Essays on Constitution

Introduction

Throughout is history, the American society has exhibited an unrivalled sense of national identity. Being an American citizen has over the centuries since its independence was seen as the most significant facet of an individual living within US borders. As such, US citizens who are residents in other countries also take much pride in the numerous benefits accruing to them, by reason of their American citizenship. As Bradburn provides, the boundaries defining real aspects of what entails an American citizen have since been blurry and undefinable since independence (1094). The main cause for such an outcome was the fact ...

Florida

The Florida Legislature is seated in the Florida State Capital in Tallahassee. The Florida Legislature is composed of 160 state legislators. The state’s legislature is responsible for creating and amending laws within the state of Florida. In order to do this, legislators are responsible for proposing legislation in the form of a bill. If successful, the legislation goes through a review, readings, and requires a majority vote. Then, the bill is either signed into law by the state’s governor or the bill is vetoed. The state’s legislature also has the ability to propose amendments within the ...

As long as the Revolution of 1776 – 1783 established the United States, the Civil War 1861 – 1865 determined the kind of nation they are going to be. The war gave resolutions to two cardinal questions that remained unresolved by the Revolution: whether the United States are going to be a confederation of sovereign states or an impartible nation with a sovereign federal government, and whether it will remain in being the largest slave-owner nation in the world nevertheless it is born of a declaration which proclaims that all people have equal rights to liberty. When Abraham Lincoln won the ...

Under the Constitution, the legislative branch checks the power of the executive branch in four fundamental ways: advise and consent relative to presidential nominations; control of the federal budget (U.S. Const. art. I § 7-8); the ability to pass legislation and override the President’s veto (U.S. Const. art. I § 7); and power to remove the President from office through impeachment proceedings (U.S. Const. art. I § 3). In the case of the judicial branch, the Constitution allows the court to determine the constitutionality of the executive branch’s actions. (U.S. Const. art. III § 2).

How does the doctrine of stare decisis contribute to the interpretation of common law?

Consistent with the common law tradition, ...

The rule of law can mean different things because it is an ambiguous term. This is the first index and it is believed to be the legal principle which the law must govern a certain country as opposed by being governed by the arbitrary decisions of a person’s government official(Ferguson 81). Tunisia has a rich legal system to cater for the rule of law. They are among the first countries to have a constitution which governs them. Due to this, many in this country have ended up following constitution as various amendments have been factored in to ...

(Institute/University)

Plausible bigotry in the criminal justice system

Over two decades ago, a bystander recorded Los Angeles police officers brutally beating an African American man, Rodney King. Members of the African American community had long trumpeted police abuse; with the videotape, these hopefully had enough evidence to crystallize their accusations against the “white-controlled” police force. But at the trial, the jury absolved the four of using inordinate force; the city was engulfed in a riot. Though two of the officers were eventually convicted in Federal court, the case according to African American community leaders shows the extreme difficulty for members of racial minorities to obtain justice ...

How did the framers of the U.S. Constitution use a system of checks and balances to balance power among the three branches of government? The framers of the U.S. Constitution created three branches of government in order to establish of system of checks and balances in the newly created national government. In doing this, the Constitution provides each branch with powers to effectively check and balance the powers of the others. A few examples include the following: The Judicial Branch checks the powers of the Legislative and Executive Branches through the use of judicial review. The Legislative Branch checks ...

The main purpose of this article or video is: (State as accurately as possible the author’s purpose for the article or video) The core purpose of this article was to highlight and condemn the move by the U.S. Federal government to enforce the African American voting rights during the nation's Reconstruction period after the end of the U.S. Civil War. It addresses the then-U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes' views the verdicts of the various federal courts in the US on this matter as well as the disenfranchisement of voters (Lou 315). The key question that the author is ...

The Roles of Parliament and Courts

Introduction Being a colony of Britain in the past, the Canadian Parliamentary System has got its roots entrenched in the British Parliamentary System, a democratic model that was evolved over hundreds of years. The constitution of Canada defined in the British North America Act of 1867, which later came to be known as the Constitution Act enacted a federal form of government, where the citizens of the nation will be governed by Ottawa based central government and the provincial governments. One of the major characteristics of the Constitution Act was that it could only be amended by Britain as ...

Liberia was founded as the first free African country by a small group of freed slaves and three members of the ACS. As with any relatively new country Liberia has had to deal with many issues. In my paper I will look at the economic, political and religious origins of Liberia and how they continue to affect the country today.

The Background of Liberia

The history of Liberia begins with the founding of the American Colonization Society (ACS) in 1816. The ACS, which was made up of mostly Quakers and slaveholders who lived in Washington, D.C. Both groups felt that free slaves should ...

More than 200 years ago, Thomas Jefferson pointed out that education is the key to “prepar[ing] citizens to participate effectively and intelligently in our open political system if we are to preserve freedom and independence” (Wisconsin v. Yoder 221). Today, all children are entitled to a free public education, regardless of race, religion, color, or creed. While education is not considered a fundamental constitutional right, most states have statutes guaranteeing to every child access to an education. The benefits of an education are undeniable, and few persons will have any chance at success without attaining at least a ...

Introduction

U.N Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) is an agreement that was made by the parties that met in Paris, France on December 2012. It comprised of different heads of states which included the seating presidents and prime ministers. The agreement was a completion of the four-year negotiation on the criteria that should be used to differentiate the developing and the developed countries. However, the main concern was to reach a consensus and the contributions that will be made by each nation with the motive of controlling global warming (Ebell n.p). The goal was to ensure that the average ...

1. Article I vests the Congress with the legislative making powers. It establishes provisions for who is eligible to serve as a Congressional member, both in the Senate and the House. Article I also enumerates specific powers of Congress and contains the Necessary and Proper Clause to provide Congress with the legal authority of carrying out such enumerated powers. 2. Article II sets forth the Executive powers in the President and the Vice President. It provides that the President is the Commander in Chief of the Armed forces and dubs the President the head of all commissions of the ...

When they hear the idea that the Constitution of the United States is a living document, many are confused. However, the concept is quite simple. The concept is considered a living document because the founding fathers of the United States wrote the document with the future in mind. The document and its contents were meant to be adaptable to suit the needs of future generations, both concerning the citizens, and the government, as well as the intentions of both parties. Amendments can be ratified, and amendments can be added in order to address these needs, as they need to ...

The question among a majority of the world population is why some countries are more developed than others are. In the world, United States of America and other European countries are considered to have superior economy compared to the developing countries. The situation is so, despite these countries having a richer economic history and a pool of both natural and human resources. The explanation for this situation remains elusive to many researchers with different reasons fronted by the investigators (Acemoglu, 385). However, to answer this question we need to understand the terminology; economic institution and its link to the ...

On January 21, 2010 the Supreme Court ruled in the Citizens United vs FEC case

in a 5-4 decision in favor of Citizens United. The decision effectively eliminated the ban on corporate spending in elections. It ruled that campaign donations and campaign spending constitute free speech and that corporations are people (Barnes). The Citizens

United ruling also stipulated that people can contribute up to $5,200 per candidate per

election cycle ($2,600 each for both the primary and the general election) and make unlimited contributions to single-candidate super PACs on top of that.(Levy 1).

Speech Now vs FEC

Two months after the Citiznes United vs FEC 5-4 SCOTUS decision, a unanimous nine- judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit decided in Speech Now vs

FEC that Congress could not place limits on donations given to organizations that make

expenditures independent ...

In 1961 the evolutionary rule was born into the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. “The exclusionary rule was set in place to protect the people of this country” . The protection of this rule was put forth against evidence illegally obtained by police. The evidence that was illegally found is violates citizens’ rights of the Constitution. This rule can be good for citizens even if the evidence proves guilt but cannot be used against them because in the matter in which it was obtained. This means the evidence is thrown out of court, and the individual may not be ...

1. The 1803 case Marbury v. Madison was a landmark case that was essential to the current powers of the Supreme Court (Marbury v. Madison, 1803). The two major principles that were developed in its holding was the power of interpretation and judicial review. In delivering the opinion of the Court denying Marbury his claim the Secretary of State Madison was required to deliver his appointment to serve as judge, Chief Justice John Marshall stated that the primary responsibility of the Court was to interpret the law and that no other branch had this authority. In addition, Marshall also ...

The case involved Fremont Weeks and the police on December 21st of 1911. In what seems to have set the stage for future legal battles, the police officers had invaded the house of the suspect over an alleged sale of lottery tickets. In doing so, the police had acted without the search warrant but went ahead to take several materials from Weeks’ house which they presented to the District Attorney. In their illegal searches, the officers seized anything considered a paper material including letters, books, money, and any other property considered Weeks’. In addition to the unwarranted searches, they ...

Social Justice issues:

The Verdict captures the growth of Frank Galvin, a character who goes from being a keen law graduate to a chronic alcoholic after being framed by his firm’s senior partner for jury trampling, when Frank tried to expose the corrupt practices his firm employed. Post this incident, Frank loses interest in his career. He defines a person who has given up on his life. The defining moment in Frank’s life occurs when he takes up a case of medical negligence in which, a woman developed complications during child-birth and was rendered permanently vegetative due to lack of ...

Separation of powers refers to dividing government responsibilities into various branches that is aimed at limiting any one government branch from exercising each other`s core functions (Beermann, 467). This is aimed at preventing the concentration of power and providing checks and balances. The most critical principle that makes the Constitution is the separation of powers. In order to prevent the concentration of power, the constitution creates a system of checks and balances and divides the central government into three branches. Each of the government branches, executive, legislative and judicial checks the other branches` powers of the government in ...

While television and the media dramatize and glamorize murder trials and other violent crimes, these consist of only a small fraction of the law. Even if a person has never stepped foot in a courtroom, laws and regulations are encountered in everyday life. Law is what keeps and maintains order in society. Laws exist in the form of statutes and regulations at the federal, state, and local level. There are thousands of laws touching upon nearly every topic imaginable. Laws are the product of legislation, an elected representative of the people that decides what conduct should and should not ...

Essay in History: Three Events that Forever Changed History of Modern America Forever

Essay in History: Three Events that Forever Changed History of Modern America Forever

Introduction

Indeed, the history of pitfalls and triumphs of public concerns for Americans over the last few decades, and centuries, have highlighted all kinds of social problems, and economic achievements to arise. Many believe that the United States experienced a ‘golden era,’ during which nothing but hope seemed to lie ahead. We all know that the world has changed. Assuming the task of being interviewed by a large national corporate representative, this essay takes the form of answering the following question: What three days, important events or ...

The United States has a secret competitive advantage over most other nation. The advantage, however, is not one that normally comes to mind in the public or is a focus of attention of the media or politicians. The advantage is that the U.S. attracts the largest number of immigrants in the world, and it has been doing so since its founding. Indeed, since the late 1700s, over 55 million people have immigrated to the U.S. and made it their home (ACLU). To be sure, except for the Native Americans, every other U.S. citizen is either an immigrant or a ...

In the U.S. Supreme Court case, Obergefell v. Hodges, same-sex couples were granted the right to marry and to found a family. One of the mist fundamental questions regarding this case is, “Did these jurists (judges) “interpret” or apply the U.S. Constitution, or did they “make” new law?” I strongly believe that granting the right to marry to homosexual couples cannot be regarded as making a new law. It should be taken into consideration that “constitutional law is not a mechanical exercise of just “applying the law” (Stone, "Our Fill-in-the-Blank Constitution"). In this particular case, the judges interpreted the ...

No legal topic remains as controversial as the death penalty. The continued use of the death penalty divides the nation on some of the most fundamental moral and political debates. While the death penalty is a form of punishment that has been around since he dawn of time, many people question whether the use of the death penalty is compatible with modern society. The death penalty also raises some interesting constitutional concerns. There is widespread belief that the death penalty is not administered in a fair and impartial manner, which would mean that some groups of people are disproportionately ...

Identification Procedures Line Ups and Show Ups

Identification Procedures Line Ups and

Police lineups have been used for decades in criminal cases. The witnesses who seen the criminal can look at a line up and pick out the person he had seen when a crime was committed. This process has been used to help identify and charge an individual with a crime. A police lineup may involve real people or may be photographs of individuals. Usually, the lineups will have the person who committed the crime, and approximately five fill in people to choose from. There is a process that needs to be followed when police ...

One of the hallmarks of the US criminal law is the extent of protections afforded to criminal defendants. While a large body of criminal procedure has been developed and refined through case law, the US Constitution lays the foundation for procedural protections that are guaranteed to a criminal defendant. Law enforcement at all levels are required to adhere to such protections and guarantees. The reason that such projections and safeguards are so important for a criminal defendant is to prevent the government from abusing its power. In most cases, a criminal defendant will have considerably fewer resources and means ...

Philosophy and Logic

The nature of philosophy as, as Socrates put it, a metaphorical gadfly demonstrates the relationship that the discipline has with other academic and intellectual pursuits. The idea that Socrates was attempting to express is in consideration of the role of philosophy in the sciences and the philosopher in society (Plato 2016). This role, for Socrates went well beyond simple academic pursuits, but rather, extended into all aspects of life. In this sense, it is important to consider this metaphor in relation to the conception that Socrates had of the implications of rational thought and the mind's pursuit of knowledge. ...

Importance of privacy policies in a fusion center

Information is the key goal for a Fusion Center. A Fusion Center collects and analyzes data from various sources to determine the likelihood of potential threats from domestic and foreign origin against the US. The information from government and private sources contribute largely to a Fusion Center’s database (Regan and Monahan, 2013). The most potent information often originates from the general population. The case of the Lackawanna Six is a testament to that. The people who provided the anonymous tip believed that the Federal Bureau of Investigation works to safeguard the nation. The FBI, with a long history ...

The Electoral College is an integral part of the current election process of the United States. Created during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the establishment of Electors and electors was developed through debate of the Virginia Plan, which proposed that Congress should elect the president. However, concerns of the president being controlled by Congress and fears over a small group of individuals being able to dictate who would hold office presented the need to change the plan. For this reason, the Electoral College, which attempts to proportionately divide state votes among delegates. While it has been contested that the ...

Abstract

The widespread use of the Internet, cell phones, and laptops has introduced a new type of bully on the school block: cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is a particularly difficult type of bullying for schools to punish and prevent. This is because most incidents of cyberbullying occur off school grounds. Currently, there is no federal law that specifically addressed cyberbullying. It has been largely left up to the states to define the parameters of cyberbullying and to set forth the corresponding penalties and punishments for such infractions. While some states extend criminal liability for cyberbullying off school grounds, other states limit liability ...

Introduction

The President of the U.S. holds the powers of the executive branch, acts as the armed forces’ commander-in-chief and head of state. The President is also responsible for enforcing and implementing the laws written by the Congress and, appoints the federal agency leadership, including the Cabinet (The White House N.pag). Despite holding these vast formal powers, there are several constitutional legal restricts, balances and checks, the incumbent President usually finds as mentioned by the former President Harry S. Truman, that “the powers of the president mostly amount to getting people to do what they ought to do without him ...

Board of Educ. of Ind. School Dist. No. 92 of Potawatomie City v. Earls (2002) Facts: A school district in Tucumseh, Oklahoma adopted a drug test policy which required all middle and high school students to consent to a drug test as a condition to participating in any extracurricular activity (Board of Educ. v. Earls, 2002, p. 826). The policy has only been applied to extracurricular activities that are competitive in nature, such as athletics and others sanction by the Oklahoma Secondary Schools Activities Association. Pursuant to the policy, students wishing to participate in extracurricular activities must submit to ...

In a civilized society, it is undoubtedly important to maintain law and order. Oftentimes, this includes punishing those who are guilty. When a person commits a crime, it is not just the individual victim who is harmed, but society at large. But while is necessary in ensuring that laws are adhered to, protecting the rights of the accused is more important. This is because the accused stands in a far more inferior position than the government and protection is needed to guard against abuse of power, process, and wrongful convictions. The Framers were extremely cognizant of the paramount need ...

[Client’s name]

Introduction While Canada is considered a relatively new country, much of its history can be traced to the end of the first ice age, 20 thousand years ago. At that time there was still an isthmus, which was a kind of bridge between Siberia and Alaska. Therefore land route generation of Siberian hunters-nomads moved slowly on American soil. This theory is supported by archaeological excavations in the basin of Old Crow in the Yukon, in which was found a set of tools that allows to date the initial period of migration is as described above. Thus, ...

Abstract

This paper will discuss the emergence of national security policies and laws in the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Prior to these attacks, there was relatively little coordination between different government agencies and branches with regards to counterterrorism. But the 9/11 attacks led to significant changes. All three government branches are highly involved in national security measures and interests. Congress responded by passing very important statutes to augment the government’s authority to conduct and investigate terrorist threats and apprehend suspects. These statutes reflect the practical difficulties of apprehending and prosecuting terrorists. Terrorism is unique in that if ...

1.What is the best use of power for the members of constitutional convention to setup a practice using people to count population for political seats if those people did not have representation? The American constitutional convention of 1787 marked a defiant stand by the southern states when they demanded the count of political seats in the legislature on the basis of their slave population, in spite of the fact that the slaves were denied any voting rights. The northern states took a stand against the slavery system and tried to limit the southern seats so as to have a ...

Jane Doe

Introduction Women’s rights throughout the world have continued to be the subject of human rights concerns for members of the various nations and regulatory groups throughout the world. Not all entities have the same concerns for the fair and equal rights of women in their nations, but with the world watching, pressure is put on these nations lacking proper adherence to human rights policies for women in these countries. Africa, often known for its volatile circumstances and harsh treatment of women is the focal point of this research paper in helping to create a best practices policy suggestion ...

Introduction

The French law is classified as either private or public law with the first dealing with the relationships between individuals and the latter managing the relationships between the state and the individual. The private law is either civil, commercial or employment law whereas the public law is either criminal, administrative or constitutional law. Of interest, however, is the constitutional law which refers to the section of the public law that encompasses the imperative and universal rules. The constitutional law implies the principles through which the government can exercise its authority and includes the customary laws and the international rules ...

The United States of America officially gained its independence in 1776. The new country needed to create own governing system. It was a difficult decision, because former colonies wanted to have the central government, but did not want to loose their sovereignty. These contradictions became a basis for the Articles of Confederation, which preceded the American Constitution of 1787. It restored main weaknesses of the Articles, but there were many arguments before all states accepted the new document. Constitution’s content stimulated the creation of political parties.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation were created with the great support of Whigs. ...

Respect for culture and religious beliefs is essential in the maintenance of peaceful coexistence. In fact, lack thereof would result in the emergence of personal differences and violence among different societies. With this in mind, it is worth acknowledging the fact that the American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 was intentioned to uphold the religious values of the native Indian community. Aside from the fact that this religion was not documented in any form and is somewhat believed to be a form of culture, the act proposed a lot of changes to the betterment of the lives of ...

Introduction

When the Founding Fathers set up our form of government, relatively little thought was given to the judicial branch. From early on, the Framers considered the courts to possess the least amount of authority in a democratic republican society. In The Federalist papers, Alexander Hamilton noted that the legislative power was by far the most predominant, whereas the judicial branch was by far the weakest of the three branches of government (Paulsen, 1994, p. 229). Today, however, the judicial branch has grown increasingly influential in shaping policy on a national level. Given the tremendous policy-making authority the Supreme Court ...

Civilization and Its Discontents

The excerpt looks into the illusion of man and religion as per the rules set upon them and how well one knows their religion. The excerpt is an expansion of Freud’s previous work, Future of an Illusion, where he talks more about religion and his thoughts about them including its variations. According to Freud, he has a problem contemplating the religious concept that doctrines provide and promise. For instance, most doctrines believe in the compensation of human beings in heaven for the things that occurred while on earth. He labels these thoughts as Providence and sees them as ...

Fist Name, Last Name

Public Administration- Policy on Technology Issue The current era and world is going through a phase of perilous economic time. The governments are trying their best to develop different types of policies and strategies which should be compatible with the requirements of the market. Moreover public policies are developed and implemented for the betterment of economy, improvement in the life style, provisions of jobs, security of the public and alike (Matei & Băieşiu,2014). Due to the globalization, the competition in the market is increasing, and governments are ready to invest their resources in the private sector for ...

Introduction

There has always been a debate over the constitutionality of the death penalty and questions if the punishment is against the Eighth and Fourteenth amendments of the Bill of Rights. Many criticize the punishment for being against the Eighth and the Fourteenth amendments as it can be categorized as a cruel and unusual punishment. The Congress or legislature of any state can prescribe the use of the death penalty, for criminal activities such as murder and other capital criminal activities. The Supreme Court has already decided that the death penalty does not violate the 14th and 8th amendments. But, ...

Although Canada is recognized for its embracing policy and as the first country in the world to adopt multiculturalism, the creation of Multiculturalism Act was not inevitable. The Multiculturalism Act became an official policy of Canada during a highly significant period in the history of Canada due to the presence of Canada’s ethnic diversity, the search for economic development, and the political leadership of Pierre Elliott Trudeau. The country has been cited for its successful integration of different cultures and ability to manage the cultural diversity using a federal law (Gagnon, Raska, Van Dyk, & Schwinghamer, 2015). In this ...

Introduction

Globalization can be defined as the intensified way the people and governments of different people interact and the acceleration of these interactions (Ritzer, 2010). Normally, the focus is on the changes occurring in the political and economic spheres. However, it is now being recognized at large that globalization does have a significant impact on local culture. Culture can be understood broadly as the overall ways in which a society preserves, identifies, organizes, sustains, and expresses itself. The gist of this literature is to describe the consequences and benefits of globalization within the Sudan context. Additionally, it covers policies proposed ...

Interview and Interrogation

The terms interview and interrogation refer to two distinct components in the process involving the investigation of a crime. The interview is an informal and preliminary event. It usually happens as early as the first responders reaching the crime scene do. The interview is more relevant to uncovering the information pertaining to the crime itself. Witness identification is the primary function of police interviews. The information pertaining to the crime is usually extracted from witnesses during an interview. Interrogation is a byproduct of interviews. Interrogations use the information obtained from witnesses during interviews to determine suspects who were responsible ...

Introduction

Organizations that undertake public interest advocacy seek to promote the common good to a greater degree than other advocacy and lobbying organizations. Public interest advocacy organizations address issues that typically involve social welfare, peace, civil rights, the environment, and other economic issues like taxation. Public interest advocacy organizations consist only of less than five percent of the total amount of interest groups worldwide. Activities of these organizations consist of advocacy and lobbying such as speaking at congressional hearings, proposing regulatory comments, public rallying, letter writing and media advertising. Public interest advocacy groups are reflective of a deliberative democracy as ...

Construction or interpretation is the processing assigning a meaning to something. In this case, establishing a rational deduction of the content found in the United States Constitution. The Founding Fathers of the country used the term constitution interpretation to refer to the ability to formulate and justify legal decisions through the constitution. There are various techniques utilized in Constitution construction. However, this article directs it attention to three prominent methods of interpretation. They involve evaluating it as a living, enduring, or a natural document. There are often issues encountered in constitution interpretation that arise from different factors. Hence, it ...

United States Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States having the highest legal force. The American Constitution was adopted in September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and subsequently ratified by all then existing thirteen American states. It is considered the world's first constitution in the modern sense. It consists of seven articles, for the duration of the Constitution there have been adopted twenty-seven amendments, which are its integral part. The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments are considered as important amendments for people, as they protect them from different kinds of discrimination. The Fourth Amendment ...

INTRODUCTION

The American Court System is not a single court, as many may think, but multifaceted and multi-tiered. They are broken into two major headings and multiple subdivisions. Firstly, there is the federal court representing the United States as a whole and then there are individual state courts for each of the American states. While the federal courts are bound by federal laws and constitutional prerequisites, the state courts can differ greatly from state to state (United States Department of Justice, 2015).The United States court system is a complex, and sometimes controversial, entity that outlines how we approach crime, ...

The Constitution of the United States was signed on September 17, 1787 (History). The main bone of contention between Federalists and Anti-Federalists was whether to propose the Bill of Rights or leave the Constitution without the amendments. Federalists believed that the states and the people “kept any powers not given to the federal government” (Bill of Rights Institute) and due to this fact there was no need to make any additions to the Constitution. Anti-Federalists were sure that it was a must to create the Bill of Rights to safeguard freedoms and liberty of each citizen of the country. ...

This paper is the literature review. It deals with the topic of religion in schools. The main goal of this paper is to show how the selected sources support the topic and how they are similar and different from each other. In order to achieve this goal, different sources of information concerning the topic were carefully analyzed and examined. Studies show that people are prone to oppose a constitutional amendment, which declares that the United States is considered to be Christian nation. However, the same studies also reveal that people tend to support teaching creationism in public schools. Moreover, ...

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Italy, like other European countries, was in position of devastation. The defeating of fascism meant that the country required immediate reconstruction, and that was the main purpose of the new Italian government. The years 1945-1948 were the triumph of continuity. Such things as rhetoric and constitution were changed; however, most of the former institutes still remained untouched. The expected reconstruction faced some problems. In May 1945, the Italian partisans officially took control of the government in Rome. According to Duggan, the country faced three main domestic problems to resolve: ...

The constitutional issue raised in Adarand litigation is the racial classification of the citizens meant to allow for preferential treatment. In the past, the minority groups had been treated unfairly when it came to employment. Programs had to be implemented to amend the unfair treatment of the minority in the workplace. The affirmative program had to meet the particular qualification to be considered constitutional. It had to meet compelling government interest and pass the test of scrutiny. To apply strict scrutiny, the legislature must pass a law involving open specification, which includes race, nationality, religion, and origin. The decision ...

Introduction

This essay reviews the various aspects of evidence gathering and applies them to the exclusionary rule and the fruit of the poisoned tree. The primary purpose of the paper is to discuss possible instances that officers can consider to ensure the quality of the evidence gathered in the Ellis’ “Who did it?” case. It shows just how complex an investigation can become should the officers acquire a taste for unreasonable and illegal means of collecting information. Therefore, the following is an assessment of these elements.

The Exclusionary Rule and Fruit of the Poisonous Tree

The exclusionary rule disallows the federal system from using evidence collected in violation of ...

Introduction

Egypt is one of the oldest nations in the world. Primarily, the country is considered as a republic yet there are certain elements in Egypt’s political system that makes it less democratic than most established democracies in the world. While Egypt has a political system that features elected representatives, the country is non-secular. Officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, the country has adopted Islam as its official religion, which makes its political system quite similar to other Islamic states in the Middle East and on other parts of the globe. In this sense, Egypt’s political ...

(Student’s Full Name)

“If the Empire were to continue to exist, a new understanding of its problems and fresh solutions would have to be found.”—Norman Itzkowitz in Ottoman Empire and Islamic Tradition, p. 108 quoted in Kevin Goodman’s “The Tanzimat and the Problem of Political Authority.” The above statement is made against the historical backdrop after the Ottoman Empire signed a “peace treaty” that ended a “six-year war, 1768-1774” with Russia, which was referred to as the Treaty of Kuchuck Kainardji (Goodwin 2). This represented a final blow in a “series of defeats” that took place ...