Essays on Philosophical

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) is one of the most prominent philosophers of the twentieth century. His philosophy influenced not only the various sections of philosophical knowledge, thereby extending its reach and scope, but also the development of such sciences as logic, mathematics, linguistics, the list of which is not complete. Moreover, if the twentieth century largely passed under the sign of the ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Nietzsche, in Wittgenstein's philosophy this century got its most profound understanding. It is all the more ironic that the philosopher did not leave a special essay on social philosophy and philosophy of ...

Philosophy has always been an attractive field since it involves a major history of evolution and development. Philosophy derived from the human need to explore the mystery of human life and existence along with the wish to find the principles and rules that can be applied to life. Philosophical points of views and philosophers are studied and used by humans as part of their effort to put their lives within a normal routine and a desirable orientation. There is no doubt that life could be characterized as an ongoing, constant journey that aims at finding the meaning in life ...

Pragmatism is a renowned concept of great relevance and application in the modern society. Sentiments presents by other American philosophers incline towards a reformist approach in addressing sociopolitical issues. Pragmatists are constantly motivated by a desire to find solutions through practical application. The idea of pragmatism can successfully be utilized in explaining and understanding socio-political issues and in building knowledge of about effective governance. Understanding the idea of pragmatism especially in America is essential in building knowledge of the current and history issues of social inequality. The paper focuses on establishing whether classic pragmatic have geared adequate effort to ...

- Introduction Alain Badiou is a French philosopher, born in 1937 to a war-ravaged France. Throughout the years, he has written a number of important texts; the two most important of these texts were Being and Event and Logics of Worlds. As philosophical texts, they caused a great deal of noise and discussion in the philosophical community. Badiou has addressed a number of important philosophical concepts in these texts, including the concepts of truth and being-- the latter of which became the subject of one of his most important texts, Being and Event. To discuss his views on these ...

(Insert Institute) The Oxford Dictionary defines philosophy as “A theory or attitude that acts as a guiding principle for behavior” (Stevenson, 2010). Consequently, a philosophical attitude entails the ability of the mind to determine “the vision of truth and reality” (Sorley, 1910, p. 155). History records the works written by philosophers on different societal issues and solutions to the same. Said solutions find basis on a person’s ability to find feasible resolutions to specific problems while keeping in mind the possible repercussions of using the same. Renowned philosophers, such as Plato and Socrates, encourage morality and call for ...

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Philosophy

How should one deal with desires, needs, bodily limitations and mortality during the living of one’s life? To what extent can our minds know and control or improve our bodies? The question of how one should deal with desires and needs, on the one hand, and bodily limitations and mortality, on the other, has been one of the most significant, essential issues throughout the history of philosophy, in particular, and history of mankind, in general. It would be unrealistic to assume that it is possible to answer this question within ...

The difference between natural reason and divine revelation is mainly based on the relationship between theology and philosophy. Reason entails matters to deal with the truths as well as making deductions relating to human nature and the general world. Reason therefore gives the truth but a partial view of human nature. Reasoning is therefore mainly based on philosophical thinking. Divine revelation on the other hand goes beyond philosophical theory and drawing of conclusions relating to realty and human nature using religion and faith as the main basis. Divine revelation involves matters pertaining to God and how the human beings ...

Introduction

Karl Heinrich Marx was born in a family of nine to Henrietta Marx and Heinrich in Trier in Prussia. He was born on 5th of May 1818. Karl Marx was brought up by a father who was a lawyer who was extremely successful Voltaire and Kant. The father was also a fervent Prussian reform activist. Despite his parents bringing him as a Jew in the ancestry of rabbinical, in 1816 his father converted to Christianity at 35 years of age. At school, Marx was never the best student. He was always an average student. For twelve years he was ...

Introduction

A theory is used to explain a particular phenomenon in the world. The theory explains the reasons for the existence of the world. A theory must be consistent and correct for it to be successful. Theories are of two types, scientific theory and theory in general. A scientific theory is applied when the object of the study under consideration is measurable. Studies of ethics, knowledge and truth require theories in general. The philosophical theory is a type of theory in general. It accounts for the general philosophy. The philosophical theory comprises of statements which are believed to be true ...

In Plato’s dialogues, there is a particular dramatic setting that sets its literary meaning which the analytically-trained philosophers fail to recognize. The explicit arguments in the dialogues are paid attention to, and the philosophical position of Plato is yet to be determined. Plato chose not to relate his philosophy directly with his name. Philosophers from all around the globe failed to understand the innate philosophy by Plato due to over-generalizations and oversimplifications. The work has been misrepresented, and I believe that philosophers who are trained only analytically cannot be successful scholars on Plato as they must be classically-trained ...

There are two primary concerns involved with drug legalization including philosophical and pragmatic. The philosophical aspect of narcotics legalization is that adults must be allowed to take the consequence of their actions and choice. However, in practical it is difficult for make people accountable for their actions. If it is accepted that people must be accountable for their actions and consequences then narcotics must be legalized. The legalization of narcotics suggests that the government must allow its production, distribution, and usage. It is because individuals using narcotics are responsible for their own actions (Stout pp. 344). The philosophical argument ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

Reg No Designation Abstract The essay begins with a brief introduction about the outline of the contents. This essay critically discusses the abortion issue from a Philosophical point of view. There are several arguments both favoring and against abortion. The essay can be considered a good reference point for an argument or a debate on the abortion issue. Finally the essay concludes summarizing the vital points supporting in favor and against abortion. Recommendations are also offered to minimize the growing number of abortion cases as a result of the changing social life style among the current generation.

Introduction

The essay ...

Introduction

Immanuel Kant was born in Konigsberg, which was the capital of Prussia, which is currently known as Kaliningrad city in Russia in the year 1724. He was the fourth child in a family of nine children. His original name that he got after he was baptized was Emanuel, which he changed to Immanuel after getting converted to Hebrew. For the best part of his childhood he stayed at Konigsberg. The father to Kant was a German harness-maker from Memel, which was the most northeastern city in Prussia. Kant’s father died when Kant was 22 years of age. His ...

III. THE DATA AND THE TREATMENT OF THE DATA

1. The Data Needed

This study intends meeting the intellectual, knowledge level, and abilities of the United States military chaplain corps in their diagnostic and treatment of those afflicted with combat related stress. The target population for the proposed study, thus, consists of two sample groups; (1) military chaplains, and; (2) members of the uniformed services who have served in hostile environments subjecting them to possible stress related (Unwin, Blatchley et al., 1999).

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Wittgenstein believed that flaws in philosophical reasoning would be exposed by understanding the hidden flaws in language. To that end he wrote extensively on the topic of understanding linguistics in order to clarify the language flaws. He asserted that while good for day to day conversation, but unsuitable for defining complex philosophical arguments. This is in part because when people are talking the subject is taken in context and defined by the parameters of the conversation. However, philosophical matters are taken beyond everyday experience and need more specific terms in order to be discussed and understood. The words knowing ...

Essay, MLA

Philosophy – Three Essays 1. Identify ONE of the following philosophers' ideological orientations as either Apollonian or Dionysian: Rene Descartes or John Locke. Provide a brief argument justifying your identification. (700 words, Works Cited, Double Spacing, 12 points) 2. Does John Stuart Mill's Utilitarian Ethics have as its epistemological basis Rationalism or Empiricism? Why? (700 words, Works Cited, Double Spacing, 12 points) John Stuart Mill’s (1806-1873) Utilitarian Ethics has as its epistemological basis the radical, interpretative empiricism where all knowledge comes from experience. He argued that mathematical statements, for instance, express mere probabilities on account of their extensive reconfirmation. ...

Introduction

Marcus Aurelius is one of the most influential philosophers. Ideally, he has substantial reasons why he came up with his philosophical works including the “Meditations”. Stoic Aristo’s readings and reports influenced Aurelius’ efforts to come up with his philosophical piece of work. These readings initiated a sense of self-acceptance and confidence in Aurelius’ philosophical works. The “Meditations” is a very different from the text from the other philosophical texts. Most of the elements that are significant in the book elevate towards Aurelius’ personal experiences. Some of these experiences such as death and livelihood irritations manifest in the entire ...

Socrates and Descartes are some of the greatest Greek philosophers of their time as they greatly impacted western and modern day thoughts or philosophy. They are known as fathers of philosophy as a result of their philosophical inquiry which forms the basis of modern day thoughts. Socrates was an inscrutable individual and one of the philosophers who demonstrated enigma during his lifetime. He changed the manner in which philosophy is conceived, although he did not write anything. The Socratic teaching method or elenctic is one such thought that survived throughout several years. Descartes, on the other hand, started his ...

Plato and Aristotle, along with the first great philosopher Socrates, are considered to be the founders of all philosophical concepts and the top of Greek philosophy. They developed such philosophical systems that lately found a number of adherents, and even nowadays famous philosophers apply to the classic works of Plato and Aristotle since after these Greek authors there were not any fundamentally new ideas in philosophical studies. However, the difference between Plato’s and Aristotle’s views is significant; even though Plato laid the foundation of many political, social thoughts and the theory of Ideas, they were criticized by ...

The foundation for human consciousness is the mind. All of human perception and knowledge is processed through the mind; without the mind-- without the brain-- human beings would not be able to understand the world in the way that they do. Humanity is arguably unique in its understanding of the world; it has names for physical things and concepts, whereas other beings are incapable of this level of understanding. However, because the mind is so important for humanity’s understanding of the world, it begs the question of whether or not the mind is the only way for humanity ...

Philosophy

I am of the strictest opinion that the philosophical ideologies of Malcolm x are far more reliable and effective in dealing with a situation where I am in a position to stop an assassin from taking the life of Mahatma Gandhi. The philosophical teachings of Malcolm x are far much better in such a situation than the philosophical teachings of Gandhi himself. To answer the question if I saw an assassin about to take the life of mahatma Gandhi and I had a rifle and a clear shot of the assassin I would take out my weapon and take ...

Richard Bach’s Illusions: The Adventures of a Reluctant Messiah, published in 1977, is the memorable follow-up to his extraordinary bestseller Jonathan Livingston Seagull. Unlike Bach’s earlier offering, Illusions did not receive mass audience admiration, but rather became a cult classic. There is a proverb, a quote, a saying, “When the student is ready, the teacher will appear.” That is what happens in Illusions when Richard Bach, a renowned author from the West, encounters Donald Shimoda, a self-proclaimed ‘messiah’ from the East, who ends up becoming Bach’s spiritual teacher, and teaches him that everything in the world ...

There are not many philosophers in history as influential as Saint Thomas of Aquinas. His works have influenced western philosophy for centuries and found a way to conciliate theological thought and reason. He was a man of his age, one who followed tradition and sought nothing more than to remain faithful to Christ and his church, but knew how to introduce long rejected philosophical systems that were considered contrary to the interests of the clergy. This work is gives an account of the life of Thomas of Aquinas, his academic works, his philosophy and the impact he had on ...

Abstract

The concepts of national identity and Chinese imperialism are among the most essential postulates of Chinese cultural framework. The first explorations of these issues were taken by the ancient Chinese philosophers, while the culmination of their development took place in the late 17th century, when the imminent danger of foreign invasion became evident for the Chinese Empire. Wang Fuzhi is recognized as one of the most prolific Chinese scholars and political thinkers. Although his main accomplishments took place during the decline of the Ming Dynasty, nevertheless he managed to articulate the frameworks of Chinese national identity and the role ...

Taoism – is the Chinese traditional doctrine, which contains elements of religion, mysticism, divination, shamanism, meditation and traditional philosophy and science. The followers of Taoism are called Taoists. Yellow Emperor (the ancestor of all Chinese) is considered as the founder of the Taoism. In the history of Taoism is a separation doctrine in philosophical Taoism (dao chia), developed in neo Taoism and religious (dao jiao), which included alchemy, demonology, treatment. Since its inception Taoism has not created a single church, and his doctrinal position orthodox referral is formed in particular, common to all believers of dogma. This was reflected on ...

1. Introduction The most of the people in the world was guided by some of the philosophers. The philosopher is the great thinkers that they can provide good advice to lead the good society. The ancient kings obeyed the advice of philosophers. The most famous among them are Socrates. The Socrates is a great thinker and philosopher; his sayings are still followed by most of the people. The one among the best philosopher is Confucius. The Confucius was born in 551- 447 BCE in the nation called china. The Confucius is the most influential philosopher in china. The thinking ...

The following is an interview conducted relating to a k-12 teacher pertaining to his worldview and basic philosophical principles. The interviews involved his believe on what makes him a teacher and his philosophical believes and principles as a teacher. Eight questions were asked where subject remarks was analysed on every question; providing description of the educators role, including connections to educational concept and finally making overall conclusions regarding the teacher. Following this, below are the question asked ; - As a teacher, what is your philosophy basis of education? In my opinion, the philosophy basis of education refers to the ...

Introduction

The doctrine of Heraclitus is not only one of the earliest specimens of Greek materialism, but also a wonderful example of Greek dialectics. He was a contemporary of the failed uprising of the Greek cities conquered by the Persians against the conquerors. Heraclitus's contemporaries often considered him brash, arrogant man, who did not bother to explain his ideas, puzzles, mind-ciphers to others. Greeks called him the Dark. It remains unclear whether he was called the Dark, because he wrote in a poetic, is not very clear language, or because he was prone to aphorisms, sounding paradoxical, sometimes defiant. Maybe ...

Plato's Influence on Medieval Thought

Plato's Influence on Medieval Thought

Introduction

Plato was born in 428/427 BCE in Athens, Greece. He was a Greek philosopher and Socrates’ student. Plato founded the Academy and best known for his efforts in philosophical works depicting unparalleled influence. Building on various demonstrations by individuals like Socrates that those considered as experts in every ethical matter did not have proper understanding necessary for a prompt human life, Plato came up an idea that the mistake were caused by their lack of proper engagement with a class of identities that he referred to as forms. Key examples of these forms include ...

I THINK, THEREFORE I AM "I think; therefore I am" was a seventeenth century statement that Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, used and philosophically proved it beyond doubt. Descartes was initially in the process of figuring out his real nature using reasoning as opposed to experience that many philosophers of his time used. He is considered one of the first philosophers to explore human as more than flesh and blood (Weate, 1998, pp. 34-45). He believed that the processes and means through which individuals judged their environments as well as formed their opinions justified their existence (Weissman, 2006, pp. ...

Discuss this statement in relation to two areas of knowledge.

Philosophy Philosophical assumptions relating the theory of knowledge aspire towards an understanding of and differentiating among belief, truth and justification. Over the ages since Immanuel Khant’s propositions regarding enlightenment philosophers are still struggling to define and conceptualize the term in relation to knowledge acquisition, revision and validation. As such, in perceiving that ‘knowledge is nothing more than the systematic organization of facts’ it would become necessary to define knowledge and facts. Subsequently, a detailed differentiation between the two will be embraced and thereafter conclusions derived from the exposition in relation to two are of knowledge namely religion and ...

When it comes to measuring the intellectual capability and the level of human relationships, the young people are the best instruments. This can never be achieved better by looking at any other place rather than the American society. The American youth and what they display is a fundamental measure of how environment affects behaviour. The ever changing behaviour of the society is so alarming which has prompted literature writers and other scholars to condemn the act. Technology not only promises people an easy life but also providing measures through which people can leave a life free of stress despite ...

Abstract

Democratic Kampuchea was one of the most violent regimes to ever rule. During the course of their rule, they were responsible for the death of more than two million individuals; as a proportion of the nation’s size, this is an incredibly large number. The deaths were the result of a nearly fundamentalist adherence to the philosophies espoused in The Communist Manifesto, and were incredibly damaging to the nation in both the long term and the short term. The years following the second world war were a tumultuous time for the world as a whole. The world knew that ...

Epistemological view on knowledge

Introduction The definition of knowledge cuts across many spectrums. Philosophical constructions by both Plato and Socrates have been launched by various scholars in the explanation of what knowledge is. However the constructions, one evident outcome is a dilemmatic hold on the different propositions that are held by the different scholars. The argumentative assertions have often been countered by questionings in relation to what is exactly known when one says that they have knowledge. This paper attempts to explain what knowledge is following a philosophical inclination and also investigate the reactions that epistemological theorists would have on the same. The ...

States of Reason and Being:

The Influence of Jesus, Darwin, Heidegger and Schwab on Higher Education

Abstract

The effect of Jesus, Charles Darwin, Martin Heidegger and Joseph Schwab on higher education is at once complex and subtle. Jesus revealed the essential simplicity inherent in passing on knowledge to others. Yet the lessons he imparted reached average persons on many levels and altered the course of history. Charles Darwin showed that the centuries-old tradition of rote learning, in which the student is a participant but not the subject, could be changed and a participatory approach instituted that more closely resembles the society it is ...

Abstract

This paper talks about the Nature of Philosophy and describes in detail the main inquiries of philosophy. An attempt has been made to explain areas that are widely accepted to be ‘main’ and of primary importance. These include the areas of Logic, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics and Aesthetics.

The paper also delves into the approaches used by philosophers to address the numerous questions raised by each specific inquiry. These methods are described with respect to the modules of thinking or actions so used by contemporary as well as age-old philosophers.

The paper then goes on to ...

One has to comprehend that the question of realism comes into play in regard to the domains of aesthetics, ethics, causation, science, modality, semantics, mathematics, and also the everyday world of human existence. Philosophers across the globe are either realists or non-realists regarding various topics. As such, many of the philosophers are realists about the realm of macroscopic objects and also the properties that they entail. However, it can be so that there is no straightforward choice between being a proponent of realism or non-realism. It has to be reckoned that the very question of the plausibility and nature ...

Descartes, Leibniz and Spinoza on Substance

Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz are the three philosophers that stand out among their contemporaries in the seventeenth century as the greatest rationalists. While constructing their philosophical systems, each of them sought to incorporate philosophical and theological foundations to explain the existence and the essence of substance as regards, mental, physical and moral universe. In discussing their philosophy in relation to substance, the three philosophers are known in their philosophical systems as Leibnizian pluralism, Spinozan monism and Cartesian dualism.

Descartes’ Account on Substance: Cartesian Duality

Descartes’ philosophical system on substance was extremely influential on the subsequent 17 century philosophers who developed their own accounts in reference ...

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The concept of beauty is a function of multiple variables. The idea of beauty is ephemeral and ever changing. It cannot possibly be static or constant. One of the basic reasons that make the perception of beauty so transient and ever changing is the fact that the perception of beauty is a subjective phenomenon. In an online dictionary, the term “subjective” has been defined as “existing in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to the object of thought.” (“Definition of Subjective” Dictionary.com) The online dictionary further defines the term “subjective” as placing ...

1970-1980’s (Newman, Parse, Watson, Rogers) iv. Development of the metaparadigm per Fawcett

v. Development of paradigms 1. Simultaneity and Totality 2. Particulate-Deterministic, Interactive -Integrative, Unitary Transformative III. Discuss knowledge development in nursing (10 points) a. Carper’s Ways of Knowing b. Emancipatory Knowing c. Ways of unknowing d. Role of research e. Role of the socio political environment IV. Application/Synthesis for Advanced Practice (10 points)

Describe how the new advanced knowledge, in the course to date has informed and influenced your own perspective on nursing:

i. Philosophic a. What philosophy is most congruent with your own personal philosophy and why? ii. Paradigm of Nursing a. Discuss the congruence between your nursing philosophy and your nursing paradigm b. Describe which ways of knowing are most integral and important to your theory, philosophy ...

Allows Expounding on Ancient Greek Ideas

Introduction Historically, from the time of Jesus’ crucifixion and the founding of Christianity, the treatment of Christians depended on who ruled Rome. The long-term significance of the Edict of Milan’s in 313 (Rosenwein 1) authoritarian pronouncement gave the right for Christians worshiping and conducting their faith in God on their own terms without fear of disquieting treatment and more importantly without persecution. This scholastic undertaking discusses how the Edict of Milan ensuring the safety of believers during the evolution of the first Christian church resulting in emerging theological ideas aligned to the human condition. In doing so, thus, ...

Philosophical optimism is one of the major topics in Voltaire’s Candide. Throughout the story, Voltaire’s has employed satirical references to describe “the best of all possible worlds” as stated by Dr. Pangloss, contrasting them with the natural disasters and the evil that human beings engage in. Dr. Pangloss and Martin, major characters in the novel, have different views of the world. Dr. Pangloss is seen as an advocate of philosophical optimism, believing that everything is for the best and that evil exists as a means to the greater good (Mason 4). He sees everything as being for ...

Philosophical optimism is one of the major topics in Voltaire’s Candide. Throughout the story, Voltaire’s has employed satirical references to describe “the best of all possible worlds” as stated by Dr. Pangloss, contrasting them with the natural disasters and the evil that human beings engage in. Dr. Pangloss and Martin, major characters in the novel, have different views of the world. Dr. Pangloss is seen as an advocate of philosophical optimism, believing that everything is for the best and that evil exists as a means to the greater good (Mason 4). He sees everything as being for ...

[Client’s Name] [Client’s Professor] [Client’s Subject] 2. One day you receive the following letter:

I am in the process of putting together a must-read list of great philosophers. Some of the works that have been recommended to me are Plato’s Phaedo, Descartes’ Meditations, Berkeley’s Three Dialogues, Kant’s Prolegomena, and Schlick’s “Positivism and Realism.” I understand that you have recently studied these works in depth, and I would value your opinion. Please choose one of these works and tell me whether you think its philosophical content justifies putting it on my list. Explain ...

TRADE ASSIGNMENT

The silk roads were very instrumental in early trade. They enabled traders to travel long distances over an extended period of time in the name of commerce. They also enabled trade in an area that was vast thus opening up markets to exotic products from distant lands. The period in which the Silk Road was used was also a period which marked the springing up of major religions and their spread in the region. As a result some traders took advantage of the Silk Road to spread their religion. In other instances the circumstances forced certain traders using the ...

Voltaire’s was a philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment whose most famous work is the novella Candide explores many of the popular schools of thoughts of the Enlightenment period. 1759, the year that Candide was first published was a time of great change of thought happening in Europe and the novel presents ideas found in three of the dominant school’s of thought, Rationalisms, Skepticism, and romanticism. By exploring these philosophies and showing how Candide treats them, we come to the conclusions that it was not Voltaire’s intent to support any of this particular schools of thought ...

A very popular misconception about skeptics is the general idea that they are individuals who have a tendency to disbelieve things. However the true and actual meaning of skepticism wonders far away from doubt, negativity or disbelief. Skepticism is a process that involves more of the application of critical thinking and detailed reasoning in the determination of the validity of a given issue. Skepticism involves pursuit of supported conclusion in the determination of truths and facts. It involves systematic doubt, suspended judgment and often elements of criticism. It also entails doubt concerning widely accepted religious and cultural principles for ...

The word ‘Philosophy’ originated from the words ‘Philo’ and ‘Sophia’ meaning love and wisdom. Philosophy is concerned with all inquiries, pursuit and practices of wisdom. It specifically entails a systematic human study of their perceptions, thinking and reasoning. One might say that a man/woman without a philosophy is a man/woman without a direction. This is because people live in accordance to the digestion of what they perceive their environments. This paper will take an analytic view of the effects of philosophical beliefs to human life. Discussion will base on the character analysis in the ‘narrative of the life of ...

Philosophy has evolved since time immemorial. Different philosophers at different times come up with arguments and views that according to them, are supposed t form the back bone of human life. Their ideas always support or critic those philosophers who came before them. In the Case of Descartes and John Locke, theirs are views and arguments that came at the right time and shaped to some extent how people lived during and long after their existence (Cahn 16). Some of the views that they came up with are clearly and elaborately argued out in this essay. Descartes in all ...

There are many different ways of looking at the world, and philosophical ideas come and go in style just like many other things. Changes in larger philosophical ideas and ideals may happen due to cultural shifts or large incidents; humanity is largely reactionary, and philosophers are no exception to this rule. Today, many thinkers, artists, and writers can be grouped under a humanist classification or a poststructuralist classification when considering their work. Humanism and poststructuralism are not two sides of the same coin, although they are sometimes presented as such; however, when it comes to the meaning of the ...

Introduction

Socrates was a classical eccentric philosopher in the ancient Greek. He was born in Athens and lived between the years 469 B.C.E to 399 B.C.E. He was born in a humble family; his father was a mason and his mother a midwife. He lived during a period when the world was morally uninformed, and eternal truth was disregarded. He studied philosophy and used this knowledge to question people’s illogical reasoning and injustice during social gatherings. He was condemned of corrupting the young people and criticizing democracy in governance and authority given to the religious system. Socrates formed a ...

Introduction

Anyone tackling any part of the topic of death remains subjective, philosophical, scientific, and arbitrary, as is the case in my view that separation of the soul from the body captures the significance of death as proposed in this paper. From the onset in my taking this view the implication points to the philosophical because as of this time in the 21st century there exists no known method for determining the separation of the ephemeral quality of the soul from the physicality of the body .That is the finality of the entire debate. \However, it is this very concern ...

The dual court system is perhaps among the most important and the most perplexing traits of the judicial structure and system in the United States. As a result of having a dual court system, both state and national levels of government in the United States have their own set of courts. Each state in the United States and the District of Columbia has its own separate court system, and the federal government has its own separate court system as well (Neubauer, 2002). The United States has a dual court system because of the federal system of government established by ...

The evolution of moral values follows the arc of ancient Greek society, from its martial antecedents in the Homeric age through the blossoming of high culture that immortalized the Athenians to the subjective meditations of the Stoics. The series of armed conflicts that archaeologists have identified as the Trojan War (circa 1200 B.C.) were manifestations of ancient Mycenaean culture, an Indo-European civilization characterized by warfare and the virtues of physical courage. From this heroic past came the concepts of arete, or “excellence,” and agathos, roughly translated as “good.” A close reading of Homer reveals that “agathos is used to ...

In philosophy, the subject of knowledge is both extensive in scope and technical in nature. This specific philosophical endeavor is more aptly called epistemology, and it is solely concerned with demystifying the phenomenon of knowledge, most especially from a backdrop of physical existence and objective reality. Several notable philosophers have written extensively on this subject, including Bertrand Russell and Immanuel Kant. In essence, epistemology is quite broad but it is basically concerned with understanding knowledge from three key standpoints: knowing how to, knowing that, and knowing through acquaintance (Nola and Irzik 55). It essentially aims at developing a core ...

1. Introduction This thesis shall be limited to a critical analysis of Alain de Botton’s book, The Consolations of Philosophy; of the year 2000 which introduced a new perspective not only to the study of philosophy but also its application in our day to day lives. It is significant to point out that this book was a follow-up of the original Consolation of Philosophy that was written by Boethius in 524 A.D. basically, Boethius personified philosophy as a woman whereby he asserted paradoxical relationship between fortune and misfortune especially in relation to the phenomenon of human happiness. Therefore ...

- Describe the basic issues in metaphysics and epistemology between Idealists and Materialists

Metaphysically and epistemologically, the philosophical view that human beings have both mind and body is termed as dualism. However, there is much philosophical disagreement (dichotomy) about the exact association between mind (spirit) and body (matter).

Idealists hold the view that the mind is distinct from physical objects while the materialists maintain the exact opposite. For the former, the self and personality are attributable to one’s immortal soul while for the latter, they assert that the mind (soul) is in some ways a product of the body. Furthermore, generally, idealists hold the view that the act of knowing takes place ...

Introduction

In order to sufficiently define post-modernity, we need to look at the meaning of modernity since it is the predecessor to post-modernity. Modernism simply refers to a capability of moving forward and making some progress towards a given goal. Most of the theories that led to modernity rested on personal goals whereby each person wanted to maximize his/her interests and minimize the rate of dissatisfaction that they could be exposed to. Modernity can also be used to refer to the post industrial era which had several developments taking place. In order for a person to be fulfilled in modernity, ...

William James’ philosophy is known as pragmatism. As the name suggests, this philosophy approaches philosophical issues practically. In other words, the goal of philosophy should be to serve practical ends, according to William James, while on the contrary, the traditional philosophy, according to William James has been largely intellectually stimulating but devoid of any practical value. In context of religious issues, it is not important whether God exists or not or whether the proofs of existence for God are valid or not, according to William James, not just because these debates are interminable but also because they serve no ...

St. Augustine Confessions

The confessions of Saint Augustine take us through the life of transformation for a Christian. The time comes in the life of an individual to make crucial decisions for his or her life, which maybe contrary to their previous believes. As a child grows, they learn a lot from their parents and more especially the mother, who happens to be close most of the times. However, as the child brows, he/she is exposed to a different environment with more compounded influences. For instance, Augustine grew up in a Christian background with his mother imparting Christian values into his life. ...