Essays on Metal

Machining Technology is a manufacturing process that involves the foundational and basic principles about cutting via the application of various cutting tools. Despite the many modern technological advancement in this field of material science, it cannot be denied that there are the same principles involved both from the traditional and modern up-to-date techniques. Machining is the application of process used for shaping metals as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Cross sectional view of the machining process. The machining technology is applied in various work materials especially in the use of metals. It is used to shape and create ...

Steel is an alloy of another metal, iron. In addition, it contains carbon components. The carbon content of steel metal varies between 0.002% and 2.1% according to their weight. In fact, it is the carbon component in the steel metal that makes it harder than mere pure iron. As such, these carbon atoms make it hard for any dislocations to occur in the iron crystal lattice preventing the lattice from sliding past each other. Notably, steel is the metal that is most widely used for construction purposes, as well as the most recycled metal on earth. It ranges from ...

Introduction

D1.3 welding code was developed to encompass structural arc welding of strip or sheet steels, incorporating other members of cold formed processes collectively known as sheet steel. The nominal thickness of the sheet steel worked on should be less than or equal to 4.8 millimeter. Furthermore, this code incorporates three categories of welding that are distinctive to sheet metal. They include arc plug, arc seam and arc spot welds.

This welding code is appropriate to the welding of mechanical sheet steels to similar structural steels or other supporting members.

The general stipulations of the code are relevant to a wide range of situations as provided for in the code’s fundamental premise. Approval principles for fabrication of welds diverse ...

Steel drums or what we called Steel Pan were originally created on the island of Caribbean, Trinidad in year 1930s.However, Steel Pan’s history can be traced back to the confined Africans who were brought to the islands during the 1700s (Steelpan-steeldrums-information.com par. 1). They had taken with them components of their Africa lifestyle such as the enjoying of hand percussion. 2). Hand drums are percussion at Africa called Membranophones. These drums became the main percussion gadgets in the yearly Trinidadian event festivities. In year 1877, the judgment English Government prohibited the playing of percussion in an effort to ...

TMD Machining, Inc is aimed at solving the rising need for high-powered machines. In 1995, when TMD Machining was established, material industry lacked in terms of quality and reliability in production. Stakeholders in American market failed to match needs of consumers with their own products leading to an outcry among consumers on quality levels needed. TMD Machining, Inc came into existence with a view of solving such problems as well as establishing a long market relationship that would benefit both customers and investors. TMD machining manufacturing plant for the mega-machine business is located in Plainwell, Michigan. This location serves ...

Lehn defines the concept of Supramolecular chemistry as 'chemistry beyond the molecule'; chemistry of the intermolecular bond that includes the functions and structures of the entities resulting from the bonding between multiple chemical species. According to Vogtle and Alfter (1991), supramolecular chemistry, contrary to molecular chemistry, is based on intermolecular bonding or interactions, while the later is predominantly based on the covalent bonding of atoms. In other words, supramolecular chemistry deals with the bonding between two or more building blocks that are bound together by means of intermolecular bonds. The aforesaid concept bears on the organized entities of higher ...

Different Types of Lighting Available in the Market:

A broad range of lighting lamps is available in the market. Following lights are commonly used in big super markets, hotels and other bigger space places: Incandescent: this type of light is also known as incandescent bulbs. The bulb provides light by heating a specific material kept inside the bulb in the form of filament with electricity. The filament is supported with wire on both sides. The incandescent bulbs are widely accepted and compatible with any temperature. Bulbs do not carry any hazardous material and simple in technology. Metal Halide Light: These lamps are known for their high light ...

reinforced with Aluminium glassy alloys

Engineering

The effects of mixing time, sintering temperature, sintering time and pressure on mechanical properties of a metal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with Aluminium glassy alloys

Introduction

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are an important class of engineering materials because they can continually be adapted to suit the needs of manufacturing and newly available technology. MMCs using aluminium as a basic ingredient can be designed to meet particular needs for high performance materials. Duralumin™ was the first aluminium alloy demonstrating the ability to result in a material with very high temperature strength after solution treatment and aging ( ...

Introduction

At first glance one would think that Philippe Starck’s iconic juicer was a spider-inspired piece of artwork due to the three long legs that supports what seems to be a rocket ship-shaped body. Surprisingly, the designer actually thought of the similar inspiration. The juicer is now considered as an icon of contemporary industrial design; it even earned its place in New York’s Museum of Modern Art. However, the juicer itself according to Starck was intended to be a conversation piece rather than a juicer. In 1989, Alessi originally approached the Italian designer to design a stainless steel ...

Introduction

Resistivity is a parameter which defines the resistance of a metal to the flow of electric current per unit volume of the metal (Jones, n.d.). The resistivity exhibited by a metal is dependent on three physical properties; the cross-sectional area, length, and the nature of the material (A´ ngel & Tirado-Miranda, 2009). The value of resistivity dictates the conductivity of a metal, high resistivity is associated with low electrical conductivity while low resistivity means that the metal is a good conductor (The Physics Hypertext Book, n.d.). Therefore, it can be concluded that low resistivity allows for increased movements of electrons ...

Introduction

There has been a rise in the concern relating to how human activities are affecting the environment. Over the last number of years, issues relating to environmental destruction and pollution are a concern of almost every nation in the world. The increasing use and exploitation of natural resources are resulting in the development of unwanted consequences such as increasing waste, which is affecting the lives of many individuals. As such recycling is aimed at reducing the amount of waste products that is discharged into the environment. According to Hill (2003), recycling is the process of changing waste products into ...

Chapter 1: Life Before Bonding

It was almost dark and there was absolutely no sound in the woods apart from three footsteps and the breeze was flowing and making noise. Suddenly, Jack stopped and said “it is enough friends, we need to do something or else we would be left alone and will remain the same in our lives”. Jack was very aggressive and he was a sodium electron, he was very introvert and remained alone in his Atom’s outer shell. Jack was tranquilized by Crystal, and she was a chlorine electron and mentioned that “Jack, together we will be able to do ...

- Introduction

The vehicle manufacturing sector, as a dynamic arena, has undergone various changes, influences and effects, since the advent of the European Industrial revolution, and majorly so, from the input of Henry Ford’s – Assembly line model. Through its involvement in the process of vehicle manufacture, it actively contributes to the global economy, by way of revenue allotment, industry development and employment opportunities, in addition to contributing to varied environmental impacts and effects. It is involved in the development, design, manufacture, selling and marketing of vehicles, motorcycles and mopeds amongst ...

Introduction

The collapse of the I-75 Bridge in Cincinnati is just but some of the engineering disasters that have led to loss of properties and in advanced cases, the loss of lives. Such disasters are generally man-made in the sense that they occur or are caused by structures that have been manufactured by humans. In most cases, man-made infrastructures fail or collapse as a result of misappropriation of engineering materials or as a result of the reaction of between certain environmental conditions and the engineering materials. Engineering disasters such as the 1-75 Bridge collapse can be traced from as early ...

Introduction

The purpose of the experiment was to study Ohm’s law and to investigate the relationship between current and voltage in metal wire, lamp filament and diode.

Theory

Electric current (I) is defined as the rate at which charges flow through a conductor. Current flows when a conductor is connected to a power supply in a complete circuit. The battery provides the energy needed to move the charges through a conductor. The energy supplied by battery per unit charge is called voltage. Voltage is a measure of electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. The potential difference between ...

LIST OF FIGUTES 3

LIST OF TABLES 3 1. ELECTRO DISCHARGE MACHINING – EDM 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 History of Electro Discharge Machining Process 5 1.3 Detailed Explanation of how the process works 6 1.4 Uses/applications of the Electro Discharge Machining Process 8 1.4.1 Prototype production 8 1.4.2 Coinage die making 8 1.4.3 Small hole drilling 8 1.4.4 Metal disintegration machining 9 1.5 Examples of products produced by Electro Discharge Machining Process 9 1.6 Advantages of Electro Discharge Machining Process 9 1.7 Limitations of Electro Discharge Machining Process 10 2. 3D PRINTING 10 2.1 Introduction and Definition of 3D Printing 10 2.2 History ...

Electroplating is the process of applying a metallic coating to a metal or any conducting surface through an electrochemical process. It is an electro-deposition process aimed at producing an uniform, dense and adherent coating usually of alloys or metals, through the action of an electric current (Lou & Huang, 2006). The coating developed is usually for aesthetic or protective purposes or the enhancement of the surface. Aesthetics involves beauty. Electroplating may be used to coat a metal with shiny or precious and semi-precious metals such as silver or gold. The surface may be made up of conductors like metal or ...

Introduction

Most of the renewable energy experts in the world pay more attention to wind energy. Wind energy which is referred to as kinetic energy is converted to electricity power which can be used to power homes and businesses. ( Morthorst, G & Poul, E. 2002). One of the equipments which can be used to convert kinetic energy from wind to electricity is wind turbine. It can be made in various designs which include horizontal and vertical axis wind turbines. The most common design is the horizontal wind turbine. A wind turbine can be referred to by several names depending on the ...

The life of all the contemporary guitarists that started playing after 1980s was closely connected with the creation of grunge music and the “Nirvana”, in particular, as every guitarist had been learning the “Smells like Teen Spirit” as his first song on guitar during that time. The main goal of this paper is to discuss the genre of the band itself, the other characteristics of the genre that were used by different musicians of the time and after this period; the roots of the genre will be discussed there. The musical style of Nirvana was best described by its ...

Introduction

Prussian blue was discovered by Diesbach and Dippel between 1704 and 1707 in Berlin and was initially used as a synthetic pigment. The new pigment of Prussian blue was less expensive but readily produced unlike the other blue pigments initially used during the blue color paintings. 1 Evidential document provides that Prussian blue was produced in Berlin between 1708 to 1716 by Frisch and Diesbach. Selling of Prussian blue was initially done by Frisch. Dippel also produced the compound while he was in Netherlands until 1714. Frisch and Diesbach attempted to keep the secrecy of the production of Prussian ...

Gold is one of the most precious elements that exist in nature. The chemical symbol of gold is Au, derived from the Latin word ‘Aurum’. The atomic number gold is 79 and its atomic weight is 196.967 . The physical properties refer to the characteristics possessed by gold in its elemental form. The list of physical properties includes color, odor, hardness, boiling point, melting point, luster, density and many others. Gold is bright yellow in color and has a shiny and lustrous glow. The metal is softer in nature; however, it hardens after alloying with silver, copper and other metals. ...

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Abstract

Under the investment is understood as embedding, often long-term, in certain sectors of the economy in order to obtain in the future profits. Investment on the project investment can be divided into three types: real investments that involve the direct purchase of capital repair of capital assets or investments in a variety of intangible assets, speculative investments, financial investments, which include originated loans, leasing and investments in securities.

Securities investment risk (stocks and bonds)

Investing in securities is perhaps the most common views of the investment activity. In the securities invest their capital, both private and institutional investors. Most ...

In the mining of gold, cyanide has been the preferable lixiviant globally since the year 1887. Even though, cyanide can be spiflicated and reclaimed by a number of processes, it is still extensively discussed and analyzed because of its possible toxicity as well as impacts on the environmental. Biological cyanide treatment is a well-set up procedure and has been commercially applied at gold mining procedures in various parts of the world. Biological treatment procedures alleviate microbial growth that is necessary for the treatment (Akcil & Mudder, 2003). In biological cyanide treatment, bacteria change free as well as metal complexed cyanides ...

Chapter 1: Life Before Bonding

It was almost dark and there was absolutely no sound in the woods apart from three footsteps and the breeze was flowing and making noise. Suddenly, Jack stopped and said “it is enough friends, we need to do something or else we would be left alone and will remain the same in our lives”. Jack was very aggressive and he was a sodium electron, he was very introvert and remained alone in his Atom’s outer shell. Jack was tranquilized by Crystal, and she was a chlorine electron and mentioned that “Jack, together we will be able to do ...

Metallurgy

Definition of Metallurgy

Metallurgy is "the science and study of the behaviors and properties of metals” (Tom Bertone Consulting, 2012) and the procedures involved in the extraction of metal from ore. In particular, it deals with the properties of metals and alloys. Metals are characterized as having the capability of conducting electricity and heat (“Metallurgy,” 2011). They are hard and are dense under room temperature. Alloys, on the other hand, are combinations of metals. An example of an alloy is steel, which is a combination of carbon and iron, although vanadium and chromium may also be added. Other examples ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

‘Subject’ NGOs/ Case Method What are the key trade-offs associated with the US$65,000 investment? What are the implications of pursuing a mass production strategy for the metal stove? The Key trade –off associated with the US$65,000 investment for CHF (Sudan) is to choose between two technologies – metal stove developed by Berkeley and the mud and dung stove it developed in collaboration with ITDG/PA and has been promoting, since 2004. The cost associated with the production and dissemination metal stoves are very high. So, the implications of pursuing a mass production strategy for the efficient BDS ...

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the specific heat capacity of unknown substance and use the quantity to identify the substance. The specific heat capacities of the metals were determined to be 0.890 Jg-1K-1 and 0.361 Jg-1K-1. The metals were identified as aluminum and copper respectively. The percentage uncertainty in the determination of specific heat capacities of aluminum and copper were found to be 0.78% and 6.23% respectively. These errors were attributed to loss of heat in the atmosphere.

Introduction and Theory

The amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance is proportional to its mass and temperature differences ( ...

Abstract

Concrete acts as one of the most essential and cost-effective construction material made from a mixture of sand, cement, aggregates, and water. Cement acts as a binder for holding all the components together. Engineers working in the construction site must understand the purpose of the construction because different structures require different concrete strengths. The strength of cement paste used controls the overall strength of concrete that depends on the water-cement ratio. The following experiment was conducted to investigate different mechanical and physical properties of concrete.

Objective: To determine mechanical properties of concrete.

Materials used: Aggregate (coarse and fine), sand, cement, water, compressive machine, cylindrical and rectangular ...

Introduction:

Iron (symbol Fe and atomic number 26) is a popular metal, which is used in a variety of applications. As it is abundantly available in the earth, it has been used in different forms since time immemorial. Today, iron ore extraction is a well defined and regulated process. However, there are many environmental and health hazards related to the metal and extraction. A critical analysis of the exact impacts can help in achieving an overall sustainable productivity from the element. With that end in mind, this paper deals with the characteristics of Iron; places where it is available; how ...

Aluminium is produced from bauxite. Al2O3. This is referred to as Alumina, or aluminium oxide is extracted from the ore. After the extraction, electrolytic reduction process is used to transform Alumina to Aluminium. From every two tonnes of alumina, one tonne of aluminium is produced. The bauxite consists of ferrous oxide, titanium oxide, earth silicon, and alumina, approximately 40 to 60%. Bayer process is used to separate pure aluminium from bauxite (Habashi 16). This process involves heating the ore in an autoclave that contains caustic soda. Cooling then takes place, in order to separate the solid residue that is ...

- Abstract Description and Proposal of Project. This project is based on the structural and compositional dynamics of a local forest. The type of forest that is used for this research is Oak-Hickory. A local forester invited our group to conduct a Continuous Forest Inventory (CFI) in the forest. The process involved the setting up of Continuous Forest Inventory plots in this forest. A total of three fifth-acres CFI plots were set of up. The process of setting up these plots involved the random selection of a site within the forest and the identification of a plot center. All ...

Abstract

This paper adequately and sufficiently dwells into the concept and usage of cooling systems in computers. It talks about the advents which have been made in the cooling technology right from the very starting to the modern times. It discusses and elaborates on the different kinds and types of cooling systems available and their respective advantages and potential, if any, disadvantages.

Cooling Systems in Computers

According to Moore’s Law the number of transistors on a chip will double approximately every two years. Since 1965 this law has stood the test of the times and consequently the performances of computers have increased while ...

Full Metal Jacket, produced in 1987, is a movie directed by Stanley Kubrick, which highlights the experiences of Vietnam War soldiers. The title of the movie depicts the metal jackets worn by foot soldiers. Through the film, the director seeks to showcase Gustav Hasford’s novel (The Short-timers) by following a platoon of U.S marines. New recruits undergo a rigorous training under the command of a drill instructor, Sergeant Hartman, who prepares them for grueling combats ahead. Full Metal Jacket earned rare plaudits from the Academy Award after its nomination for Best Adapted Screenplay, and after the American Film ...

JAPANESE SOCIETY TODAY

The Warriors of Ancient Japan and Their Legacy in Japanese Society Today

Nihongi is the origin myth of Japan. After centuries of being passed down through generations by storytellers it was written down in 8 C.E. The Japanese islands were formed by droplets from a jeweled spear that had been dipped into the ocean by two Gods, Izanagi-no-Mikoto and Izanami-no-Mikoto. The first mythical emperor of Japan had to fight humans and demons to reach the throne. He is Jimmu the “Divine Warrior.” (Gabriel, 2002, 315-316)

Manga graphic novels and amine cartoons have many series using the classic lone Japanese ...

The Royal Mint

The Royal Mint is the main UK coin producer, which was moved to the south Wales in 1960 after being in London for three decades. It manufactures 3 billion coins annually, however less than half of them are made for the UK market. All the other coins are minted for countries abroad. The company is the largest exporter of coins in the world and it sells its products to approximately 60 different states. Traditionally, the Royal Mint used three kinds of metal to mint coins: copper, nickel and brass, however nowadays only steel is used for this purpose. The ...

Introduction:

Artists which are perhaps better known for the start of their careers include the speed metal band Metallica and the thrash/death metal band Slayer. Both began their musical careers in relative obscurity with the former starting on Music for Nations and the latter on Under One Flag, both labels which are now defunct and both artists having achieved international stardom on Warner and American Jam Recordings respectively.

Metallica:

Metallica began with the recording of their first album, ‘Kill em’ All’ which came out in 1983 and which remains one of their best efforts although it has its weak points too. ...

Musical Style List

1. Demonic 2. Metal 3. Rock

Composers

1. Low Shoulder 2. Panic at the Disco

Plot Summary

The story revolves on the two girls who were also best friends. They became best friends when they were in secondary school. One night, Jennifer and Anita entered a club where a live band performs. After the show, the members of the band started to seduce Jennifer. Jennifer on the other hand likes one of the guys from the band so after thinking twice about it, she left her friend Anita and headed on to the woods with the guys despite being asked by Anita ...

ABSTRACT

There are a number of important benefits that can be gleaned for humanity as a whole if production processes could be moved to space. This is a holistic investigation of the different benefits of moving manufacturing processes to space, and of the current processes that are capable of being carried out in space or in orbit. Full-scale production of space vehicles is the final end goal of the process, but a focus on small-scale production via 3-D printing technologies is also examined over the course of the study. A literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects ...

Figure 1 Manufacturing steps involved in EDM 4 Figure 2 Classification for main research areas in EDM. 6 Figure 3 Sequence of first, second and third generation of 3D Printing . 7 Figure 4 Different processes of 3D Printing. 8 Figure 5 3D Printing of Prototype car 9 Figure 6 New Development and design of reticle Assembly 11 Figure 7 Comparison between cost of assembly & manufacturing . 12

Alternative Manufacturing Processes

FOREWORDS Manufacturing processes are vital for both developed and developing countries of the world. Developed economies depend heavily on manufacturing industries for their revenues and, as a result, different kinds of manufacturing processes ...

Peace that people enjoy nowadays uninterrupted is, of course, not a new phenomenon. However, what is interesting is that the humanity has lived only several hundred years without warring for whatever reason could bring large armies face-to-face in a lethal confrontation for questionable reasons. Besides soldiers, the brute force of conflicts, the main tools of war have always been weapons indicating the state of technological advancement of nations, being the litmus paper and the benchmarks of progress. Thousands years ago, there was no such concept as a long-lasting peace, and the weaponry was a lot more different than it ...

Abstract

The primary aim of anticancer therapies is to induce the death of tumor cells. Cisplatin has done a good job in achieving this aim, which explains why it is the most commonly used adjuvant therapy of cancers. However, the success of applying CDDP and any other platinum compounds for cancer chemotherapy depends enormously on the ability to manage its side effects. This paper reviews the studies and literatures on cisplatin and some other similar platinum compounds. It presents its history and background, chemistry, mechanism of activity, as well as the side effects.

Introduction

The cisplatin has been described as a ...

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers ...

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Introduction

What is the meaning of the word “Print? And why is it believed that it is the key to open paths to our futuristic views. As humans how do we savor a moment in the past? How do we tell those who come after us what happened in our age? How do we preserve our heritage and culture in a way that we ensure is not lost within the threads of time? Humans concluded that that way is printing. Whether it was carved on wood, metal, transferred by pressure to parchment or vellum, rolled with ink or paint. ...

Question 1:

Answer 1: The mixture of ammonium vanadate, ammonium hydroxide, and hydrochloric acid was yellowish and had less color in comparison with the control. As Manganese sulfate was mixed with ammonium hydroxide turned into orange, Though as it was mixed with hydrochloric acid its color did not changed and stayed clear. The control of iron nitrate was orange, but as it was mixed with ammonium hydroxide the color changed into red and after mixing with hydrochloric acid the color was yellow. The control of cobalt nitrate was pink. When it was mixed with hydrochloric acid the color did not change ...

- Introduction Solar cells function by converting solar light energy into electricity. It functions on the basis of the photovoltaic effect. “Photo” stands for light and “voltaic” means electricity (light–electricity). A solar cell is capable of providing DC current. This DC current can be used to light bulbs and power DC motors. Rechargeable batteries also use this DC current, which can be utilized later on when the sun is not available. Also, these batteries, when fully charged, are portable and can be used wherever and whenever you want them (De Vos, 1980). Solar cells are comparable to batteries ...

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Steel as a building material in many ways replaced the outdated iron. Until the 70s of the 19th century, the dominant structural material has been cast, but in its stead came shortly steel. By the beginning of the 20th century, production of iron and steel is almost equal. In this part of the cast iron is processed into steel. The value of iron as the final product has fallen sharply and the value have increased significantly. Since the 70s of the 19th century to the present day steel is a basic ...

Women Accepted For Volunteer Emergency Service

Introduction - WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) was formed in July 30, 1942. President of Wellesley College, Mildred McAfee, became the first commander of Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service - The WAVES served as clerical and secretarial officers and other non-military roles before they were allowed to join the military. - Prior to WAVES, there was Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WACC) that was planned to be launched. - WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) was not disbanded after the Second World War. - The Congress passed the Women’s Armed Integration Act in 1948. ...

As the world is progressing and pollution becoming a major determent to a green world, recycling has chipped in to help better the situation. By coincidence, most of the waste products in industries and household chores are recyclable. This means by increasing the rates or recycling we reduce overall rate of resource exploitation and extinction. We also help conserve the environment and ease the process of making the world green. In most cases, governments have come up with acts or laws in their constitutions that help govern the process of recycling. Such acts of parliament or sections of the ...

Students at Yale University have recently developed a metallic material that increases the physical toughness of a metal, durability, and malleability. The new developed metallic material is known as Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG). The students attribute the success of developing this metallic material as being similar to the discovery of synthetic plastics in the past century. This is because the development of this new metallic substance has allowed them to mold metal into different shapes. Some of the things that they have been able to create using the new discovered BMG’s include metallic bottles, the cases used in ...

Heat and Thermodynamics

Work out the following problems. Be sure to show your work in detail. See the "Module 5 Handout" for examples of how the problems should be solved and presented.

1. How much energy (in J) is required to raise the temperature of 500 g of water from 20 to 100C, and then turn it to steam at 100C? Variables: m = 500g = 0.5 Kg Increase in water temperature, ∆T = 100-20= 800C Latent heat at 1000C, Lv =2260 KJ/Kg Specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.185 kJ/Kg/0C ∆Q = ? Relationships: ∆Q = m(c∆T + Lv) Computation: ∆Q = 0.5Kg x (4.185 kJ/Kg/0C ...

Introduction

The photoelectric effect can be defined as an ejection or emission of electrons a metallic surface as a response to a light incident. Energy within an incident light is taken in by electrons inside the metallic surface. This provides the electrons with the necessary to be emitted from the metal’s surface. There have been many discoveries by many scientists such as Einstein and Maxwell who have identified different experiments of justifying the photoelectric effect. This experiment is the simplest and most convincing and direct proof of the photons existence as well as electromagnetic radiation and light’s ‘corpuscular’ ...

According to Laborde, a learned anthropologist, “spoons are as old as the soup, if not as old as the world.” (Global housewares & specialties, 2007). However, the recorded history of spoons dates back in Egypt, over a thousand years, long before the birth of the Christ. These old spoons were mainly used as ointments. The spoon was a strong and important possession of individuals, and could be willed to another individual upon the death of the owner. History of Scandinavian countries and Wales depict that the spoon was used as symbols of love. The spoons would be curved by the ...

Effect of ZnSe nanoparticles in the PEDOT: PSS photodiodes

Abstract In this article we report the photovoltaic properties of devices made using a highly conducting polymer electrode, from poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT: PSS) incorporated with ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrate as an anode and a Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) mixed with Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) in the ratio of 1:1 as the active layer. The device performance was compared with that of devices made with PEDOT-PSS without ZnSe nanoparticles on ITO substrates. The IV characteristics were studied and the surfaces of PEDOT:PSS with ZnSe were imaged using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It shows that the ...

3D printer, is a unique printer that prints each layer of the material until a product is created. It builds up layers of different materials such as ceramics, plastic and metal powder. His main goal of its crating in 80s was the maximum relief of working process at the stage of prototyping and product design, as with its help a tangible example of something could be easily created. (Manners-Bell et al. 2014). As time goes by, technology does not stand still, and now 3D printers are considered to be a serious revolutionary breakthrough that can change the operation of ...

Introduction:

Bronze vessels of the Shang period have been preserved largely due to the fact that, they were buried in the tombs of the great of both female and male figures. Their primary use at the time of their manufacture was in banquets and temples at which the sacrifice of food was offered to their royal ancestors. They were buried with their owners so that they could continue to sacrifice to the higher powers even after they had died and become ancestors in their turn. As such, the vessels were evidence of power, an aspect that became even more sharply ...

Metallica can be considered as one of the greatest speed metal bands ever and its development has been much talked about over the decades. Probably the album that defined their status as the kings of speed metal was ‘Ride the Lightning’ which was released exactly thirty years ago in 1984. The eight songs have all become classics in their own rights and treat several themes, such as the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt (Creeping Death), electrocution in an electric chair (Ride the Lightning) and a horror story by H P Lovecraft, that master of brooding and terrible tales ( ...

“The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas -- and friends will converse with each other without leaving home." (Alexander Graham Bell in a letter to his father in 1876; taken from PBS.org) Alexander Graham Bell was born on March 3, 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland and had two more brothers that both died of tuberculosis (Library of Congress), Melville James Bell, who was older than Alexander, and Edward Charles Bell, who was the youngest in the family (Bell Homestead). His father, Alexander Melville Bell, as well as his grandfather ...

INTRODUCTION.

Amongst the sectors that have embraced technology in the past few decades is the aircraft industry. This is in response to improve on reliability, product/service quality, and increase on labor productivity as well as cut down on related costs. Technology use in the sector comes in form of machine automation, and tools used in manufacturing that never existed before (Kalpakjian 2001, pp. 5). This involves a widespread use of computer-aided manufacture and designs, computerized numerical controls. The use of technology in the sector has also been stimulated by the need to develop decreased labor intensive products by manufacturing products ...

Harappa is one of the biggest archaeological discoveries amongst the Indus Valley civilizations. The city of Harappa was a part of the Indus Valley Civilization that covered most parts of the present day Pakistan and some parts of North-western India. The culture of this region is now known as the Harappan Civilization. While the earliest roots of the Indus Valley Civilization date to approximately 6000 B.C, historians believe that the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro date to around 2600 B.C. These towns were quite advanced and unique in their approach to town planning with their extent of spread much ...

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Carbon Capture Technologies

Introduction Aside from oil, coal is regarded as one of the most important fossil fuel resources being utilized in the global energy mix. However, the use of coal in power generation has resulted in serious air pollution around the world. The use of coal has resulted in the release of almost 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, with a majority of these pollutants emanating from power generation activities. Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies seek to address the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that add to the growing problem of air pollution in ...