Essays on Rome

The paper has outlined Hannibal's tactical manner of combating its enemy the Romans during the second Punic War (Gabriel, 2008). Punic war was one of its kinds. Enmity and grudges Hannibal and Scipio were the main reasons for antagonism between the two rivals. Hannibal was the commander of the Carthagena while Scipion headed the Romans military. Hannibal was an exemplary military commander and regarded as the most intelligent in history of the Carthaginian military. “Barca” was a title earned by the Carthaginian troop and general which meant lightning (Gabriel, 2008). Scipion as well was an outstanding military commander with Continue reading...

Introduction

Rome is believed to date 2,766 years whereby it originated from a small Latin village. Rome grew to be a superpower, dominating the entire Mediterranean for many centuries (Arnason and Raaflaub 35). It was during the rule of the Julio-Claudians that Rome attained its highest levels of wealth and power. It could be referred to as the Golden time of the Roman Empire in terms of arts and literature. However, this period was also marked by notoriety and extravagance. The self-centeredness of the Julio-Claudians was evident, a phenomenon that was apparent in the persisting conflicts of interest and Continue reading...

Influence of Etruscan Literature on Ancient Rome Architecture

The architecture of ancient Rome is often described as distinctive in nature due to its hugely unique characteristics. However, a deeper analysis of this architecture reveals that it was significantly influenced by other civilizations. Ancient Rome architecture was inspired by architectural styles that preceded it and the influence of these civilizations is evident in most of the classic roman architecture pieces. The emergence of Roman civilization was contemporary with of the Etruscans, the Egyptian and the Greek dynasties. However, unlike all these cultures, the importance and relevance of the Rome Empire continued going as the first millennium BCE faded. Continue reading...

Rome had to make very tough choices and sacrifices in their effort to conquer the West Mediterranean region before forming their formidable Roman Republic. Engaging in war is not easy because there are many risk factors involved. In order to remain dominant, it had to conquer even its allies such as Carthage just to be sure that they remained in charge (Hoyos 2011). There were tough choices that were involved, and they saw Rome win and eventually become a republic. Some of the sacrifices that Rome made centered on their ultimate goal which was to become the most powerful Continue reading...

Rome’s first overseas war was against Carthage. There were subsequent wars between these two and that made a total of three wars which are famously known as the Punic Wars. The main cause of the Punic Wars was mainly the conflict of interest between Rome and Carthage. They were interested in Sicily, which at the time was a cultural melting pot. Both Rome and Carthage considered Sicily as an extension of their territories (Hoyos 2011). Each wanted to win it and have full control over it and hence, the first Punic war.
One thing that stood out as Continue reading...

History of Western Civilization

Western civilization describes the development of human civilization beginning in the Middle East and spreading westwards. Its roots may date back to 9000 BCE when humans existing as hunters and gatherers began to settle into agricultural societies. However, the western civilization, in its more strictly defined European spheres, traces its roots back to classical antiquity. The western civilization had spread to northern America, South America and much of Oceania. In western history, there were three seminal periods: the Classical Greece (Hellenic), the pagan roman empire and the ancient Israel. The Greeks believed in democracy and pursuit of intellectual inquiry. Continue reading...

Abstract

The strong abilities of Romans to manipulate their physical environment via the development and use of strong military forces has led them to acquire several tracts of land across Europe, with its end as the Roman Empire having become memorable in scholarly works due to its sheer expanse. The magnanimity of the Roman Empire is perhaps best measured by the largeness of its territorial acquisitions. This study finds that the strong military forces of Rome has enabled it to two more consequential forms of physical manipulation – the slaughter of many people supporting Roman rivals and the systemic acquisition of Continue reading...

Essay Outline: Assessing the Success of Ancient Rome through the Manipulation of the Physical Environment by the Romans

Thesis Statement
The success of Ancient Rome in its efforts for territorial expansion and establishing the Roman state lies on the proficiency of Romans in manipulating their physical environment, made through their immensely devastating military power and the effects of their devastation in terms of eliminating population and transfer of land use.

Supporting Point 1:
Immense military power has enabled the Romans to conquer several lands within Europe – first, by conquering the whole of the Italian Peninsula and then by spreading throughout the rest of the continent.
Ancient Rome was divided into three eras – the Kingdom, the Republic and Continue reading...

Introduction

Food and drink habits in a given society are important aspects of cultural identity. Different foods and drinks are consumed in a different civilization and different historic times. The differences in the feeding habits amongst various civilizations are affected by a variety of factors such as geographical placing that determines which foods can be produced in certain places. Travel and trade also influence the food and drink varieties available to the community. Trading expeditions may introduce new foods and drinks, but also with their interaction with the cultures they trade with, different feeding and drinking routines. Despite the cultural Continue reading...

Theoretical Explanations of Two Prominent Pre-Industrial Civilizations: The Mayan Civilization and the Roman Empire from the Lens of Joseph Tainter and Arnold Toynbee

Introduction

Civilizations have characterized much of human history and have laid the groundwork for several innovations on human organization. As humans have learned to congregate in societies, they have developed their respective ways of living based on their understanding on the natural and social environment enveloping them within a given geographical area. Human organization inevitably comes into play, in which positions of authority are recognized and tasked to maintain and improve the political, economic and religious affairs Continue reading...

(I) Introduction
A. Motivation of writing a paper on Roman aqueduct and sewage system.

B. Organizational overview of paper

C. Thesis Statement
(II) Why Sewage and Aqueduct System was required
- Why Sewage system was required.
- Why Aqueduct System was required.
(III) Sewage and Aqueduct Construction
- How Roman sewage system was built.
- How Roman aqueduct System was built.
(IV) Engineer Aspects of the System
- Water level segregation and Filtration System.
- Water Transport System.
- Water Arches and Underground water system.
- Central Sewage System
(V) Possible problems
- Lead Pollution
- Sudden degradation of water quality.
(VI) Conclusion

Roman Aqueducts and the Sewer System

Introduction
Continue reading...

The original purpose of the Pantheon temple was to honor all the Gods of Ancient Rome. The time was long before the Catholic Church made Rome its headquarters and the people practice a pagan religion similar to the Greeks. Marcus Agrippa commissioned the temple’s construction under the rule of Caesar Augustus in 27 AD. Inscriptions on the frieze of the porch (surrounded by columns) record the facts of the original construction and then mention two reconstructions. The Pantheon was rebuilt for the first time in 202 AD by Severus and Caracalla. The Roman emperor Hadrian had the temple Continue reading...

(Insert Institute)
The Roman Empire came into power after a series of territorial acquisitions that ran across the Mediterranean Sea from Europe to the Asian continent. Upon its emergence as an empire, Rome stabilized itself under a number of emperors and was until the rise of Christianity considered among the most powerful forces with which to reckon. The Roman Empire has also been considered to have had major influence on the functioning of the modern world, a feat accomplished through its governance of Europe and in turn, its environs. From religion to governance, Rome’s ideologies were found to Continue reading...

The Abduction of the Sabine Women is a painting by Nicolas Poussin in approx. 1633, telling the infamous tale of the rape of the Sabine Women by the first Romans. Poussin, a Normandy-born French painter, recreated the account in a work of classical painting that remains a very influential and well-received work of art (Gardner and Kleiner 569). In the following paper, the artwork will be examined and analyzed in terms of form, depth, texture, shadow and meaning, and the artist’s influences, style, form and historical context will also be discussed.
Poussin’s painting of The Abduction of Continue reading...

Arcangelo Corelli

Arcangelo Corelli is one of the greatest violinists. He is considered to be the founder of modern violin technique. Corelli was one of the key figures of Italian music in XVII-XVIII centuries. Corelli’s works, without exaggeration, can be called masterpieces of Italian classical music.
His compositions are embodied rigor, modesty and simplicity. But, at the same time, they are written with the perfect taste, in his exquisite manner. His style is clear and unique. You won’t hear such unnecessary details in Corelli’s compositions like external effects, random notes – each sound has own place. And, at the Continue reading...

The Christian movement begins in Jerusalem as a minor sect of Judaism that gradually separated from the beliefs of Judaism to spread quickly in the Roman world. Eventually, Christianity emerges as a formidable religion compared to other religions in the day long before the emergence of Constantine. Christianity is the first religion to receive support from the state (Barnes, 2010). This enables the religion to become a crucial force in the barbaric period. The role of historical Christianity in the first seven centuries is to absorb elements of ancient civilization and channel them to the middle Ages (Stark, 2006).
Continue reading...

The Romans aqueducts play an important role when it comes to the field of architecture-in Romans society. They are considered as the most public structures without the pretence of good-looking entablatures or columns to have ever existed in the Romans society. Romans aqueducts depict a highly complicated piece of Romans engineering. It describes a range of Romans hydraulic hi-tech skills to deliver a modest amount of water to the reservoirs supplying the baths. The Romans aqueducts are divided into three groups and the groups are mostly determined by the type of materials used in constructing them (Chanson, 2000).
The Continue reading...

Analysis of Lyrics

Viva la Vida is a song by Coldplay which is about a king who rejoiced in life being in power; it is actually about the life of a deposed king who has lost power after a revolution. This song particularly refers to the French revolution or the Roman Empire, after which the king is reflecting his life back then. He has been pondering about how the world was in his hands, that, in just a single command the sea would rise, how his people praised him and sang in his name, how his prosecutors dreaded his presence. Yet, everything Continue reading...

In the "struggle of the orders," what did the plebeians want and what did they succeed in getting?

The struggle of the orders in Rome began when the roman state expanded in terms of power and size at around 509-280 BC. This brought about political, economical and social changes. This is also brought about the political, social and economic struggle between the Patricians also known as the aristocrats and the Plebeians also known as the commoners. The Plebeians wanted to have rights because when it came to numbers they were many compared to the patricians. They therefore to have rights to stand for elections as consul. They also wanted to hold a magistrate office so that their Continue reading...

Article Review: African Theology - Roman Catholic, and Asian Theology – Roman Catholic in Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church

The two articles being reviewed and compared here are African Theology – Roman Catholic, and Asian Theology - Roman Catholic, both taken from the Global Dictionary of Theology: A Resource for the Worldwide Church, edited by William A. Dyrness and Veli-Matti Karkkainen.
Both articles begin with an overview of their interaction with diversity and it is at the very onset that the reader realizes that the two theologies vary greatly in their follower base. Despite its fundamentally Continue reading...

Hannibal the enemy of Rome goes into history and one of the most prolific military personnel who took the entire Roman Empire by storm and surprise. Since then, the events of his bravado and bluster have been penned down by different authors from time to time. Leonard Cottrell is one of them. He may not bring about the pure definition of being the most ardent historian, rather he was an archeologist and producer of movies in the same genre, yet he provided one marvel in the context of world history. Authenticity, minute details, comprehensive outlook and deep in its Continue reading...

The two protagonists of Homer’s Iliad and Shakespeare’s Coriolanus present similar sentiments. All three of them were great leaders of men and valiant fighters. It is unfortunate that these men were dragged into situations from where there could be no escape as they were, and had to live up to their heroic statures. There was a huge burden placed on them by their respective followers during war that they paid no heed to the consequence they would face when they faced off with their enemy. Therefore, there is no doubt that all the three of them; Hector, Continue reading...

Paintings and sculptures in ancient Rome were used to develop quite an array of subjects to ornament both public and private buildings. The Romans were known for their prowess as architects, city planners and decorators of public and private spaces. This is due to the fact they could design for functions or even for beauty. The ancient art work in Rome maybe attributed to historians such as Pliny. Romans in the ancient times lived in highly visual societies that were surrounded by images. Some of these paintings range from those on walls such as Pompeii, Herculaneum. These paintings portrayed Continue reading...

(Book Review)

Synopsis

Egypt after the Pharaohs revolves around the period through which Egypt witnessed the coming of the Greeks as well as the Hellenistic culture. It also covers the empire of the Ptolemy -from Ptolemy I to the rule of Cleopatra. The book also explains Egypt’s conquest by Rome, along with scientific and cultural achievements of Alexandria. It also covers the rise of Christianity I Egypt. Moreover, it explains the rich cultural, social, and intellectual formation within the period that comes light through the narrative by Alan Bowman.

Themes

There are four major themes displayed from this book. Firstly, Continue reading...

All civilizations that have ever existed in the world have had their own unique forms of art that distinguish each from the other. This has been evident in trends such as culture, religion, economics and even art and architecture. Art and architecture to a huge extent bring out the cultures of these civilizations in a way that it makes it easier for the current generation to understand the past. Some of these civilizations that have made history include classical Greece, Hellenistic Greece, Etruscan civilization, Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Each of these civilizations had their unique pieces of Continue reading...

The Roman Empire is one of the most noteworthy segments of the history of the West. It is known for its influence not only among the western countries, but also the rest of the world. Perhaps, the most striking aspect of the Roman Empire is its transition from a Republic to Emperorship, although most historians argue that it was still an empire during the era of the Republic. Following the collapse of the Republic, the Principate emerged (Blois & Spek, 2008). Various factors contributed to this transition, most importantly the crises and civil wars in the Late Republic which eventually Continue reading...

Irish Americans have a rich culture, which is rated among the oldest cultures in the globe. The Irish Americans trace their origin from Ireland and they form up to 11% of the American population. They possess a rich culture judging by their education, religious beliefs, and there social life in general. Their Unique culture and strong religious background have influenced the values of ordinary Americans over the years.

Irish Americans cultural Values

The traditional cultural values that characterize the Irish Americans include harmony, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, honesty, filial piety, and loyalty. These cultural values give Irish Americans a unique identity and psychology despite Continue reading...

INTRODUCTION

When most people think of Ancient Rome, they imagine great marble statues, sky-soaring columns, and men and women dressed in draped togas. However, there is one name that is eternally synonymous with this Ancient era, Julius Caesar, the great and incredibly powerful ruler, whose reign would end with his assassination, by his friend and peers. Most people’s interpretation of Julius Caesar comes not from history, but from the imagination of the William Shakespeare, in 1599, within the pages of his play titled, “The Tragedy of Julius Caesar” (Layson and Zurcher 1). Many people see this play as a Continue reading...

Introduction

Rome formed a model government that was imitated by several states at the time. Similarly, Aristotle praised the Carthaginian government as one of the best governments of antiquity. This paper compares the two forms of governments and determines that there were significant differences.

The executive

The Roman government was a republic headed by the consul. Two consuls held the highest position in the republic and acted as rulers. The senate was composed of patricians and was responsible for electing the two consuls. The lower class of plebeians had the power to elect their representatives called tribunes. The tribunes had the power Continue reading...

Back in late 52 BC came the final pacification of the Aeduis, and then Arvernes expressed humility. Moreover, they returned to 20 thousand prisoners. With regard to the Aeduis, then they even maintained the status allies, who besides them had only loyal Lingones. Arvernes, though, had to give a large number of hostages, also received quite tolerable peace terms on which their independence in dealing with domestic issues was recognized. Now that the danger of united Gaul was eliminated. For Caesar, it was important to find support at least in the two most significant communities.
But is there any Continue reading...

Italy is one of the most important destinations of tourism. The country holds some of the most prized architecture and art in the world, from antiquity to the baroque to the modern, often packed into the dense historic centers of the peninsula’s cities. The successive waves of industrialization, the heady years of Fascist dictatorship sandwiched between two devastating world wars, the corporation of agriculture, secularization and globalization deeply marked the built landscape of Italy . Throughout the twentieth century, the architects and theorists attempted to grasp the role of architecture in a capitalist economy under diverse political systems from Continue reading...

Buddhism had originated in Bodh Gaya in India about six centuries before Christianity was introduced. Buddhism was very popular in the eastern region of Greece, and it became the official religion of the region’s kingdoms. One of the major types of Buddhist religions is the Tibetan Buddhists whose number of adherents is estimated at about twenty million people. Tibetan Buddhism is majorly practiced in Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia and western countries. Tibetan comprises teachings of Mahayana, the Foundation vehicle, and Vajrayana. Tibetan Buddhism provides teachings on how to achieve Buddhahood more quickly. Buddhahood is a state where one is Continue reading...

The dark ages in the European history could be attributed mostly to having made no worthwhile positive contribution to the development of the continent. It was a period that was characterized by stories of stagnated growth in the educational, cultural, as well as the artistic cultures of the time. Like the era was referred later on in history, it was an era most people do not want to say was part of their history. The dark ages were a period that is accepted to have begun with the fall of the Roman Empire and lasted until the advent of Continue reading...

For my presentation I decided to make fettuccine Alfredo. It’s one of my favorite foods and when I read about its history I realized how interesting it is. The recipe is very simple and the ingredients are really easy to find. It takes less than 30 minutes to prepare this food. The food is quite heavy (because of the creme) so it can’t be eaten in large portions. Anyway, I hope you enjoy this recipe. But first of all, let’s take a look at the birth of this amazing dish.

Slide 2

There used to be a cooking Continue reading...

Introduction

Ancient societies existed through a lot of strife politically, economically and socially. This essay explains issues in relation to the creation of a better world through the eyes of Confucius and Socrates. It also examines the crisis of the third century in the Roman Empire as well as the feudalism. States and Empires managed to overcome their challenges through socio-economic, as well as political reforms.

Creation of a better world

Confucius, the most significant Chinese philosopher, believes and teaches that the nature of men is the same but their habits separate them. He also believed that one should not do to others that which Continue reading...

Question 1

It is well known that empires are highly regarded to be more of a dictatorship. This is due to the understanding that is given regarding how empires are governed. In the history of empires, there have been a lot of injustices against democracy that have been made. This is evident in the territorial empires that existed whereby they were ruled by force, and there was no regard for the publics’ opinion. This is clear through the numerous examples that are in existence regarding empires. Empires have failed to exercise any form of democracy over the years. It highly likely Continue reading...

Built 18 Centuries ago, the magnificent ancient priceless Patheon is one the grandest architectural structures of all time. Its structural features suggest the perfection of its design and beauty. It was as a result of renovations and reconstructions after the great fire in Rome in AD 64 when Nero was Emperor. It secretly contains volcanic ash in its walls among other unraveled secrets.

The Temple

After several reconstructions, the Patheon today maintains a dome shape. Like other world biggest ancient domes such as the Turkey's Hagia Sophia, Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence Cathedral), St. Paul's Cathedral in England and Germany's Reichstag, Continue reading...

The River Thames is the water artery of England with London as its main pearl. The sufficient amount of gravel helped Romans to build here a bridge in about AD 43. Their settlement was called owing to the immediate closeness of water – Llyn-din and later Londinium which according to Celtic means the river place.
There is also the unsolved fact about the existence of settlements before Roman ones, though some archeological finds prove the opposite. These finds represent the Stone Age and Iron Age, for example, there was found the ancient temple from the Iron Age which is situated Continue reading...

The Italian drama “Rome, Open City” by Roberto Rossellini was shot in 1945. Being a perfect example of the Italian neorealism, the film is significant for its naturality. It depicts Rome during the World War II, with all its horror and cruelty. The story is told in chronological order. The film is black and white, with high-key lighting and mostly deep focus. The director of “Rome, Open City” uses normal lens, so the perspective is normal and the focal length is moderate. The film is shot by the objective camera, so that the spectator watches the action as the Continue reading...

The purpose of this paper is to differentiate the Medieval Art from Renaissance Style. The way to study the present is to first study the past; hence, the Renaissance style that flourished in the beginning of the 15th century was nothing more than a rebirth and continuation of the classical styles whilst breaking free from the traditional religious concepts of the Medieval Period. The Middle Ages or commonly known as the Medieval Period is a part of the European history dating from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. Erstwhile, in 395 A.D., the Roman Empire was Continue reading...