Essays on Heat

Objectives

The aim of this experiment is to study the effective thermal conductivity of a heat pipe. This is achieved by measuring the difference in temperature across the heat pipe and another conductor made of the same material and size. The temperature measurement for both the pipe and conductor is done under identical thermal conditions.

Apparatus

- Copper-water heat pipe – The specimen whose thermal conductivity is to be found. It is represented in Figure 1.
- Solid Copper Wire – The reference material of same size.
- Thermocouple (quantity – 3) – Temperature measuring instrument (analogue).
- Multi-channel digital thermometer – Temperature measuring instrument (digital)

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Heated hose pipes are the pipes that offer constant water supply in freezing temperatures. Mostly, they are built and designed to fit personal equipment, structure and requirements. Mainly, they are made up of thermostat switches. As temperature approaches freezing zones, the heat from the heaters keeps the water flowing if need arises. Mainly, the heating element used is copper wire. It’s mainly inside the hose pipeline. It mainly regulates the water flow by turning on and off the heater. The element is usually 50 feet long as it runs with the hose pipe. The length and diameter plays

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Abstract

The seawater forms 97% of water of the world, and the icecaps account for 2%. The portion of water available for human consumption is barely 0.5% and that also in aquifers. The widening gap between availability and requirement of potable water especially in the Gulf countries has necessitated newer methods and technologies for production of water suitable for human consumption. This situation in the Gulf region has developed due to non- availability of surface water, high growth of population and urbanization, and water depletion. The present paper takes account of the desalinization of seawater plant established in Abu Dhabi

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Introduction

Building simulation methods should focus on the effect that occurs between convective heat repulsion between external air circulation and the given wall surfaces. This study will take a closer look on the effects of heat transfer on a brick surface. A tetrahedral mesh will be used to scertain for the effects that are caused on the walls. A brick wall is known for its thermal characteristic of absorbing heat. Therefore, this thermal property will also be studied in this study. Most authors have attributed this norm to behavior of the different correlations that are used to estimate the exact

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Today, one of the global issues people face to is different types of pollution. With human development, pollution is becoming worse, and as a result, other issues appear. Among them are global warming, new diseases, deforestation and many others. But, it was not like this all the time, as at the beginning the level of pollution was not so high. Otherwise, it would have been an apocalypse already. That was the industry development that caused global pollution.
Even in the late 13th century, people knew about air pollution. For instance, King of England Edward I punished every Londoner, who

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Methods of Heat Transfer

Conduction
The first method through which heat is transferred from one object to another is conduction. Conduction occurs in liquids and solids through transfer of kinetic energy present in one particle to the immediate particle(s) in its surrounding. By considering the bonds existing between atoms and molecules in solids as elastic links, the vibration of one particle due to increase energy level caused by heat, the next in its line vibrate too. This process is replicated in adjacent particles thereby allowing transfer of thermal energy from a body with a higher temperature as compared to the one with

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Literature review

Heat transfer and friction characteristics in a square duct roughened by various shaped ribs on one wall [Aliaga, b, 1994]. Liquid crystal thermograph is used to measure local and average heat transfer coefficient of ribbed surface. The ribs height to duct hydraulic diameter ratio is fixed to 0.1. The rib pitch to height ratio varies from 8 to 15 and Reynolds number spans from 8000 to 20,000[Aliaga, b, 1994]. The experiment consists of heat transfer test and pressure test. The test experiment consists of 750mm long smooth duct followed by a rib-roughened section of equal length. Plexiglas

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Introduction

Efficient energy utilization is an important aspect of human life. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can never be created nor destroyed. Thus, it is essential to utilize the energy available for us effectively and efficiently. Energy can be transformed from one form to another by use of appropriate transducers. When designing a house, it is essential to do it with the greatest regard to efficient energy use as well as safety to the environment. House designers should always come up with designs that promote efficient energy use. For instance, utilization of renewable energy should be

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Objective

Purpose of this laboratory is to inspect the effect of precipitation hardening in Aluminum and steel alloys.
Theory
Hardness is a property of a material which delineates resistance to permanent or plastic deformation. For metals, hardness is generally defined as the resistance to indentation. One way to attain hardness is to look into the effect of precipitation hardening. This type of hardening helps to detain the yield strength in the material. There are four methods used to test hardness of a material: Rockwell, Brinell, Vickers, and Knoop. The Rockwell hardness test measures the depth of indentation, while the other

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This paper entails that water has an extraordinarily large precise heat and large heats of fusion and vaporization. This is the reason as to why the weather and ecosystem depend upon water in all three states, i.e. gas, liquid and solid form. In addition, it shows the reason as to how the world would be like if water thermodynamic properties were like other materials. This will enable us to be aware of the significance of water thermodynamic properties in the world as a whole. It is an approach that will enable us be aware of how the world would

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Analysis of Oil Palm Shell Concrete-A Review

Many researches have been conducted on to use oil palm shell (OPS) as the light weight material in last three decades. It is an agricultural waste normally generated from palm oil industry. This industry is normally situated in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and some other countries. There are many products being made from OPS. The use of OPS as lightweight aggregate in making concrete mix is the main project of many companies in different countries including Malaysia that was first introduced by Abdullah in 1984. Malaysia playing an important role in manufacturing of different oil palm products as it gives

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MEMORANDUM

This memorandum gives a description the extended description of how solar heat is generated for cooking. This description will include sections as follows: purpose of the concept, principles of heat, materials requirements, design principles, operation of solar cooking device, and future development. With this information, the basic description of the concept of solar cooking shall have been described.

Purpose of the concept

Solar cooking is a technology that is utilized in using the solar energy to generate heat for cooking. This is a technology that has been seen to help many users utilize solar energy for cooking. With this technology, energy from the

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In this assignment, food analysis involves involve several procedures that have been used to identify the various methods with which the fats, salts, ash and moisture in food are subjected to different conditions to produce results. Several methods have been used with a combination of different solutions that have been able to produce different results. Therefore, this report would include several methods that were applied on fats, salts, ash as well as moisture in food. For instance, soxhlet method would be used in the determination of fat content in foods, Mohr method was used to determine the amount of

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Publisher: Butterworth Heinemann

- Clive Beggs had formerly been Chartered, BRE advisor, and engineer of the School of Civil Engineering under The University of Leeds and is the serving Professor of Medical Technology in the University of Bradford.
- He is a biomedical scientist and mechanical engineer and excels in the field of energy management.
- He, a world known speaker, has authored several scientific papers on designing of buildings that consume low energy, and are environment friendly.
- No wonder, he is the recipient of CIBSE Bronze Medal for his achievements in the field of desiccant cooling that uses water as

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Global warming is mainly a process that uses the atmosphere of the earth as a blanket to hold energy from the sun to heat the air. As of now the global warming process has made the earth’s atmosphere hotter up to around 60 degrees Fahrenheit compared to the latter years. The effects of global warming are being experienced throughout the earth with increased temperatures and irregular weather patterns. The world has undergone several climatic changes over the past centuries. These past changes occurred slowly ranging over a period of hundreds of thousand years, but the process has been

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Solid dispersion can be defined as a cluster of solid creations made up of at least two distinguished components one being a hydrophobic drug and the other a hydrophilic matrix which can take any form depending on the crystalline or amorphous nature of the solids used (see figure 1). In the context of pharmaceuticals, this technology was developed to help improve the solubility and bioavailability of oral drugs. Studies have indicated that a score of patients prefers oral drugs for their simplicity in administration hence they show more compliance in comparison to other types of drugs administered in different

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Iron

Iron as a chemical element is referred to by the symbol Fe and has an atomic number 26 on the periodic table. Iron is a metal in the first transition series and is the most abundant element on the outer and inner surface of the earth.

Iron was discovered in 2000 BCE when it replaced bronze in manufacture of tools and weapons and ushered in the Iron Age. Iron was first used in South-Central and South-West Asia. Iron was picked over bronze because when it is blended with carbon, it becomes harder and durable. Iron can also hold a

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My favorite food – Pizza

Who hasn’t enjoyed eating food? If you are dining at home or eating out at your favorite restaurant with family and friends it is always a treat. I love to eat pepperoni pizza, it is my favorite. Just thinking about a large pepperoni pizza gives me an irresistible hunger that becomes painful in the stomach if I do not get my favorite food. On entering the restaurant the delicious, warm smell of dough and a million spices tickles the nostrils and sends finger-like sensors to the brain. Sitting and waiting is torture and the anticipation of biting into

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Introduction

Global warming has been a very common issue to a lot of people. It had become the topic of every conference, seminars and meeting around the world. It is clear to a lot of people that global warming is no longer a prediction, because scientific studies and evidence continues to arise that the earth’s climate is changing at a very fast pace. Even though the evidence is clear, there is no certainty in every single detail of the evidence because of the nature of science. Global warming has caused a lot of change to the state of the

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First of all, it is worth saying that Gulf Stream influences primarily atmosphere temperatures in Europe. Heinz Wanner says that Gulf Stream transports energy and heat from the southern to the northern hemisphere making temperatures in European countries augment (Tulloch). Subsequently, this means that in case of Gulf Stream stopping European countries will “experience Siberian summers and deep-freeze winters” (What Will Happen When the Gulf Stream Collapses?). North America and Europe are claimed to experience strong winter storms and multi-year droughts (NC State University). Moreover, this will logically lead to impossibility of growing crops and breeding cattle as people

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Did you ever wonder why wearing white in a hot summer day is more comfortable than wearing black? Or why some of the dark colors are viewed as hot colors and the light colors are cool? The answer lies in the adsorption of light of the materials depending on its color. A thermal energy source like the sun will converts its thermal energy into electromagnetic waves which will be transported to its receiver. These electromagnetic waves will be absorbed by the receiver and it will convert back into thermal energy or heat. The difference in the absorption properties of

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Abstract

This experiment is meant to investigate how environmental factors such as wind, light, and heat affect the rate of transpiration in Zebra plants, Coleus, and Geranium. Among the environmental factors studied were: wind, light and temperature conducted. The study showed that the rate of transpiration was highest in coleus plant. Geranium plant showed the second highest rate of transpiration. The rate of transpiration is different from one plant species to another depending on the different morphologies and features. The rate of transpiration increased under wind and heat for all the plants tested. On the other hand, Zebra plant, recorded

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Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the specific heat capacity of unknown substance and use the quantity to identify the substance. The specific heat capacities of the metals were determined to be 0.890 Jg-1K-1 and 0.361 Jg-1K-1. The metals were identified as aluminum and copper respectively. The percentage uncertainty in the determination of specific heat capacities of aluminum and copper were found to be 0.78% and 6.23% respectively. These errors were attributed to loss of heat in the atmosphere.

Introduction and Theory

The amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance is proportional to its mass and temperature differences (

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2734 Serenade Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89100

Memorandum
- Heating System Recommendation

Introduction

In line with your request, I have hereby looked into the matter and came up with the recommendations outlined below. I am glad that we have finally opted to overhaul our hotel’s heating system. This monumental step will not only revamp our customer experience, but also improve our bottom line. I have assessed the technologies used by our competitors and done a bit of research in emerging heating technologies. I am confident to inform you that once the transition is over, we will be the best in the country in

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Introduction 3

Background on Report 3
Current Technologies
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Technology 5
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) 8
Solar Heating and Cooling (SCH) Technology 10
Analysis and Recommendation 11
Conclusion 12
Figures and Tables
Figure 1: Diagram of a P-N junction in a Photovoltaic Cell 6
Figure 2: A Typical Parabolic Through CSP System 9
Figure 3: Wakiki Shore Apartments in Honolulu, Hawaii 11

Used in Contemporary Society

Introduction
The use of fossil fuels results in combustion gases which contribute to global warming. Furthermore, these combustion gases result in air pollution which is detrimental to the health of humans. People nowadays are leaning more towards

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The world is on the run to look for the cheapest, easiest convenient sources of energy. It is a mystery why the same world is largely dependent on non-renewable source of energy. It has become blind to other solutions readily available like solar energy.
Solar Energy is a source of energy that is produced from the sun to make renewable energy in a process Concentrating Solar Power (CSP). The heat is transferred through radiation from the sun onto solar panel mirrors (Bradford 5). The heat is stored in these panels to be used later on. This form of energy

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Figure 1 Schematic parabolic concentrated solar power (Source adopted: Chu, 2011) 5
Figure 2 Systematic mechanism of Dish/Engine System 12
Figure 3 Illustration of section-A of figure-2 12

Recommendation Report: Dish/Engine Type-The Best Concentrated Solar Power Technology

Introduction
The sun has provided the earth and everything in it with immense energy for years, and lots of these energies are left untapped. Even with the unprecedented advancement in technology today, only a little solar power is tapped. The studies reported that the side of the Earth having facing towards the Sun, a square kilometer at the outer edge of the atmosphere gets solar power up to 1,400 MW

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2734 Serenade Drive

Las Vegas, NV 89100

Memorandum 2
This is a business memorandum in response to your memorandum regarding the selection of a proper boiler for our Salt City property. I am very glad that your proposal to upgrade the heating system has been approved, as it is in dire need for a superior boiler. The current heating solutions installed at Salt City make us of water boilers, which use obsolete technology. This is the reason of frequent customer complaints and inefficient heating at lower temperatures. As I have mentioned in my previous memo, we can make use of the water tube

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The year is divided into phases depending upon the weather conditions. There are three seasons in some regions and four in others. Seasons are cyclical and correspond with specific months in the year in every region. The transition from one season to another is not abrupt; one season gradually changes to another and there is some overlapping. The cycle of seasons is natural and smooth. It is the result of the earth’s distance from the sun and the tilt of the axis at twenty three and a half degrees. Two seasons are in sharp contrast to each other

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August Heat

It is 20 August, nine at the morning, when Mr. James Clarence Withencroft decides to write down his routine events, but ends up making a sketch of a criminal, over-weighted man.
The artist feels accomplished in the end and unconsciously puts it into his pocket and goes out for a walk and coincidently reaches “CHS. Atkinson Manson”, he enters it and to his surprise, he finds the man he just sketched some hours ago. There is a mystery in meeting between the two as they come across unexplained things like the inscription with Mr. Withencroft’s name, date of

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Braking systems are mechanical devices that have been developed with the purpose to slow, stop or prevent motion. They are present on the virtually all moving devices including automobiles and trains. Brakes operate through different mechanisms and some brakes may actually be complex systems that are made of up more than one type of braking device with some automobiles carrying redundant systems. The choice about what kind of brake should be used on answering two questions. The first is about determining the physical energy transfer method that is the best for the application. The second is about determining which

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Freezing is a form of preservation in which the temperature of the product is reduced to below its actual freezing point. In this case, some of its water content changes its form into ice crystals. Freezing, as a form of preservation, slows down food decay through the hindering of the growth of microorganisms. As we all know, the less water or moisture content prevents the rapid growth of bacteria.
The pattern on how freezing happens can be traced through the freezing curve. The first thing that happens is that the product cools until it reaches its freezing point then

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As the price of oil and its derivatives fluctuate and reserves of easily accessible sweet crude decline, the cost of energy consumption has increased. Conversely, world energy consumption increased over 49% between 1984 and 2004 [1]. Based on calculations of extraction costs and energy needs, it is clear that fossil fuels are an unsustainable source of energy and as a result, there has been increasing interest in finding alternative methods of energy generation and reducing current use. This interest has been exacerbated due to the negative environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. Buildings are an enormous part of overall

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People have always aspired to harness and manipulate the surrounding world. Efforts to subdue and to change the nature were always connected with the invention of different types of mechanical and artificial devices that help to override the environment. One of the most important part of the surroundings for people is energy. Attempts to conquer the energy have started before the industrial revolution. People used power of sun, wind, water and animals to do their jobs. Then there was machines that were able to use the power of steam. Scientists and engineers such as Thomas Newcomen and James Watt

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Business and Economics

Occurrence of disasters of epic proportions disrupt the lives of members or citizens of any given community. These individuals look up to their very own authorities for assistance, both material and immaterial. It is prudent to understand that all kinds of calamities can affect a large section of a country’s populace. The adverse effects or impact of the disasters can impair the effectiveness of government response. In many case scenarios, a country’s economic system influences the degree to which the authorities can avail its resources in aiding the affected. The best economic system suited in ensuring crisis

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Childhood fascination with notebooks turned me into their collector. Notebooks, with reams of pale unexplored paper bound together by two hard covers, represent a boundless heap of possibilities. I would flick through the blank pages, my fingers slivering along their crisp edges, as I sprawl over the carpet of my bedroom. I start to imagine all the doodles and secrets I would soon scrawl onto its bare surfaces. I adore the latitude notebooks afford and spent many hours with unfettered imagination to be ingenious and creative. These notebooks excite me the same way a blank canvas provokes an artist

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Introduction

In this experiment, we are interested to determine the heat change of two different reactions using the ice calorimeter. The heat change values are applied together with the given values of the heat transformation of water (∆H(H2O)) and the application of hess law to establish the heat of formation of MgO (∆H(MgO))
A formation reaction has a defined stoichiometry which makes them ideal constructs to be investigated by the Bunsen ice calorimeter. When the heat is released by the reaction, it causes the ice to melt and the volume of the ice-water mixture to contract. From the

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Following the story of the use of ethanol to provide warmth in cold environments, this paper presents research on the effect the consumption of ethanol has on an individual’s body temperature. Firstly, the distribution of heat in the body is done by the blood. Through the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, the body loses and retains head respectively. Given that ethanol enters the bloodstream directly upon consumption, its effects are almost immediate. Its presence in the blood causes the widening of blood vessels due to its vasodilation effect (Eston & Reily, 2013).
This results in an increase in

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Introduction

Transpiration is the process involving the movement of water from the roots through the xylem to the atmosphere via the stomata. About 95% of the water absorbed by plants is transpired to the atmosphere. The plant uses the remaining 5% for its metabolic functions such as photosynthesis and respiration (Ahmadi and Baker, 259).
The movement of water in the vascular plant is as a result of the coordination among the three plant organs: the root, the stem, and the leaf. Roots have root hairs located toward its growing tip. The root hairs form extensions of the epidermal cells referred

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There are several environmental threats in humanity today. These environmental threats affect every aspect of human life, including social and economic aspects. Wildfires are among the most devastating of environmental threats with adverse effects on the affected regions and the world at large. The region of North America has been a region prone to wildfires in history. A wildfire is also referred to as a wildland fire, grass fire, forest fire and vegetation fire. Therefore, the vast vegetation in the regions of North America is a key factor that influences the experiences of wildfires in that region. A wildfire

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