Essays on Atom

Technological advancement has completely revolutionised the war fare in the past decade. The impact of technological development in military affairs has successfully armed the forces with advanced machines that could bring havoc to civilized society. Hiroshima was one such incident. The atom bombs completely paralysed the civilisation during the World War II. Hence it may be mentioned that technological advancement has barbarised the warfare. Advancement was not limited to development of atop bombs, the devices like AK-47 rifle, aerodynamic technology and drones have power bring havoc or end of the world in near future The essay here would therefore ...

Verification of the Beer-Lambert Law for Solutions of Copper Sulphate and Determination of the Concentration of a Given Solution of Copper Sulphate

Introduction

The determination of elements concentrations in water media is an important task in industry, medicine, and environmental protection. The main requirements are accuracy, simplicity of operations, speed and cost of the analysis (Hunt 1995). The spectroscopic analysis is widely applied for routine measurements and research needs (Lindon 2010). The experiment is dedicated to determination of copper sulphate in water using the molecular absorption (Kenkel 2003). The first stage of the experiment performs absorbance measurements of the solutions ...

In the middle of the 20th century, after the World War II, all countries were highly disturbed and scared of a new war which could appear. United States, being a powerful country, the influence and power of which helped to end the WWII, were a kind of an enemy for the other countries, who lost at the war. After World War II United States and its enemies and Soviet Union were in the state of a Cold War. According to John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum “Soldiers of the Soviet Union and the United States did not do ...

Speaker’s Representation of the Power of Nature through His Supporting Vision of American Democracy in Song of Myself by Walt Whitman Poetry collection Leaves of Grass composed by Walt Whitman reveals the idea of man`s purging closeness to nature and other human beings as its inseparable part. Through different imagery and diverse topics author, in a simple way, represents complicated philosophical notions and external connection of everything and everyone. Throughout the whole poetry collection every verse of every poem turns into illuminating cosmic and mysterious way of man`s living, rather than highly romanticized vision of nature ...

At 5 hours 30 minutes AM on July 16, 1945 the United States tested an atomic bomb in the desert of Alamogordo in New Mexico. The test was a triumphant success. The explosion was stronger than expected - it was an explosion equivalent to about 20 kilotons of trinitrotoluol (Rhodes, 1986). The US President Harry S. Truman was to decide what US policy should be carried out toward nuclear bomb (Bernstein, 1975). Truman knew nothing about the bomb until he became the president, and he was informed about it by Henry L. Stimson, the US Secretary of Defense, and ...

History of Solar Panel windows

Human beings had always made good use of solar energy since when the earliest ancestor of man noticed that a line of sunlight was warmer than the shade and that rocks heated throughout the day by the sun continued to stay warm through the night. Ancient structures of the Romans were constructed with south-facing windows to garner in the warmth of the sun. This was passive solar heating, which is still popular today. The only new thing about passive solar heating or solar daylighting is the name (K, Sruthi et al, 25-34). All the early attempts to harvest solar ...

I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the program of study leading to the award of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING HONOURS (MANUFACTURING AND DESIGN ENGINEERING) is entirely my own work and has not been submitted for assessment for any academic purpose other than in partial fulfillment for that stated above.

Signed

Hussein Al-Tuhoo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been indebted in the preparation of this thesis to my supervisor, Dr Maura Kelleher of Dublin Institute of Technology College, whose patience and kindness, as well as her academic experience, have been invaluable to me. I am extremely grateful ...

Solar power is a renewable source of energy, conversed of sunlight into electricity, directly using photovoltaics or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Photovoltaics were used to power small and medium applications, from watch and calculator to off-grid homes. This is an inexpensive source of electrical energy, and according to a new Fraunhofer report, solar power in sunny regions of the world is going to be cheaper from gas or coal. For several years worldwide growth of solar photovoltaics (further PV) raised in many countries and regions all over the world, including Australia, Canada, South Africa, and Thailand. The increasing ...

Symbolism in Jaws

The iconic Spielberg film Jaws possesses deeper elements that speak of human nature and the hidden beliefs we carry within. The film exposes important questions regarding our views on the purpose of war and resulting prejudice. In the movie, Quint describes how Japanese submarines attacked a US vessel with torpedoes after it had delivered the Hiroshima atomic bomb. In the same way that the Great White Shark is a machine-like creature of monstrous proportions, completely devoid of any humanity or sense of humaneness, there are allusions to the World War II American stereotype of the Japanese soldiers. Both the ...

Since the end of the Second World War in 1945, nuclear technology became rampant throughout the globe as they realized the potential of such technology for both energy production and warfare. Several nations had developed their nuclear programs to cement their capabilities to the world and discover new methods on how nuclear power can be reduced. While the proliferation of nuclear arms and power had decreased significantly, there were nations that broke away from such norm and continued with their nuclear programs despite the criticism from the international community. One of these unrecognized nuclear states is Iran, which is ...

What is the chemical formula for ozone gas?

Ozone is present in the troposphere, a part of the atmosphere. Ozone consist of 3 molecules of Oxygen. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. Ozone is also called as tri-oxygen since it consists of 3 molecules of oxygen bound to each other by covalent bonds. The structure and formula of ozone were identified in the year 1865. However, it is less stable than Oxygen and blue in color.

How does ozone form in the stratosphere?

Ozone is found in both, the stratosphere and the troposphere. The formation of ozone in both these layers is distinct. Stratospheric ozone is formed in two simple steps. Initial step involves ...

A neutron is a fundamental particle in the nucleus of an atom. Protons and neutrons have nearly the same mass and can exist as free particles away from the nucleus. Neutrons constitute more than half of all visible matter in the universe. They possess properties that make them ideal for various types of research. Their unique sensitivity to hydrogen, for example, allows them to locate precisely the atoms of hydrogen. Their sensitivity to hydrogen ensures the accurate determination of molecular structure ...

Hiroshima. By John Hersey (New York: A.A. Knopf, 1989). 160 pages. Reviewed by Your Name, Date of Review.

John Hersey (1914 – 1993) decided to write a story about the atomic bombing of Japan that would explain the catastrophic consequences to the people on the ground there at the time. Hersey spent weeks in Japan interviewing eyewitnesses to the event and eventually produced a long article entitled “Hiroshima” which appeared in The New Yorker. Two months later Hiroshima was printed as a book. The general story is that of six people who were on the scene when the atomic bomb was dropped ...

Explain the difference between the two statements mentioned below:

Spilling water on skin surface on a hot day will cool the body temperature. Spilling vegetable oil on skin surface on a hot day will not cool down the body temperature.

Strategy to Solve this Problem

The first step will be to discuss the temperature regulation mechanism of the human body. It will be followed by the cooling mechanisms adopted by the skin surface on a hot day to maintain the aforesaid body temperature. Next will be an overview of the inherent properties of water and vegetable oils. Finally, a correlation between the body mechanisms and cooling effects by water ...

If you sit in a humanities class and listen to a lecture about the great ideas of our civilization, you hear about such notions as humanism and individualism. You hear about such seminal documents as the Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence, and you hear about such institutions as the School of Athens and the United Nations. However, in many ways, one innovation has done far more to change society than any of these grandiose ideas and institutions: the assembly line. When Henry Ford found a way to mechanize labor and turn workers into individual automatons, the age-old battle between capital ...

Lysine

Amino acids are organic molecules, the monomers of proteins that contain both amino and carboxyl groups. Proteins of a cell mostly contain 20 types of amino acids that differ in the side chain known as R group. Therefore, the properties of the amino acid in protein fully depend on the characteristics of the side chains.

Lysine is an essential amino acid, that means it cannot be synthetized in the human organism. The side chain of the lysine molecule contains an additional amino group attached to the carbon skeleton. Because of the positive charge in the side chain, the charge ...

Science is a discipline which involves the study of the natural or physical world based on truths, facts and observations which have been deduced out from experiments. Before a scientist can embark on the study of a material and its properties, there are some essential characteristics or properties that he or she should comprehend. Firstly, what kind of atoms is the material made of? Secondly, what is the arrangement of those atoms? And lastly, which bonds exist between the atoms? These questions are vital since they determine the material’s strength, elasticity, ductility and plasticity of the ...

- Child- Carbon - Parents- Oxygen

Recommendation letter to parents

I am writing from Elemental Adoption Agency to tell you about the element in question for adoption. Her name is Carbon, and she goes by “C”. Given the home setting, she can be instrumental in breathing new life into a situation. She is classified as atomic number 6 in our files and is a healthy atomic weight and mass number of 12. She is grouped in the nonmetallic section of our agency and is a complete element with 4 valance electrons and can make four strong bonds. She would thrive best in a home capable ...

Sodium plays its role in the human body as electrolyte. Its purpose in the body is to maintain normal blood pressure, helps in the absorption of nutrients, regulation of the blood volume and maintenance of the cell membrane potential. The quantity of sodium found in the blood has a close connection to the amount of water found in the body. The level of sodium found in the blood is determined by the amount of sodium and water consumed as well as the amount excreted in the urine. Some sodium is excreted from the body through sweating and stool. When sodium ...

The amino acid is a hydrophobic and aromatic essential amino acid. The compound is relatively non-reactive because of the benzene ring in its structure. Since it is nonpolar, the amino acid does not dissolve in water. Due to its hydrophobic nature, the amino acid is buried in the hydrophobic core of protein structures. However, the aromatic side chain in the structure of the amino acid affects protein structure by staking with the aromatic side chains of other amino acids. The side chain of the amino acid is relatively non-reactive and as such is not often involved in the functions of ...

Introduction

Selection of materials is an important part of engineering design. Material selection is aimed at increasing the performance as well as the life of the engineering component and hence, very important for success of engineering component. The nature of loading, expected life, working environment amongst other factors determines the material to be selected for a particular application.

Therefore, engineers and designers must determine the properties of materials before they incorporate them in their design. Mechanical properties of materials such as ultimate tensile strength, Modulus of Elasticity, proof stress, specific strength, toughness and density amongst others are some of the important ...

1) Proto-Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes are two types of genes that ordinarily keep the cell cycle functioning as it should. Explain the roles of these two types of genes, and explain what can occur when these types of gene are not working properly. Provide at least two different examples of cancers associated with mutations of these types of genes.

The purpose of the proto-oncogenes under normal circumstances is to make sure that cells proliferate, in other words the oncogenes stimulate cell production. But when a normal, healthy ocogene cell becomes mutated or expresses at higher than normal levels it causes cancer. The first oncogenic virus was discovered in 1916 and called the Rous virus after the person who discovered it, Peyton Rous. Rous viruses represent a family of viruses called the retro viruses. Retro viruses contain a genetic material called ribonucleic acid (RNA).

There is always the possibility that RNA will be transcribed into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) by an enzyme of ...

Conferas, Sofia (2010), In Climate Change and Its Causes, Effects and Prediction. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

The source is relevant as it includes the climate change and the land variability resulting from changes in the land use. That includes the major drivers of ecosystems alterations. These are includes the factors that influence the human health as well as the effects on the ecosystem. This includes both economic and ecological issues that influence and threaten the native species that in most cases may lead to extinction. The article has a wide review on the climate change effects especially on the aquatic and invasive species and the management activities that would help mitigate the environmental problems associated with ...

Question #1

Three main layers of the interior of the Sun are convection zone, radiation zone and the core.The central part of the Sun with a radius of about 150-175 thousand km (ie, 20-25% of the radius of the Sun), in which are thermonuclear reactions, called a solar core. The density of material in the core is about 150 000 kg / m ³ (150 times higher than the density of water and ~ 6.6 times higher than the density of the densest metal on the Earth - osmium), and the temperature in the center of the core is over 14 million K. A ...

- Where in the Galaxy is the solar system located? a. in the nucleus, b. in the halo, c. in a spiral arm, d. between two spiral arms) e. in the central bulge

The solar system is placed in a spiral arm, considered the most hospitable region in the galaxy. The spiral arms are where the active stars form and they orbit around the Milky Way galactic center and the solar system joins this orbital trip. According to the latest discoveries, the Milky Way galaxy has only two spiral arms (Scutum – Centaurus and Perseus) as opposed of four previously considered ...

A computer is an electronic device that can be programmed to store information, and perform arithmetic and logical operations. People use computers to simplify their work by using the internet, calculations and word processing capability of these devices. People have innovated ways to improve computers from analogue systems to the modern efficient computers that have larger storage space and are portable. Research continues on various ways to enhance the computer systems and solve the existing challenges on their usage. The type of atoms a material is made of is an essential characteristic of any matter. There are neutral and ...

The Solar System is located at the spiral arms of our Galaxy is called the Milky Way. It is basically made of the galactic dick, globular clusters and the halo. Scattered below and above the disk are the globular clusters. They are randomly scattered and they orbit in elliptical orbits. They have little or no gas in them and contain older stars than in the disk. The halo is the dim region that surrounds the whole galaxy. Now, the location of the Solar System is in the galactic disk’s spiral arm. There are six spiral arms arising from ...

[Class Title]

The Manhattan Project was the name given to a massive yet clandestine project of the United States in developing the world’s first atomic bomb. Named after the Manhattan Army Corps of Engineers who pioneered the nationwide construction of the project, the project’s infrastructure is actually composed of networked facilities located in several secret locations all across the United States that includes Oak Ridge in Tennessee; Hanford in Washington; and Los Alamos in New Mexico. There were several important precedents prior to the project. In the later part of the 19th century, extensive studies regarding atoms have ...

Question 1

Jupiter was the first giant planet formed.

Question 2

According to the Nice theory where did the Kuiper belt objects and Oort cloud objects come from?

Kuiper belt objects come from the out edge of Solar System where huge spheres made of rock and ice that circle around Pluto’s orbit. The objects took their name from Gerard Kuiper who suggested that comets may come from the Kuiper belt. This group of planetoids is called Kuiper belt objects (KBO). The first KBO named “1991 QB1” was discovered in 1992. The plant Pluto also belongs to the group of KBO. Some ...

Abstract

This paper will investigate whether or not artificial artificial affect obesity. Everything that is sweeten with sugar can now be sweetened with an artificial sweetener; and for pennies morewe can have all the pleasures of sweet with half the calories; and so we slip onto ignorant bliss unaware that we might be adding calories instead of taking off calories,

As Americans we have a phobia of hard work, so rather than reading the label on food we look for the word “diet.” Recent studies have shown that we might be putting on more weight with fewer calories from sugar. ...

The Stuxnet is believed to be a computer worm that surfaced in the mid 2010 year. It revolutionized the world of cyber-attacks which represented a major development in the cyber war battleground. This infamous computer worm was/is known to initially spread via an operating system mostly the on the Microsoft Windows with an objective target on industrial software systems and equipment.

The Stuxnet worm is believed to have been developed and created by the United States and the Israel to facilitate attacks on the Iranian nuclear systems, and facilities via the use of systematic step by step programmable and reprogrammable code ...

The compound C12H10Cl3N3O8Ru2 is made up of various elements. These elements include carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, nitrogen, oxygen and ruthenium. One of the features of the compound is that it has a formula weight of 632.72grams/ mole. This is the weight obtained by summing the atomic masses of the elements that make up the compound. This mass means that from every one mole of the compound, the total weight is about 632.72 grams. It can be observed that the mineral is heavy as compared to other compounds of the same nature.

The compound is joined together by covalent bonds. At room ...

Primary research aids in gathering of information used in books and the respective fields across the globe. While the benefits of research are obvious, it is still debatable if there is such a thing as perfect research. Because of the value laden nature of research, subjectivity of facts, and bias of researchers, I agree with Griffith’s assertion that, “there is no hope of doing perfect research” (Griffiths, 1998, p97). The perfection of research is further discounted by the fact that a prediction in psychology can be known in advance. If this is an antecedent condition, then why do we ...

Energy is the ability to produce change in a system. It can easily be converted from one form to another. The process of changing one form of energy to another is called energy conversion (Sorensen, 2007). This paper is therefore devoted to the analysis of how energy can be converted from one form to another. Also, it presents a clear elaboration on what fossil fuels are and why they are becoming attractive energy sources.

Three different ways can be used to explain energy conversion. Energy can be converted through action of forces, when atoms emit or absorb photons of light, and ...

The war in Japan has escalated to uncontrollable levels killing millions of people. Living in constant war is destructive to the economy and people’s lives as well. It is proper and prudent that a solution be sought to end this predicament. This will bring about peace and prosperity among the nations fostering development and growth of the economy. A difficult decision has to be made in order to save millions of lives despite the challenges. The nuclear bomb is quite an intense device that is destructive in nature. The war that is currently ongoing is taking a toll in ...

Introduction: President Truman was faced with a dilemma before he chose to use the atomic bomb to attack the Japanese

Body: Paragraph1: a description of the atomic bomb. Why were the United States compelled to use it Conclusion: Japan’s actions of defiance forced President Truman to use the atomic bomb to end the war. Essay The debate surrounding the atomic bombings of Japan by the United States on 6 August 1945 at the end of the Second World War is fundamentally based on the legal, moral and military controversies that forced President Truman to sanction the use of nuclear bomb against Japan. On 25 July 1945 President Truman, Winston Churchill the then prime minister of ...

1) Why does Fussell “thank God” for the atom bomb? What role does his own experience of history play in shaping his views as an historian?

Fussell recounts (Fussell, 452) that an invasion was planned for Japan which would have resulted in an enormous number of civilian and military deaths from all sides. Former Pfc. E.B. Sledge is quoted in Fussell’s article as writing, “[Every Japanese] soldier, civilian, woman, and child would fight to the death with whatever weapons they had, rifle, grenade, or bamboo spear.” Fussell himself was destined to be part of that invasion, ...

1.0 Introduction

Nano-thermal analysis is a primary technique used in the study of the characteristics of pharmaceutical materials in the initial phase of drug design and development. Some of the drug properties that can be studied using nano-thermal analysis include the spatial distribution of the constituents, shape, and size particularly in multicomponent drug sample. Using nano-thermal procedures the different components of these multicomponent drugs can be studied and characterized without having to dissociate the drug. The technique is particularly useful in increasing the dissolution of drugs with low water solubility hence improve their bioavailability. This is by facilitating the formation of solid ...

Introduction

Coordination complex usually consists of a metallic coordination center and can be surrounded by bound molecules. Thus these are known these coordination complexes are known as ligands as they bind several molecules strongly almost irreversibly. Coordination complexes therefore coordinate covalent bonds on the molecule. There is specific nomenclature for coordination complexes. Particularly, the donor atom is the ligand that is bonded to the central atom. Here we are making Aluminium acetylacetonate, Al(acac)3, also referred to as Al(acac)3, and the metal ion is the aluminum and the donor atoms are the acetylacetonate. If there are more ...

Introduction

Pollution of the environment is one of the oldest problems in the history of civilization. Man has long been considered the environment primarily as a source of resources, seeking to achieve independence from it, to improve the conditions of its existence. While population and the scale of production was small, and very extensive natural spaces, to achieve the goals we were willing to sacrifice some of the untouched nature, exactly as some degree of purity and water. This process in our relatively closed, not unlimited world cannot continue indefinitely. For example, it is estimated that each year for every person ...

Abstract

Capture-recapture models are important in ecology to understand the populations size of a particular species. It requires a capture and tagging of a population then recapturing them to understand the dynamics. There are several different models to do mark and recapture consisting of open and closed models. A model is a better fit depending depending on the population being used. The Lincoln-Peterson method is a closed model (where population is assumed to not change at each sampling event) that is good for large samples. Here mark and recapture was performed on a population of field crickets Gryllus assimilis nearing an industrialized zone. Trace elements were ...

Background:

In 1937, Japan had full control over Manchuria and was planning to conquer China. The Chinese suspended their civil war and formed an alliance to fight against the Japanese after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident. The Chinese troop received help from Soviet Union. Japanese were victorious in Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan but the Panay Incident was strongly condemned, especially by the United States. Japanese forces were stopped from spreading to the North by combined forces of Soviet and Mongolian forces. Japanese forces blocked Chinese connection to the outside world and then formed an alliance with Germany and Italy, to ...

Book Review – Uranium Frenzy (Report 1)

The uranium boom in Utah during the 1950s was a whirlwind mineral rush, fuelled by the atomic age. In the wake of the atomic bomb, uranium became an incredibly important mineral and resource that everyone was quick to cash in on, with the US government creating a tremendous amount of interest and zeal towards finding a domestic source (Ringholz ix). All number of people found themselves joining the search for uranium, from trained professionals to enthusiastic amateurs, hoping to join in on this tremendous mineral rush that beset the United States during this time. As the ups and downs of the uranium ...

India: Reforms, Policies, Development

Report

Abstract India’s economic miracle has always been the point of interests for western researchers. India has become a successful example of a rapidly growing economy due to a number of political, economic, social and industrial reforms. This country has become the world’s leader in hi-tech sphere, producing, supporting and implementing the world’s largest volume of software and hardware. In this report, the structural development patterns are shown during several periods, which brought tremendous shifts in economic, agricultural and industrial sphere making India the global leader in numerous aspects. However, efficient reforms have not solved certain social problems ...

Abstract

The debate between the differences and similarities of American and Japanese cartoons continous to divide the world while trying to answer which one is the best. American cartoon supporters claim that American cartoons are better than its Japanese counterpart because of its content and brand of comedy. On the other hand, Japanese cartoons or anime fans would argue Japanese anime is better than American cartoons not just because of its more diverse storylines, but also because of its embodiment of Japanese society and realism in its entirety. This paper will discuss the differences and similarities of American and Japanese ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;- Dexamethasone The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13). Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

Introduction

It was an era of atomic action and reaction in the world following the World War II. Various nations were trying to survive through high tension and fear. Most of the countries were gripped under a common concern of what was going to follow and which nation/nations would hold power. Countries like America and Soviet Union were using their power to use other countries to their advantage. This was the time when many demographic and political changes took place in many countries. However, the journey post war was not easy, even for America. The anxieties and fear in people made ...

Science is not the only way to discover truth. In this paper, I will explain how science attempts to uncover truth that is guided by reason and is based on knowledge that can be substantiated by empirical means. There are other ways to discover truth, but science is not concerned with these kind of truths. Science attempts to figure things out by discovery. Discovering truth by empirical means is the cornerstone of scientific discovery. Even though no one saw the dark side of the moon until the Apollo missions of the 1960s, it is true that the moon ...

Introduction

Polymerization could be considered to be perhaps the main chemical reaction associated with modern living. It is a reaction that is common in nature for the formation of “biopolymers” such as celluloses and proteins. It can also be thought of as the fundamental reaction type for the formation of DNA, making polymerization essential for life as it exists on this planet. In general terms, polymerization is a reaction process in which the molecules of an appropriate material, termed the 'monomer', become bonded together to form a much larger linear chain or a three-dimensional network. A polymer is thus a material that consists of very ...

ABSTRACT

There are a number of important benefits that can be gleaned for humanity as a whole if production processes could be moved to space. This is a holistic investigation of the different benefits of moving manufacturing processes to space, and of the current processes that are capable of being carried out in space or in orbit. Full-scale production of space vehicles is the final end goal of the process, but a focus on small-scale production via 3-D printing technologies is also examined over the course of the study. A literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of manufacturing in Microgravity ...

(Chemical Vapor Decomposition)

Introduction

Photovoltaic solar panels are designed for direct conversion of solar energy into electricity. They consist of a plurality of solar cells (cells) which are made of silicon, one of the most abundant elements on earth. Structurally, the photovoltaic solar module is electrically interconnected solar cells having output terminals for connecting the loads. Each cell contains a semiconductor layer 2: positive and negative. On the silicon layer is applied to one particular substance, whereby an excess of electrons. This forms a negatively charged n-layer. On the other layer created deficiency of electrons and becomes positively charged (p-layer). When a photon of ...

The number of analogies that are required to sufficiently describe an object depend on how complex the object is. For example, you may need to use one analogy to describe the object's appearance, but another analogy is necessary to describe the object's function. For most objects that we come across in real life, one or two analogies is usually sufficient to accurately portray them. An object such as a vase can be compared to one other object like a flower pot and that analogy is usually enough to explain the object's appearance and function. One object that may need multiple ...

Introduction

Most advancement in sciences and technology would not be possible without the use and conversion of energy from one form to another. Thus, thermodynamic principles are considered fundamental laws of energy and relevant to the development of the society at large. This study considers thermodynamics as it concerns different forms of energy, their conversion, and usage.

Laws of Thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics emphasize on particular phenomena that describe the relation of energy with matter (Kanoglu, Cengel, & Dincer, 2012). Thermodynamics laws define the amount of physical parameters such as temperature, entropy and energy that characterize a thermodynamic system. These laws also refer the ...

1.1 Overview Quantum mechanics is a branch of Physics that deals with the behaviors of energy and matter in the smallest perspective such as the nuclear, atomic, and microscopic levels. Quantum, meaning “how much”, refers to the quantifiable units to energy and matter as observed and predicted through physics. This branch of studies stated with mathematical reasoning of certain experiments that are non-explainable through the classical mathematical methods. Physics revolutionized during the early 20th century (Coolman, 2014). Various models has been developed by scientists since them to help them in their experiments in studying particular behaviors of reaction mechanisms ...

Chapter 3 Atoms and the Periodic Table

For centuries, many have tried to learn about the smallest particle. As far as 2500 years ago, Democritus and Leucippus created an idea for the atom and called it ‘atmos’ meaning indivisible. Various philosophers and scientists have proposed models for what and how the atom should be. The initial theory proposed by Dalton in 1803 states that atoms are indivisible and that all atoms of a particular material are identical. He also stated that atoms of different materials join to form compounds. J.J. Thompson proposed the initial model of the atom. It is called the plum pudding model. He theorized ...

Introduction

Closed-Circuit Television, initialed as CCTV can be said to be the application of video cameras in the broadcasting occurrences within a certain place. Worth noting herein is the fact that CCTV is different from the broadcast television in that; the signal is was openly transmitted through the use of point to point multipoint or wireless link. They trace their conception back to the 1940s in Germany where the military were using them to monitor their rocket launch (Matchett, 2003). The United States as well are on record to have used CCTV during the development and testing of the atomic weapons. ...

Abstract

Recently, attention has been diverted to clean, alternative and renewable technologies due to the depletion of petroleum resources and increase of the green house gases from the combustion of fuel resources. Fuel cell is the fore-runner of these technologies and has received immense impetus due to its relatively clean source of energy. Fuel-cells are devices that produce electrical energy from chemical transformation reactions. Electrodes are placed within an electrolyte medium that facilitates oxidation of fuel. In these electrochemical reactions, ions are generated that generate electricity. This electrical energy can be effectively harnessed to carry out a myriad of functions. Since ...

UN POSITION ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS

There are more than two dozen countries of the world that have nuclear power, however, only a few have nuclear weapons and few are suspected of making nuclear weapons. During the cold war era between US and USSR, nuclear arms race was the most alarming feature as both the super powers rapidly built up their stockpiles of nuclear weapons. Later when both realized, there would be devastation caused by nuclear weapons, they embarked upon a number of agreements for reduction in the number of nuclear weapons. Efforts were speeded up after disintegration of the USSR; however, the issues remained a major challenge ...

One of the central questions of philosophy has always been a debate as to whether or not humans are free to make their own choices, or whether or not the causality of the external world affects are ability to make choices. This question is important because it underlies the centrality of what it means to be human and how culture is constructed. If freedom to make choices exists, then institutions such as prisons are just, because they punish on the basis of the assumption that someone who has committed a crime was acting freely and of his own violation. Looking at ...

Today, one of the global issues people face to is different types of pollution. With human development, pollution is becoming worse, and as a result, other issues appear. Among them are global warming, new diseases, deforestation and many others. But, it was not like this all the time, as at the beginning the level of pollution was not so high. Otherwise, it would have been an apocalypse already. That was the industry development that caused global pollution. Even in the late 13th century, people knew about air pollution. For instance, King of England Edward I punished every Londoner, who ...