main user fees which are the highest of other user fees. In the Alabama state, these fees are; government entities and tax exempt user fees, chief counsel user fees, advance art determination fees and the installment agreement fees.

The government entity and tax exempt user fees are levied on organizations that exempt and Employee Plans. The fees are ...

In 1760, King George III took reign of England, making quite a few controversial decisions along the way. By acting more aggressively towards France, George III started to alienate the rest of Europe, and tensions started to mount between George and the Whigs, as well as other European countries. By contrast, the sociopolitical climate of the colonies at the time was incredibly harrowing - increased taxation and more and more controversial legislation on the part of England was breeding resentment among the colonists. The Sugar, Currency, Stamp and Quartering Acts of the mid-1760s, among others, were thought to be ...

Whether to rely on Dicey’s doctrine is subjective as there are as many reasons against it just like reasons for. It is a mixture of behavior most likely in line to support the view that, “there is no good without harm”. Whatever the Diceys doctrines hold is as much fundamental to the current constitution. It is therefore important to evaluate the strength of this doctrine in regard to the prevailing circumstances.

AV Dicey just like other scholars like Erskine May played an important role in coming up with British general law. In particular Dicey in his book, An ...

The chapter “Urban Facts and Fallacies” by Thomas Sowell is definitely an interesting read compelling reader to reflect on every fact stated by the author. The Housing section of chapter was shocking and eye-opening and starts from providing truth of the biggest “fallacy” as called by author that government intervention is required in the housing market to control the upper limit of price of houses. The reading is directed to break this fallacy to make readers realize that due to government intervention, the prices have actually skyrocketed. It is a well known fact that prices of houses has increased ...

Obesity is becoming an epidemic in America – more than 30% of childhood diabetes cases are Type 2, a condition typically caused by poor diet (Zinczenko, 2002). A variety of factors has led to the increase in prevalence of obesity in America. Sociocultural factors and sedentary lifestyles have led to conditions where many have little choice but to eat fatty, processed foods. The American fast food culture contributes to this level of obesity, as the combination of affordability, taste and convenience makes it easier for a family of any income level to feed themselves on fast food – however, it then ...

The overall goal of a democratic government is to ensure that the greatest number of people within said democracy are represented - that their desires and needs are met to their satisfaction. As such, the idea of a 'majority rule' is thought to be the defining component of the concept of a democracy1. According to Follesdal, "The contractualist case for majoritarian mechanisms in general is that such mechanisms secure the relevant interests of affected parties from standard harms to an acceptable extent"2. However, does the concept of 'majority rule' really function to serve the best interests in a ...

Every individual is owed to legal rights that the state is mandated to honor. There has to be a balance between the law of the land and individual rights. The due process therefore protects the rights of individuals from the law of the land. The state is expected to follow the exact rule of law when handling individual suspects in order to avoid violating the due process. The bill of rights is incorporated into the due process meaning that persons cannot be dispossessed of their rights to life, liberty, and own property without following the due process.

In order ...

Introduction

It is essential that nurses understand the issues related to health care, which are local and state financing, national healthcare policies, and initiatives that affect healthcare delivery. As a patient advocate, the professional nurse is in a position to work with patients and families to access available resources to meet health care needs. Nurses also have an ethical responsibility to be fiscally prudent in all practice settings to eliminate inefficiencies, and to promote best practices. 

Task: Scenario 1: Note: For parts A and B, the suggested length is a combined total of 1–2 pages. 

Mrs. Zwick, a 77-year-old widow and permanent resident of the United States, was admitted as an inpatient and hospitalized for five days following a ...

It is common today that people believe in different aspects when it comes to how life must be treated and spent. Some believe in sub-sects of the world’s major religions while others believe in their faiths without question. However, recent cases point out that some people would do unimaginable things just to protect their faith and the name of their prophet. Experts have noted that some religions are indeed dangerous due to the traditions they follow. Some believe that this should not be the basis in identifying the dangers of a religion. Others think that religion only becomes ...

When George Orwell wrote Animal Farm in 1945, he intended the story to be an allegory to the occurrences in the Soviet Union in the Stalin era prior to the Second World War (Orwell 23). He was referring to the fact that after an era of monarchy, Joseph Stalin emerged as a communist leader who initially promised to listen to the needs of the common ...

These four dynasties which succeeded each other in controlling the area of central China, each made significant but slightly different contributions to Chinese unification and culture.
The Shang dynasty oversaw significant advances in technology. Especially in the areas of bronze working and pottery. Various musical instruments were invented in this period and advances in astronomy led to significant observations of Mars and passing comets. The Shang dynasty was always under threat from all sides, and, although it aggressively and successfully defended its territory, it could not extend it authority over neighbouring rebellious tribes such as the \fang in the ...

Part One

Dehumanization of society refers to the mistreatments of the people in the society. In this case, people are treated like animals either in their work-place or any place they live or stay. From the books by both Ritzer and Ehrenreich, dehumanization is shown clearly. In Ritzer’s book, he depicts dehumanization acts in the society, most especially at the working places.

Here we find bureaucracy systems as Ritzer tells us, uses rationality concepts but in the end results to irrationality, as a concept of functioning. This rationalism is linked to bureaucracy, since bureaucracy has made people be seen ...

Introduction

In a recent article in the Washington Post (28th November, 2011) by Elizabeth Norton, the real estate market still remains strong despite the harsh economic conditions. There has been continued investment in real estate especially in quality high end apartments. But the general demand has reduced due to high interest rates imposed by several banks and financial institutions.

According to the article, Real estate is one of the biggest portions of wealth among Americans, especially home owners. Washington State has nearly a third of its wealth in form of real estate. As of 2003, the Washington recorded about 1.7 ...

GDP is one of the major concepts in the economic world. It can be defined from three different approaches, but the result is the same in all cases. The first of them, product approach, sums outputs of every enterprise’s class to arrive at a total. Expenditure approach is based on the principle that all products must be purchased by someone, which is why the total product value is equal to people’s total expenditures for buying things. The last approach, income, is founded on a principle that incomes of productive factors are equal to the value of their ...

Needs Assessment Procedure

The needs assessment of a community is aimed at identifying assets and possible risks that it faces. In developing countries the steps used are similar. An example is in Liberia, where the waste management needs assessment done in 2007 entailed planning and organization, procedure of needs assessment, collection of data, summarization and distribution of data, and final report writing (Aparna-Sharma et al., 2000). In the planning and organization stage, partners who will get involved in the needs assessment would be identified. For instance, the partners identified in Liberia are government departments, municipal administrators, civil society, and international community. The ...

Introduction

Internal audit refers to an objective declaration and independent activity consultative in nature and which is designed to enrich the value and advance the daily operations of an organization. This helps a given organization to achieve its desired ends since it brings in a disciplined and systematic approach on how to approach, improve and evaluate efficiency of managing risks, governance and control processes. (Picket 81).

Internal audit catalyses improvement in an organizations’ efficiency and effectiveness by giving room for recommendations and insights which are normally inclined upon assessment of data, analyses of such data and the processes of ...