Essays on Reforms

Part1

Critics have questioned the authenticity of medical-related to industries support towards reforms in healthcare reforms. One might argue that these industries have decided to forgo profits in the future to gain in regarding public relations rather than support the efforts being made towards providing healthcare services access to all. According to Brody (283), a conflict of interest can be seen clearly by examining the reaction of medical professionals to these reforms. Professional medical organizations have made no promises towards reducing medical costs. Ironically, some physicians have offered to support the reforms on the condition that their income is not ...

The rule of law can mean different things because it is an ambiguous term. This is the first index and it is believed to be the legal principle which the law must govern a certain country as opposed by being governed by the arbitrary decisions of a person’s government official(Ferguson 81). Tunisia has a rich legal system to cater for the rule of law. They are among the first countries to have a constitution which governs them. Due to this, many in this country have ended up following constitution as various amendments have been factored in to ...

Decembrist occurred on date 26 of the year 1825, and its main aim was to protest the reign of Tsar Nicholas, who took the throne after his father death (Nowak, Andrzej, and Jaime 77). The successor was to be Constantine, who was Alexander's elder brother but instead he declined the role in public. Many officers did not believe that he could decline; this made his younger brother, Nicholas, to step forward. He was not popular, and this made officers take action. One of the main causes of Decembrist revolt was that early in the reign of Alexander 1, he ...

Abstract

With the increased competition in the airline industry, especially in the low fare segment, Ryanair, the initiator if this segment in Europe, is faced with various pressures, coming from its competitors, external environment or industry trends. While the company has the resources to manage the challenges of the 21st century, which tops with the necessity to become a global brand, it also requires a sound strategy. This report starts with analysing the internal and external environment of Ryanair, in order to identify the strategic directions that it can pursue in its globalization approach and it further proposes a global ...

Health policy analysis was focused on the examination of Medicaid health policy – the Patients Protection and Affordable Care Act – PPACA, known also by the name “Obamacare”. The policy expands the coverage, holds insurance companies accountable, lowers health care costs, and provides more quality of health care for low-income families and individuals. Coverage prevision is being expanded. The relevant evidence and quality concerning the effectiveness of healthcare services is crucial to policy question related to clinical care and practice (Medicaid.gov, n.d.). Methods will change with different approaches such as prevention; diagnosis, treatments and monitoring a clinical condition with improving the ...

Introduction

Patient safety is undoubtedly linked to health care quality; patient safety may even be considered as the cornerstone of health care quality. That statement alone, makes the ethical and legal concepts that are required of health care organizations in the delivery of high quality health care highly important when talking about patient safety. Quality health care is an umbrella term that encompasses many aspects. Moreover, many also consider patient safety as indistinguishable from quality health care. Nevertheless, a quality health care has indicators such as safety, effectiveness, patient centeredness, time, efficiency and equity. The focus of this paper will ...

Democratic revolutions like the Arab Spring has toppled down political regimes abusing their authority for personal gains creating nepotic cults that leave people impoverished. Contrary to expectations, a series of revolutionary movement mostly failed to reach the intended target. It is not that all uprisings were to no avail altogether. Tunisia had better resources than countries like Egypt to reform the country. Overall, the shortage of wealth, the presence of specific US interests in the region, a pro-military electoral mentality, and the dominance of political parties have halted the democratic progress in North Africa and the Middle East in ...

Introduction and Background Information

Identification procedures, line ups and show ups form some of the most important and fundamental elements of criminal procedure that help in the investigation of crime and bringing to justice to those suspected to have committed an offence. An identification procedure normally involves the identification parade or line ups whereby a victim or witnessed the commission of a crime is allowed to single-handedly pick out the individual they allegedly saw at the scene of the crime or in the actual act. On the other hand, show ups enable witnesses of crime commission to decide whether one is a perpetrator ...

Introduction

In America, Federalism came into practice when some states rejected the thought of a unitary government. Due to the large size of the country, the founding fathers allowed states to form powerful governments. State governments are used as a training ground or political labs for policing, where new ideas can be implemented and evaluated (El Camino College N.pag). In Federalism practicing states such as Florida, state government possesses the power of providing safety and public health, regulate interstate commerce, form government and conduct elections. However, Washington still carries the power of printing money, declaring war, establishing an army and ...

(Tutor’s Name)

Sweden is the largest country in the Northern Europe and is situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula. It has the lowest income inequality rate in the world. It shares boarders with Germany, Denmark, Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Latvia and Estonia. The country is predominantly agricultural, and it is notable for its wide forest resource when compared to other European nations. As Schack-Nielsen points out, “around 4% of Sweden’s workforce relies on primary sector” and around 6% of total land is used for agricultural purposes (Schack-Nielsen 34). Sweden has 21 counties and 25 provinces, and these divisions serve ...

Civil Liberties and Social Responsibility

In 2002, as reported by The New York Times, the Bush administration approved a presidential bill giving the National Security Agency (NSA) the power to track, listen to, and intercept without a warrant the local and international communications (e.g. emails, phone calls) of a vast number of American citizens. Sooner or later, the scheme expanded to involve a certain extent of 'internal controls' (ACLU, 2015, para 2), yet there was no mention of mandating warrants specified under the foreign intelligence surveillance laws. This surveillance program has penetrated and invaded almost all of the communications technologies and networks that the ...

In considering the potential contribution of linguistic anthropology to the ongoing reform of Native American education it is evident that there are various sources of information that demonstrate the need for major reform in specific categories of education. This can be applied in order to develop better practices for educating not only Native American students but students of various differing ethnicities. In developing these pedagogical reforms there are particular categories of education that should be focused on. In consulting on a tribes in a generic sense, the differing types of educational reforms that can be recommended on the basis ...

Social Issues in the Films “Anna Karenina” and “The First Grader”

“Anna Karenina” is considered to be a great historical novel written by Russian world renowned novelist Lev Tolstoy. It is also a film directed by Joe Wright. It serves up all the important issues intertwined with tasty, thrilling, salacious and tantalizing gossip. It is a story with varied affairs, complete with sex, heartbreak and eventually, suicide-by-train (Anna Karenina). Having written the novel during the 1870s, there were lots of political and societal changes in Russia. The novel occurs against the backdrop of liberal reforms represented by Emperor Alexander II in the 1860s. These reforms involved prompt growth and development ...

Question 1

No, under the current legal framework on healthcare, physicians practicing in a group practice in primary care setting do not have the right to choose what types of patients they can treat in terms of health insurance and disease conditions. According to Sekhri (2000), the managed healthcare system under the Act only gives patients the option of choosing the type of insurance, whether private or public payer but not physicians. Fodeman (n.d) argues that, the new law on health, the Affordable Care Act is likely to interfere with the doctors’ autonomy and flexibility in making decisions on which insurance ...

In the United States today, health care spending currently comprises over $2.7 trillion dollars and this accounts for nearly 17 percent of GDP .(Gruber 2011) To contextualize this statistic, in the manufacturing sector, GDP was close to $1.8 trillion and in real estate, $1.9 trillion in 2011.(Gruber 2011) The health care sector is one of the biggest sectors of the United States Economy. As the baby boom generation continues to retire, these numbers are expected to accelerate. Health care spending today also comprises a huge fraction of federal and state spending, and these numbers are anticipated to grow ...

Health policy combines action, plans and decisions to achieve certain health care improvements. The goals of the health care policies are referred by the World Health organization as a vision for the future, building consensus, informing people and outlining the priorities for the short and medium term. Many historical policies have been implemented in the United States, but still the health care expenses are rising from year to year and had in the last year 2015 reached 17.5% of GDP (United States Census Bureau, n.d.). The paper will examine one of the most important health policies Medicaid. The social ...

Introduction

GST is one of the most controversial laws in Australia. Despite the fact that this tax is one of the major sources of Australian treasury, many critics contend the idea that it has a regressive nature. To be more specific, they argue that this tax has larger impact on lower income earners, suggesting that in comparison with those, who earn larger incomes, this tax consumes proportionally larger share of income. The proponents of the GST in their turn rebuffed by claiming that in order to furnish adequate reimbursements for these categories of people, the government of Australia introduced a ...

The Latin American countries have for a long time waged war against imperialism and neo-colonialism by the developed countries. In the heart of neo-colonialism is capitalist imperialism that is characterized by predatory activities of countries that seek to reap big from the less developed country’s resources. Despite the fact that Canada does not regard itself as a capitalistic nation, its large-scale involvement in mining investments in Latin America gives quite a different picture. The mining industry has always been frowned upon and although it is one of the most lucrative businesses, its eventual effect on the population and ...

Change of Business Entity

Introduction Starting a business as a sole proprietor has its advantages and disadvantages and with development, it is normal for entrepreneurs to consider converting to other business types that have better terms. Some of the primary benefits of this sort of business include; the owner has full control of the company operations, can sell or transfer ownership, and does not incur tax whatsoever. Furthermore, the entrepreneurs spend less on acquiring the legal documents as compared to the other types of business. However, entrepreneurs operating in sole proprietorship are held responsible for any business debt or liability unlike the other ...

1. The Chinese Communist Party was founded to resolve problems of wealth inequality and to address the shortcomings of capitalism in China. However, it currently faces some of the same problems that its predecessors faced in terms of poverty, unemployment, wealth inequality, and providing services to its people. Why is this and in what ways (if any) is the CCP still pursuing socialists goals and employing socialists means? The Chinese Communist Party has had significant changes over the years, particularly while Deng Xiaoping's was the leader. This party is considered a communist party. Leader Hu Jintao, in 2006, described ...

On January 21, 2010 the Supreme Court ruled in the Citizens United vs FEC case

in a 5-4 decision in favor of Citizens United. The decision effectively eliminated the ban on corporate spending in elections. It ruled that campaign donations and campaign spending constitute free speech and that corporations are people (Barnes). The Citizens

United ruling also stipulated that people can contribute up to $5,200 per candidate per

election cycle ($2,600 each for both the primary and the general election) and make unlimited contributions to single-candidate super PACs on top of that.(Levy 1).

Speech Now vs FEC

Two months after the Citiznes United vs FEC 5-4 SCOTUS decision, a unanimous nine- judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit decided in Speech Now vs

FEC that Congress could not place limits on donations given to organizations that make

expenditures independent ...

BUSINESS -

Business - Model Female Leader Award Introduction Leadership qualities that influence across cultures dead or alive have qualities that inspire, direct, challenge, and effectively change the world founded in strong ethical practices. Rhodes et al, (2005) describes how “converging political, industrial, and economic characteristics” aligned to ethical leadership practices prove effective (p. 87). The following is an academic exercise – a learning task demanding critical thought, organizational aptitude, and specific objectives toward achieving a better understanding about the human experience and what distinguishes leadership qualities influencing people across cultures.

Oprah Winfrey

Billionaire Oprah Winfrey is an internationally recognized first African American billionaire. ...

The healthcare system has never been under immense pressure to perform than it currently experiences. This is based on the increased population and demographic figures which have in effect signaled a significant increase in the cases presented at the healthcare facilities. Further, the increased prevalence of chronic and acute illness within these populations has forced the healthcare system to work to the expectations of the society to help met their health needs (Puetz, 2013). In order to manage these expectations on of the major revolutions that have occurred in the healthcare sector has been the expansion of the role ...

Cuba has been a communist country since 1965 and we can observe the very controversial moments in Cuba’s development at the moment. On the one hand, this country offers free education and health care services and therefore there is high level of literacy, old life expectancy and overall human development. On the other hand, this country is in general poor and its macroeconomic indicators are very low. So it seems that the Cuban planned economy has failed and the local people have to look for the ways how to survive. In the article “To live Outside the Law ...

Part 1

The evolution of the United States healthcare system has been seen as a blessing in disguise to many Americans who would have otherwise been faced with a myriad of harms as far as their health is concerned (Cohn, 2016). The health reforms in the country that oversaw the drafting into law of the Affordable Care Act in 2010 have had many positive impacts on the state of health of the American citizenry. Before the ACT was assented on by the president, close to 46 million Americans were uninsured and as such were faced with increased premiums on healthcare and ...

Introduction

Over time, there has been increasing interest in culturally responsive teaching that grew since the late 1980’s and the early 1990s primarily because of the increasing diversity in the country’s classrooms. This is coupled with the concern over the low rate of success by the many racial and ethnic minority students despite numerous years of reforms in the education fields. The ongoing reform of the Native American education is further influenced by the fact that after years of population decline to the historic low of around 237,000 members in the year 1900 the American Indian populations ...

Introduction

The taxation system is the largest contributor when it comes to government revenue. There are five basic principles when it comes to the idea of taxation. These principles are: 1) to raise revenue, 2) reprice certain goods and services (tobacco, alcohol, etc.) to meet social objective, 3) income and wealth redistribution, 4) raise representation within the democratic process, and 5) to reorganize the economy (Murphy, 2009, p. 211). It is a firm argument that all of these principles must be in place in order for the concept of taxation to work.

The meaning and importance of equity (fairness) in UK taxation

In 1776, Adam Smith introduced the principles of ...

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is one of America’s most iconic political figures and beloved Presidents. He was elected to an unprecedented four terms. This would lead to the passing of the 22 Amendment restricting the number of terms that a President can serve to two. In this paper I will look at home the challenges of disability and the Depression helped him to understand and address the needs of the people.

Early Life

Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30 1882 in Hyde Park New York. His parents, who both came from wealthy New York families were James Roosevelt, ...

INTRODUCTION

Police work is a very complex and stressful occupation. Their main goal when leaving for work in the morning is to come home to their families at night and sometimes this is not the case. Police on a daily basis see the human condition at its worse and people going through the most awful times of their lives-some by their own doing and others as victims. There is much reform that is needed in the law enforcement occupations and much of that mirrors the reforms needed in society as a whole.

Major Characteristics of Political and Reform Eras of Policing

An historical prospective can give credence to the ...

Reflection on “Tinkering Toward Utopia”

While reading over chapter 2 of Tinkering Toward Utopia, I can’t help but think about the school reforms and changes that were implemented over the years. I am delighted at the idea that despite the presence of economic and political instability in the past, there was an utter importance given to the educational system as can be inferred from the increased number of pupils that graduated. The authors went back to history when they discussed about the aspirations of American educators to run modern schools, yet the problems about the presence of societal privileges and poverty must have ...

Effect of inflation of 1960’s and 1970’s

Effect of inflation of 1960’s and 1970’s Economic system of free enterprise has contributed to economic success of United States. Success or failure of business enterprise or individual is determined on merit in free and competitive market with least government intervention. Most of the banks operate to make profit. However, unlike other industries banking industry plays a central role in country’s economy. Its performance affects the economic wellbeing of the society. Since 1930’s, the government has devised regulations to control operations of banking industry (U.S. Department of State, n.d.). In the wake of great depression ...

An Assignment Submitted by

Background of the Community Health Needs Assessment The healthcare system has been a topic of heated debates among a great number of specialists, governmental officials, and the random citizens. Increased costs for healthcare services, deterioration of their quality, and the increase of the U.S. population are only some of the issues targeted in such discussions. It was clear that the healthcare system required reform as soon as possible. After a long time of development and endorsing the reform President Barack Obama introduced the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) in 2010 that after numerous debates and protests was ...

[Date: mm/dd/yyyy]

What is the difference between demand “Wallahs” and supply “Wallahs”? “Supply wallahs” focus on the idea in which the policy makers of the educational systems emphasize on the strategies to incorporate education in the society by means of providing students with the educational opportunities and ensuring the availability of the skilled educators in the educational institutions. However, “demand wallahs” are focued on the idea of limiting the availability of the educational opportunities when they are not required in the society and hence, the lack of parents’ interest in availability of the educational opportunities is considered as ...

1 Chinese has a mixed economy with mixed features of market economy and highly planned economy. Planning was adopted by Chines reforms back in 1958, but major reforms started in 1978. The industries and the state council take up the role of planning in China. The government of China has a full control over its population. It controls its population to meet its plans (Blecher, 56). Politically, the Chinese are communist. The party in power directs the NCDR in drafting the five-year plan. The secretaries in all units are involved in developing this plan. The control government takes up ...

Law

THE LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN COLORADO Introduction The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the legalization of marijuana in the state of Colorado by covering the following issues: 1.) the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana within the state; 2.) the effect of marijuana on public health and safety; 3.) the economic advantages after Amendment 64 was approved in the state of Colorado; 4.) the effect of decriminalizing marijuana to the police and law enforcement agencies. The outcome of the research will be an evaluation of the overall impact of the legalization of marijuana ...

1. China's economic reform involves a mix of a government planning, intervention, and free market forces. Describe the major elements of these three factors and discuss if how they will likely interact in the future, specifically whether the current balance is sustainable or if one of the three will eventually become dominant over the other. China seeks to modernize herself by focusing on three critical parameters; agriculture, energy resources and communication as well as education and science. The Communist Party of China, which is the ruling party, adopted socialism with Chinese characteristics (Socialist Market Economy) (Liu, 2016). It laid ...

One of the most significant issues in the U.S. today is the systemic policies that have led to the U.S. having the largest prison population in the world. A disproportionate number of socioeconomically marginalized citizens are incarcerated and subjected to discriminatory practices by law enforcement and the justice department. The consequences are wide-reaching and inseparable, cutting across political, social, and cultural lines. In order to identify the roots of these interconnected phenomena, one needs to both understand the historical struggle of marginalized groups in the U.S. as well as follow the money. Socioeconomic discrimination, voter suppression, for-profit policing practices, ...

Maioni's key point

Maioni's key point from the article is a clear understanding of the influence politics had within the health reforms of Canada, and also the United States throughout the middle nineties. This relied on the fact that these two neighboring nations developed completely different styles of insurance, an all-inclusive structure of state-financed health provision in Canada, for example, with the US adopting the twin-tiered heath sector targeting the poor and the aged. The distinction is even worrying upon contemplating on the fact that the countries in consideration, usually categorized as states of liberal welfare, share several like for like political, ...

The Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act require that hospitals stabilize and treat patients in the emergency department regardless the patient’s ability to pay or their insurance status. The Act’s main intent was to prevent the dumping of uninsured patients to public hospital without offering any care. According to the Act, a hospital should provide emergency care to a patient and only transfer the patient to another hospital once the patient is stable. In the situation, the friend had a serious medical emergency; therefore, the hospital was supposed to provide emergency services even in the absence of ...

Countries of former USSR

USSR, existed from 1922 till 1991, has occupied almost a one-sixth part of the land and has gathered together more than 100 nations and nationalities, which formed 15 unions and 20 autonomous republics. The collapse of such a large country on the 15 sovereign states became one of the defining events of the 20th century. It has affected not only the political and geographic realities, but also changed the economic situation both in the region and in the whole world. The countries in this region are objectively linked by the neighbor location and common historical development. Moreover, they are ...

The Electoral College is an integral part of the current election process of the United States. Created during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the establishment of Electors and electors was developed through debate of the Virginia Plan, which proposed that Congress should elect the president. However, concerns of the president being controlled by Congress and fears over a small group of individuals being able to dictate who would hold office presented the need to change the plan. For this reason, the Electoral College, which attempts to proportionately divide state votes among delegates. While it has been contested that the ...

Abstract

Citizens United successfully challenged the decision of the Federal Electoral Commission not to distribute anti-Hilary documentation during the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries after a decision from the Supreme Court at the start of 2010 ruled in favour of the case presented by Citizens United. This research paper intends to explore the history of the campaign for finance reform in the United States as well as the case presented by Citizens United to the Supreme Court in favour of their argument that corporations have the same rights as citizens. This research paper will examine the influence that unlimited money ...

The American court system is one of complex court systems across the world. Approximately, 17000 courts operate within the US at local, state and federal levels . The structure of these courts, including the legal duties of the court staff followed by the steps involved in the criminal process have been influencing the trends of American court system over years. There were several controversies and debates about the actions and inactions of the courts in the past. However, the court system has transformed over time into an effective judicial body, which delivers justice to the Americans. The past trends of ...

(Course/Major) (Professor/Instructor) (Location)

Children in Prison

In the definition given by the General Medical Council (2016), the term “children” refers to “younger minors who do not have the maturity or understanding to make important decisions for themselves.” In the same report, the term “young people” is used for individuals who are “older or more experienced children and are more likely to be able to make decisions for themselves.” The law holds that when an individual reaches the age of 16, adolescents have the ability to render decisions regarding their respective welfare and status, though there are differences with regards to legal investigations ...

A. 1920’s and 1930’s were a pivotal time of change for the way things were taught

1. social promotion based on age instead of standard exams 2. new advances decreased need for child labor practices 3. stronger attendance laws were put in place to help enforce new laws against child labor

B. Policy shifts in Order to change Education with the Times

1. emphasis was less on keeping students and training them for jobs 2. new priorities included psychological essentials for the younger age groups 3. also, developing new ways of teaching that would change the educational system C. Thomas Briggs 1. critical that changes did not solve educational problems 2. “junior high school is an opportunity, not a specific [remedy]” II. Departmentalization

A. Aubrey Douglass - advocate for innovation

1. 1945 - ...

Jane Doe

Introduction Women’s rights throughout the world have continued to be the subject of human rights concerns for members of the various nations and regulatory groups throughout the world. Not all entities have the same concerns for the fair and equal rights of women in their nations, but with the world watching, pressure is put on these nations lacking proper adherence to human rights policies for women in these countries. Africa, often known for its volatile circumstances and harsh treatment of women is the focal point of this research paper in helping to create a best practices policy suggestion ...

Although the US has recorded hundreds of proposed reforms to its healthcare system, few have been enacted into law. In 2010, however, a landmark reform was enacted with the hope that it would improve access to affordable care. Since its enactment, the Affordable Care Act has seen several changes made to the US healthcare system (United Health Foundation, 2016). Subsequently, the impact of these changes on the state of health in the various states has emerged as an important area of study. In view of this, the current paper compares and contrasts the state of health in the states ...

Introduction

The French law is classified as either private or public law with the first dealing with the relationships between individuals and the latter managing the relationships between the state and the individual. The private law is either civil, commercial or employment law whereas the public law is either criminal, administrative or constitutional law. Of interest, however, is the constitutional law which refers to the section of the public law that encompasses the imperative and universal rules. The constitutional law implies the principles through which the government can exercise its authority and includes the customary laws and the international rules ...

Efforts to restructure health care in the country are driving changes in nursing and associated sectors. The focus of the new health care reforms is to provide a system that will enable universal access to a cost effective health care. Lack of ability to pay for health care and lack of access to health care facilities were identified as barriers that prevent people from getting timely health care services. Today, the healthcare delivery system in U.S is made of four functional components: Financing, Insurance, Health Care Delivery and Payment. Thus, health care delivery is one of the components of ...

The need to modernize health care sphere has always existed all over the world, since the diversification of society causing great gap between those, who are rich, and those, who can be called the poor, cannot be eliminated in any state. Thus, there are groups of society, who are not provided with necessary medical treatment because of not having access to general medical insurance. This problem has been dealt with in the U.S. since the 1960’s, meaning many health care reforms have been provided. Logically, not all of them were successful; however, a number of the reforms positively ...

Sanitary Reform—introduction of the systematic sewerage in English and American cities

Sanitary Survey (the term did not exist at the time)—investigation of the sanitary conditions in a city and their correspondence with public health status for later use in planning of the sewerage system

Filth Theory—a theory stating that infections could be caused by “miasmatic affluvia” or “aeriform poison”

Cistern—a container for collection of rainwater Cesspool—a receptacle for excrements and filth in the form of a pit Privy Vault—a water closet from which the excrements were drained to a cesspool Private Lot Waste Removal—a system of house-drains and common sewers, privy vaults and cesspools that were build by all households and businesses. The sewers were originally intended to provide drainage ...

prisons model According to Smith, et al (2014), the purpose of therapeutic prison is to deliver rehabilitative interventions for the inmates. It was revealed that the therapeutic prison must have three key documents including a clear mandate, definite goals that are shared by the key administrators and frontline members, and finally, a documented code of ethics (Smith, et al., 2014). By having a clear mandate will determine the specific goals of the institution and to ensure that the mission and vision statement is realized. When the mission statement has been made clear to the administrators and the members, there ...

Tunisia carries some unique attributes in being a small territory with relatively liberalized economy and homogenous population. With a majorly Arabic-speaking and Sunni Muslim Population, it has a history of encouraging socioeconomic freedoms among women. Women enjoy equal citizenship rights and serve in the military and many professions (Arieff and Humud 4). Tunisia overthrew the dictatorial regime led by Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in 2011. The country enthused uprisings across the North Africa and the Middle East that became known as the Arab Spring. The country has maintained relative stability and held several rounds of elections as well as ...

Introduction : United States, leads the word in health care expenditures, and has one of the finest healthcare services and facilities in the world. But millions of people in U.S, do not have access to quality healthcare services. There is a notable difference in the quality of care received by the people in U.S. In spite of living in the same country, there are differences in the access to preventive and curative healthcare services. There are also differences in the opportunity to avail healthcare services, in the risk of exposure to diseases and in the prevalence of diseases burden. ...

Introduction

Institutions play a pivotal role in ascertaining the continuous development of a country particularly during the aftermath of a major catastrophe. Vietnam is an example of a country that despite the weak formal institution have managed to challenge the conventions of the popular economic theories in achieving growth. Furthermore, the undervaluation of the informal institutions has played an important role in the process of acquiring international debts and donations from foreign aid. In this discussion, the role of weak institutions in underdevelopment will be examined, highlighting Vietnam as an example. In addition, the role of foreign aid and international ...

Major sports facility disasters such as the Hillsborough Stadium, the Heysel Stadium and terror activities and threats such as the one witnessed during the Munich Olympic Games in 1972 involving the Black September have created the need to ensure heightened safety and security in major sports and recreation facilities globally and England in particular. Sports facilities operations management has therefore become an important area of study and interest among scholars. According to Schwarz, Hall and Shibli (2010), facility management is refers to the care and maintenance of non-profit and commercial buildings such as sports facilities and this involves heating, ...

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Italy, like other European countries, was in position of devastation. The defeating of fascism meant that the country required immediate reconstruction, and that was the main purpose of the new Italian government. The years 1945-1948 were the triumph of continuity. Such things as rhetoric and constitution were changed; however, most of the former institutes still remained untouched. The expected reconstruction faced some problems. In May 1945, the Italian partisans officially took control of the government in Rome. According to Duggan, the country faced three main domestic problems to resolve: ...

The impact of the Ottoman Empire on the Arab lands that it inhabited were many and varied, as the Empire was both long standing and powerful. The Ottomans influenced the Arabs’ religious lives, their understanding of and access to their lands, and their cultural understanding of themselves. A look at the impact of this time period is paramount to understanding the Arab countries today. The religious experience of Arabs changed significantly during and after the Ottoman rule. While they had been Muslim previously, there was a shift in the nature of the people’s understanding during the Ottoman occupation ...

Introduction

Egypt is one of the oldest nations in the world. Primarily, the country is considered as a republic yet there are certain elements in Egypt’s political system that makes it less democratic than most established democracies in the world. While Egypt has a political system that features elected representatives, the country is non-secular. Officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, the country has adopted Islam as its official religion, which makes its political system quite similar to other Islamic states in the Middle East and on other parts of the globe. In this sense, Egypt’s political ...

(Student’s Full Name)

“If the Empire were to continue to exist, a new understanding of its problems and fresh solutions would have to be found.”—Norman Itzkowitz in Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition, p. 108 quoted in Kevin Goodman’s “The Tanzimat and the Problem of Political Authority.” The above statement is made against the historical backdrop after the Ottoman Empire signed a “peace treaty” that ended a “six-year war, 1768-1774” with Russia, which was referred to as the Treaty of Kuchuck Kainardji (Goodwin 2). This represented a final blow in a “series of defeats” that took place ...