Essays on Dose

[Institution Title]

Introduction

Quality control program for computed tomography (CT) scan is defined as a process or system that is designed to ensure that the performance of the scanner is still within the set standard (Seeram, 2015, p.432). This is accomplished using quality control tests. The result of a specific QC test for a given CT scanner is compared with other brands of CT scanners in the market. The purpose of quality control testing for CT scans is to ensure that every image produced by the machine is of good quality—clear, and readable, while still ensuring the lowest dose ...

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder wherein an immune response targets the insulin-producing beta-cells of the pancreas leading to cellular damage sufficient enough to significantly reduce, and later on eliminate, the synthesis of insulin (Van Belle et al., 2011). It typically manifests in people below 30 years of age. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2016) estimates that 29.1 million or 9.3% of Americans are diabetics but of this number, only 1.25 million or around 5% have type 1 diabetes. The purpose of this paper is to describe the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and management, and ...

Mesalazine and Cyclosporine

Mesalazine Mesalazine is also called as Mesalamine or 5-aminosalicylic acid, and its systematic name is 5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Formulation. Usually, mesalazine is administered in the form of modified release (MR) tablet. Different formulations of mesalazine in UK are Asacol, Ipocol, Mezavant, Octasa, Pentasa, and Salofalk. The above mentioned formulations may vary from each other in their indications, dose frequency, tablet strengths, interactions, pharmaceutical, and pharmacological properties. Most of these formations are available as MR preparations. Commonly used mechanism for modified release tablets is their enteric coating. In order to prepare different formulations, Eudragit L and S polymers are commonly used ...

TOURETTE’S SYNDROME

Abstract Considered syndrome belongs to neuropsychiatric disorders, which is widely researched in order to facilitate day-to-day lives of those, who suffer from it. This essay concentrates on the history of Tourette’s syndrome, with detailed analysis of causes of its origin, especially stressing epigenetic causes. Main symptoms are briefly, but exhaustively listed, with the highlighting of unexpected, waxing and waning nature of Tourette’s syndrome. Special attention is paid to widespread ways of its treatment, defining their positive aspects and side effects. Furthermore, an analysis of contemporary scientific articles in this field is included in the work. Their critical ...

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) is a blood-related disorder that occurs in a fetus or a newborn infant. This problem usually arises, when a mother has different blood type than her unborn baby, i.e. a condition known as “incompatibility”. Most common form of this incompatibility is ABO incompatibility, which is not very severe condition, and the least common form of the incompatibility is Rh incompatibility. Due to these differences in blood types, antibodies in the blood of mother attack the red blood cells of the developing baby resulting in the destruction of blood cells of the baby causing ...

1. Objectives Giant cell arteritis (GCA) also referred to as temporal arteritis is a condition that induces the inflammation of large arteries mainly in the heat and neck areas. Symptoms associated with the disease include manifestations such as headaches, joint and facial pain, fever, and vision problems that may cause a permanent sight loss in one or both eyes. There are various GCA treatments aiming at e.g. relieving the symptoms associated with the disease and preventing visual loss often accoutered by many patients 2 Therapeutic options 2.1. Non-pharmacological therapy The practice of a healthy lifestyle including physical exercises, smoking ...

Abstract

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a high energy radiation, and mostly used in the treatment of cancer. The method can also be used in the treatment of non-cancerous begin, tumour, thyroid diseases, as well as other blood disorders. In the process of the treatment of breast cancer, there are several automated tools or equipment required for the success of treatment. For instance, computers are used in performing automated medical tasks such as radiology systems, bibliography retrieval, and patient-monitoring in the process of treatment.

Introduction

Radiotherapy is a treatment method that involves the use of a ...

Introduction

The only proven strategy to fight any form of cancer is early detection based on evidence and researchers. Based on current evidence, low-dose computed tomography (CT) is highly recommended for patients with high risk for lung cancer. Many researchers state the potential advantages of CT screening in such patients over conventional screening methods. The American Cancer Society and American Lung Cancer Association, early detection and CT screening is one of the best and only proven methods to fight lung cancer across all age groups. In the US, Lung Cancer is the lead cause of cancer-associated death with an alarming ...

Vitamin C and calcium: daily needs and food sources

Vitamin C: daily needs and food sources The daily need of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), depending on the labor intensity and the age is 64-108 mg for men and 55-79 mg for women. Scientists have concluded that 1200 mg of vitamin C per day helps to prevent falling ill during flu epidemics. It is actually sufficient to take only 100 mg, but after an appearance of the first signs of the disease, the dose should be increased up to 1 g. For those who smoke a pack of cigarettes per day (20 pieces) the dose should be increased by ...

Epigenetics

Introduction to epigenetic regulation of gene expression Epigenetics helps in the study of diversity of phenotypes in a population. It can also help in finding different susceptibilities to a disease in cloned animals or monozygotic twins. Epigenetics are considered as heritable changes in gene expression (Esteller 1148). Researchers have found that early life experiences can result in epigenetic effects leading to long-term outcomes in life (Hall 15).

DNA Methylation.

DNA methylation is considered as the best-known epigenetic marker (Esteller 1148). It is the addition of a methyl group to DNA at the 5-carbon of the cytosine pyrimidine ring preceding a guanine ( ...

In this essay, I will discuss my experience with an acute mental health service user which occurred while I was on clinical placement in this care setting. Medication concordance in major depression is an important part of illness management and will be the emphasis of this paper. First will be a discussion of the service user’s profile including her background, history, and social status which aims to generate an understanding of the factors contributing to non-concordance. Consistent with the Code of Conduct of the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2015), care will be taken to uphold the privacy of ...

Disease management constitutes an important area in the clinical research where drugs possess a significant position. The effect of drugs on various organ systems has been the area of much research interest which gradually made feasible the development of several classes of drugs. Drugs may have dual role of promoting and inhibiting the vital biochemical and molecular pathways that play influential role in the disease outcome.

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are considered as anticongestive heart failure and antihypertensive agents. They have gained wide spread physician and patient satisfaction. The ACE inhibitors prevent the ...

Executive Summary

The objective was to compare effects of GnRH antagonist and standard long protocol agonist on number, and the quality of Metaphase II oocytes, and on reducing risk of hyperstimulation, in patients who are affected by Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is a common endocrinopathy of the women who are in reproductive age, which is a first cause of the anovulation. GnRH agonists are used in the IVF to avoid premature LH surge before the retrieval of oocyte. Research findings from this study can be significant to various Centers for Reproductive Medicine, and also to all the institutions that practice ART. ...

Children that are identified as being on the autism spectrum often present with sleep disturbances as well. The range of children on the spectrum that have sleep disorders in this study range anywhere from 44-83%. Where ever that true number may be, it demonstrates a high prevalence of children on the spectrum that demonstrate sleep issues. The article selected by Anderson et al (2008), studied children on the autism spectrum who all used the same pediatrician. The range of sleep issues that were reported included having difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, and waking too early in the morning. ...

The personal ethical framework should reflect how you respond to other people. Undoubtedly, this should reflect your personal choices, culture, background and family. Ethical conflicts can cause quite a dilemma. When it comes to the workplace, a person should learn how to respect those around them, no matter how they are treated (Tabor 2916). This means that everyone should develop a form of tolerance, even for those who might seem like they do not have respect for anyone else. Before looking in to personal ethics involving other people, the consequences of certain actions should be determined. This means that a person’s moral ...

Background

Azithromycin has two names by which it is prescribed: Zmax and Zithromax. The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of this medication to treat acute bacterial infections of the respiratory system, acute bacterial sinus infections, bacterial pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, skin structure infections, urethritis, cervicitis, and genital ulcer disease. The risks of using this medication include fatal heart rhythms when patients already suffer from cardiovascular conditions. The FDA also notes that this drug should not be used for long-term use1.

Azithromycin for Acute Bronchitis

Ten million adults visit their doctors every year to receive the diagnosis of acute bronchitis. In this pill-popping, ...

The first article that will be examined in this paper is Impact of Hospital Nursing Care on 30-Day Mortality for Acute Medical Patients by Tourangeau1, A.E., Doran, D.M., McGillis Hall, L., O’Brien Pallas, L. and Pringle, D.

Review of Data Analysis

Brief Statistic Summary

The study represents two regression models: multiple regression model and backward regression model. Some of the assumptions were met while some of them were not. The type of data can be considered appropriate for these statistical tests because the results of the tests supported the assumptions that were made at the beginning of the study (Bellolio, Serrano ...

This article on premised on gaining an understanding on nicotine addiction on cigarette smokers. The author posits that nicotine in the cigarettes when injected in rats increases the need for an immediate reward instead of a delayed reward. It is from this observation that the author concludes that cigarette smokers exhibit impulsivity when they prefer immediate rewards instead of larger delayed rewards given at delayed intervals when compared to non-smokers.

- Goal/Question Tested

The objectives of the study determine whether acute and sub-chronic nicotine increased impulsivity when the subjective reward values were manipulated through changes in probability as ...

The story revolves around Raymond Winston Tyler Jr., a lawyer from Alabama. He is popular and had a perfect life. He dated Sela, the only black popular cheerleader in the campus. One day, he met the star footballer in the campus – Kelvin Ellis who is adventurous. He admitted to Raymond that he was bisexual. One kiss and further intimacy change it all for Raymond. During his struggles, his friends JJ and Kyle were beside him. Another man popped in Raymond’s life – Quinn Mathis whom he had sexual and indoor relation. As time goes, Raymond discovered that Quinn was already married ...

What is Alpha GPC?

Alpha GPC is known by various chemical names, including “L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine.” It is described as a form of choline, a naturally occurring chemical in human cells and in other substances (Richards 2013).

It is said to be a nootropic substance, meaning that it affects the mind, in the specific sense that it enhances mental performance, and can have an effect on the memory function (“What is the Definition of a Nootropic Substance?” 2013-14).

How does Alpha GPC work?

It is claimed that it increases mental capabilities including memory and has cognitive benefits, too, by contributing to the process of forming acetylcholine neurotransmitters – crucial elements in the functionality of ...

Hilger RA, Richly H, Grubert M, Kredtke S, Thyssen D, Eberhardt W, et al,. Pharmacokinetics of Sorafenib in Patients with Renal Impairment Undergoing Hemodialysis. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.; 2009: 47(1); 61-64.

This study was focusing on the use of Sorafenib for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is a molecular inhibitor of a variety of tyrosine protein kinases and Raf kinases. Sorafenib is an oral inhibitor that inhibits the activity of threonine kinases. It has been approved in many countries including United States for the treatment of advanced renal cancer and primary liver ...

Introduction

Aims of pre-clinical studies Main stages in clinical drug development and challenges from Phase I to Phase IV Conclusion - Minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol. Introduction

This document contains information related to aims of pre-clinical studies. A brief outline of the main stages in clinical drug development and challenges emerging from it will also be addressed. This would be done by highlighting developments occurring from phases I through IV. An exploration into the minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol will also be embraced. Aims of pre-clinical studies

Pre-clinical trials ...

Oxiracetam, like piracetam and aniracetam, is a supplement belonging to racetam family. It is a brain development supplement that increases the clarity of thought, focus, concentration, and ability to store and recollect the information. It is a man-made nootropic that has gained the popularity because of its bioavailability, i.e., bodies can easily utilize it once ingested. Oxiracetam is convenient to take as it dissolves quickly in the water. Studies have revealed that oxiracetam has positively affected learning and memory of healthy animals and also of animals with cerebral dysfunction. It is also used to treat brain diseases and disorders.

Oxiracetam functions ...

ABSTRACT

This article aims at illustrating the two types and effects of the cancer treatment techniques. Several methods are discussed and analyzed by defining them and showing their impacts on the patient. The article goes further to compare and contrasts the various methods that have been put in practice to treat cancer in an effort to determine the best. Radiotherapy alone, radiotherapy with chemotherapy, 3D CRT and IMRT are some of the discussed techniques in the article. Data was collected among the cancer sick patients who underwent different treatments. The patients were put under different conditions in regard to treatment ...

Delegation refers to the assigning of the responsibilities of a particular nurse to another nurse or supporting staff. The responsibility is usually accompanied by some authority. The person who delegates retains the final accountability for the actions of the one delegated to though (Antony & Vidal, 2010).When deciding which task to delegate, the nurse must consider the resource availability to meet the needs of the patients, expected outcome of the activity delegated, patient’s stability, and complexity of the task. Most importantly, the task should be delegated to a nurse with required training and who is ...

Staging of kidney disease in patients involves assigning the stage of the disease based on the level to which the kidney of the patient in question is infected. Chronic kidney disease is defined as either kidney damage or GFR less than 60ml/min//1.73m squared for three months or more. Staging is important because it makes the work of the medical practitioners easy in terms of patient treatment (Hamm, 2010). As a result of staging, medical practitioners are in a better position of knowing the exact patients with the most advanced level of kidney infection with relative ease. This makes it very efficient ...

Glade Bender JL, Lee A, Reid JM, Baruchel S, Roberts T, Voss SD, Wu B, Ahern CH, Ingle AM, Harris P, Weigel BJ, Blaney SM. Phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of pazopanib in children with soft tissue sarcoma and other refractory solid tumors: a children's oncology group phase I consortium report. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Aug 20;31(24):3034-43.

This study describes a phase I clinical trial of “Pazopanib” in pediatric patients suffering from soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Pazonapib is an anti-angiogenic drug. It is a competitive inhibitor of ATP molecule1,2. It competes with the ‘substrate’ ...

Medication errors are estimated to cause approximately 7000 deaths annually and cost approximately $2 billion in added health care spending. Improving the safety outcomes of medication-use processes in hospitals has been cited as a means of addressing this issue. Careful and planned use of information technology is a proven approach to solve a majority of medication errors made with paper-based systems (Paoletti et al., 2007). These systems have been found to provide much better compliance with the “five rights” of medication administration: right patient, right dose, right route, right time, and right medication (Hook, 2008). Accordingly, the present paper describes a test ...

Multiple sclerosis, which is abbreviated MS, is an inflammatory disease that involves the damage of the fatty myelin sheath surrounding brain axons, as well as the spinal cord. The damage results to the demyelination of the axon scarring including a wide range of symptoms. The disease is also referred to as encephalomyelitis disseminate or disseminated sclerosis (Compston and Coles). The first instance of the disease was reported by Jean-Martin Charcot in 1868. The onset of the disease is mainly seen young adults and is mainly common in women. MS has a prevalence of between 2 to 150 people in a population of ...

1. Introduction

Pharmaceutical products alleviate suffering in patients by presenting therapeutic benefits to them. There is risk in the use of these products, but by consenting to use the drug, the patient has deemed it fit that the benefits of the drug far outweigh the potential danger they may pose. There are two types of reactions that may be exhibited by the patient; adverse drug reaction and adverse drug event . Adverse drug reaction is the typical way in which the body responds to a drug that is toxic, and whose use was unintended. This usually occurs at normal doses for disease treatment. ...

IN POST- MENOPAUSAL WOMEN

INTRODUCTION The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between vitamin D intake in the post menopausal women in the age group of 55-60 years and osteoporosis. The elderly women have higher chances of losing vitamin D and thus suffer from multiple fractures and falls. Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that is stored in the fat cells of the body. It helps in the absorption of calcium by the body. Calcium and other minerals like phosphates are required for maintaining bone health. Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to rickets in the young age and ...

LSD has been a popular approach among psychotherapists, as it has presented beneficial effects for patients, in treating anxiety. My query is regarding the efficacy and safety of LSD on patients while treating for psychological perspective. The required effective and suitable dosage of LSD is also a considerable question, that what amount of LSD exerts positive effects (Gasser et al 153; Hofmann 53-60). LSD or Lysergic acid diethylamide is a compound that was considered to play a significant role in serotonin neurotransmitter system. As a potent psychedelic, it has been associated with brain functioning. Various clinical trial based studies have revealed that it ...

Introduction

Prozac [fluoxetine hydrochloride] is commonly regarded as a first-line therapeutic medication for adolescents due to its supposedly better risk ratio than other antidepressants (Meeker, et al., 2015; Capitao, et al., 2015). It is also currently the most commonly used among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) active ingredients, more than sertraline, escitalopram, venlafaxine (Wagner, 2015). However, its link to suicide cannot be ignored; or to birth defects and low libido (Naish, 2013). Despite the euphoria over it, a dampening cloud can be felt in the background. Is it worth risking adverse effects with Prozac? Is the risk for death or deteriorated ...

Description of the chickenpox as a communicable disease.

Chicken pox is also refers to as varicella, is a communicable disease (CDC – ACIP, 2015). Chicken pox is a viral disease and it is characterized by an itchy red rash in body which mainly begins on face then chest and eventually to the back before spreading allover the body. Herpes varicella-zoster virus causes chickenpox. The oozing blisters or bed linens of an infected person, or contact with the clothing, or droplets as a result of sneeze or cough are all means of spreading the chicken pox. The person infected by the virus will show the symptoms after ten to twenty days of ...

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a broad term describing all heart and circulation diseases, including heart failure, stroke, arterial fibrillation, cardiomyopathy and coronary heart disease. CVD accounts for upwards of 28% of all deaths occurred in the UK (160,000) in 2012, and an estimated 7 million people were thought have been living with the condition. The disease costs the country an estimated £19 billion annually in lost productivity, premature death, and medication costs (£6.8 billion). Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is by far the most common and deadly of CVDs, accounting for 16% of male deaths and 10% of female deaths ...

Neupogen is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that is in man-made form. The bacterium that is used in making this drug is Escherichia coli. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor substance is produced by stimulation of the body cells. Neupogen drug has been widely used and has shown great effectiveness previously in patients suffering from cancer. It is preferred to people fighting cancer since it can stimulate the replication of the white blood cells in the body mostly referred to as the neutrophils. The benefit of the production of more blood cells among these patients is because the latter reduces their body’s’ vulnerability ...

Drug name: Lovenox is the trade name of Enoxaparin sodium. It is low molecular weight equivalent of heparin. Other trade names of this compound are Xaparin and Clexane. Dose and route of administration: Patients at risk of thromboembolic complications, from abdominal surgery, are given 40mg Lovenox per day. The drug is administered 2 hours prior to surgery, via subcutaneous route. For patients undergoing knee or hip displacement, Lovenox is given 12 hours prior to surgery, at the rate of 30mg, for thromboprophylaxis. The dose is continued for 7 to 10 days. For outpatients with deep vein emboli, Lovenox ...

Biology of Disease

Mode of action of;- Dexamethasone The Glucocorticoid receptors are discovered intracellularly in all tissues. They enter cells through inactive dispersion and structure a complex with a receptor protein (Rhodes & Hartnoll, 2002, P.10). This intricate then experiences an irreversible enactment and enters the cell core, where it ties to the DNA, hence prompting organic impacts instigated by these hormones, which include expanded hepatic gluconeogenesis, as well as expanded lipolysis (Ahmed, 2007, P.13). Dexamethasone is utilized to treat numerous provocative and immune system conditions, for example, rheumatoid joint pain and bronchospasm. Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, an abatement in quantities of ...

The main objective of this study is to understand, evaluate and analyze the fateful sentinel event, which struck Mr. B, who was sixty- seven years old and was taken to the Emergency Department (ED) of a sixty bed rural hospital. Mr. B complained to Nurse J of rigorous pain in his hip and left leg after he lost his balance and fell after tripping over his dog. The ED physician and nurse after thorough medical check up treated Mr. B. However, within thirteen minutes of the treatment procedure, Mr. B's health started deteriorating. He was kept on ventilator and was ...

Abstract

Physical activity (exercise) is largely thought to be an indispensable part of human wellbeing. The growing prosperity, material/food abundance, sedentary transport and sedentary lifestyles is linked with the growing incidence of lifestyle diseases including CVD. CVD is currently among most common diseases in developed nations. In the UK alone, an estimated 7 million people are living CVD, which accounts for 160,000 deaths annually. Treatment strategies (including physical activity) have been rigorously tested in cohort studies. However, the type, intensity, and duration of physical activity remain in question. This review is seeking to find theoretical and empirical support for ...

Summary:

“Awakenings” is an Academy award nominated drama film based on the true story of patients affected by encephalitis lethargica in the 1920s, as related by British neurologist Oliver Sacks in a non-fiction book of the same name. Dr. Malcolm Sayer, played by Robin Williams, is an American doctor with no prior experience of working with human patients, who seeks a job at Bainbridge Hospital for chronically unwell patients in the Bronx, New York. He gets the job despite his lack of experience because the hospital is severely under-staffed. The ward he is assigned is referred to as 'garden' by the nursing ...

Question 1

PCBs Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated hydrocarbons with two phenyl rings. They are stable, resistant to fire and possess good insulating properties. Hence, they were used widely before their ban in 1979, in transformers, capacitors, hydraulic machine lubricants, and oil based paints, adhesives, sealants, insulating and caulking material as well as in light ballasts. (US Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA], 2013). EH&S as well as FS personnel would have to handle PCBs when they indulge in building demolition, renovation, decontamination activities or in case of emergencies such as fire and explosion. PCBs present in electrical and building materials pose a ...

Age Related Changes in the Elderly

Aging is a natural physiological process every human being goes through in his or her life. Some people may show the effects of aging at a relatively young age than others. Some may look older than their chronological age, while others may remain younger due to their active and healthy lifestyle habits (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon, 2015). Aging leads to changes at the cellular level. This in turn affects the functioning of the body as well. In order to distinguish between normal and abnormal aging, it is important to understand the normal aging changes. Forgetfulness and confusion was considered as ...

This Paper was prepared for_________ taught by___________

Introduction. Distinguishing between dementia, delirium and depression in geriatric population can be a challenge. This paper describes the clinical case of a patient brought to the emergency room and focuses on assessment, differential diagnosis, and treatment options. Clinical management. Based on the information presented in the case (the clinical examination data only) it is not possible to precisely define the cause of delirium. Slightly increased blood pressure(150\90) and subfebrile temperature (99F) may be both consequences of agitation and other causes as e.g side effects of some medications taken by Mrs.Mayfield, or their interaction (e.g.opioids, benzodiazepines, antiarythmics, steroids) which ...

Abstract

The research paper discusses the origin and nature of methadone, including the historical aspect of its development and further commercial and scientific use. The paper also describes the pharmacology of methadone, including the route of administration of the drug, its metabolism and its mechanism of action. Next section of the paper explains the experience in medical use of methadone, as it`s a great alternative to the painkillers based on the opiates, it plays a major role in the therapy of maintaining and replacement and treating the withdrawals syndromes. The positive effects on the pregnant patients are also described here with a ...

Spina bifida is neural tube defects that are caused by ecological and hereditary factors that are not yet fully understood. There is no known cure yet for Spina Bifida condition, the damaged nerve tissue cannot be replaced. Some surgical interventions depend on the severity of the disease. In the worst case scenario, if the severe conditions are detected earlier through ultrasound, abortion is recommended. Folate, also called folic acid is a B group vitamin that can prevent most neural tube defects. The recommended dose for the women who are planning to become expectant is 0.5 mg every day for a ...

Antifungal Medications

In dentistry and oral care medicine, antifungal medications are prescribed less compared to conventional analgesic or antibiotics. However, it is mandatory that a clinician or dentist is familiar with common antifungal indications and medications available in the market. Antifungals are used to treat oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is known to cause complex oral health problems. Oral and pharyngeal candidiasis is caused by the primary fungal organism Candida albicans. Oral candidiasis is listed as an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Due to imbalances in the oral flora, patients using oral antibiotics could develop case of ...

Introduction

Aspirin is one of the most commonly used drug in the world. The generic name is acetyl salicylic acid and the drug belongs to the group of non- steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, which works by inhibiting the production of compounds in the body that cause pain, fever, inflammation, and blood clots (Koester, 1993). Aspirin is also a member of the salicylate family of compounds as it is synthesized from salicylic acid, which was discovered in Oxford (UK) by Edward stone in 1793 and first synthesized in the laboratory in 1897 by a German scientist, Felix Hoffmann of the Bayer company (Rinsema, 1999). ...

Asthma is a chronic airway disease that is difficult to manage because of numerous risk factors and complicated by poor self-management. This is a case study of acute severe asthma triggered by viral respiratory infection and exercise in an Aboriginal female with chronic asthma. The discussion will include the diagnostic tests, patient assessment, care and interventions, medications, and nursing care performed or should have been performed. The expected outcomes will also be described.

An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis was performed showing respiratory acidosis and mild hypoxaemia. Above normal PaCO2 and below normal pH meant the lungs could not eliminate carbon ...

(City, State)

Introduction

Tuberculosis or TB refers to a common, deadly, and infectious disease that is caused by a number of mycobacteria strains (Kumar, et al., 2007). The most common mycobacterium that causes TB is the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB usually affects the lungs, although it is also possible for the other body parts to be affected. The disease uses air as the medium of spreading the infection when infected people sneeze, cough or transmit fluids from the respiratory organs through air. Some of the symptoms associated with the different TB variant, as well as TB stages, include chills, loss of appetite, fever, ...

Introduction

Objective The effect of gamma radiation exposure on various biological species is known to vary with the radiation dose. Contrary to earlier theories which predict greater damage with increasing dosage, recent studies have observed a non-linear relationship at relatively low doses (Al-Safadi & Simon, 1996; Bajaj et al., 1970; Mokobia, & Anomohanran, 2005). An experiment to observe this effect on the monocot crop plant Hordeum Vulgare was carried out. Varying doses of 0 Krad, 5Krad, 10 Krad, 25 Krad, 50 Krad, and 100 Krad were used on six batches of seedlings. The aim of this paper is to discuss the methodology ...

- Normal issues and Organ at Risk Due to Irradiation The radiation effects in human are due to the deposition of energy in the human body. Not all the tissues are exposed to the radiation effect. Only few of the tissues are exposed to the radiation effect. The radiation therapy is used for the medical treatment. A high dose of radiation will result in damage of sensitive tissue, even, it may result in death. A high dose of radiation results in the death of cells. All the cells are not equal to the radiation sensitivity. Only the sensitive ...

Abstract

Patients put immense trust in the healthcare providers, and in return expect safety in their hands. Healthcare Informatics, and electronic health records in particular goes a long way in ensuring their safety. The EHR improves care through safer, more accurate and complete information being shared among all the healthcare providers. Wait times for appointments - procedures, and access to community care facilities - are reduced. So are for the laboratory test results and clinical diagnosis. The electronic systems also ensure enhanced security of health information through encryption. It also allows doctors access to secured patients’ information. These include patient physicals, ...

Introduction:

- The impact of medication/dosage calculation

Position: Nursing faculty improves student performance with medication/dosage calculation

Body: Relevant information - importance of medication and dosage calculation - types of calculations - A clear connection between nursing faculty and medication/ dosage calculation

Conclusion

- Summary - Recommendation based on the reviewed literature.

References

The sources used included at the end of this paper Introduction Dosage calculation is the computation of the amount of medication to be administered in a required dose, strength and unit volume. Calculations are significant sources of medication errors (Cowan, 2009). The patient safety depends on the practitioner ability to calculate dosage accurately and ...

Executive Summary

Executive Summary Nurses are at the forefront of health care delivery. A patient’s satisfaction to the care he or she receives in a hospital depends on a large extent to the way nurses interact with him or her. At present, there is a growing diversity not only among patients served, but also within the health care personnel. Thus, for nurses to provide the best possible care for their patients, it is important to institutionalize effective mechanisms that promote diversity awareness and self-diversity awareness. An example of such mechanism is the proposed Diversity Awareness Campaign.

The Diversity Awareness Campaign is aimed ...

Introduction

All organisms including human beings are exposed to a myriad of toxins from within the environment .The food we eat, the water we drink and the air we breathe, soaps ,cosmetics and other chemicals used in our daily lives contain toxins. Almost everything within the environment if taken in sufficient amounts can turn out to be poisonous or harmful .Therefore; there is a need to apply quick and cheap methods of testing and to determine the amounts of toxins in substances. Toxicity presents a complex variation between individuals. An amount that can harm one individual may not harm the other person. ...

Essay

Abstract In today's fast moving constantly changing world every person might need some certain means for relaxation once in a while, thus, it will be very difficult to find a person who has never tasted alcohol in his life. Alcohol is one of the lightest forms of addictive substances, but still the danger of becoming addicted is huge, especially if drink alcoholic beverages on a usual basis. Of course it does not mean that our human body has any physical need for alcoholic beverages at all. This need, if appeared, is only psychological, that is why psychological programming is extremely popular ...

Introduction

Nebulization is the most effective method for delivering medications to patients suffering from respiratory disease. Nebulizers do not require special inhalation techniques; therefore, hospitals utilize a variety of nebulizer designs for medicinal delivery. One of these devices is called AeroEclipse, which can be operated via one of two different modes. The breath actuation mode generates aerosol only during the patient’s inspiration while the other mode allows for the continuous generation of aerosol particles regardless of the patient’s inspiratory and expiratory efforts. Also, the AeroEclipse has two different patient interfaces: the facemask and the mouthpiece. The hypothesis of this ...

Health education is one of the most important kinds of classes that teenagers need, as their health and future both depend on their awareness of the problems drugs can cause in their lives. What should we do for teenagers not to become addicts? What are the first symptoms of teenage drug addiction? What type of drug harms in the most destructive way? Why can people suddenly die from heroin or methamphetamine? Why marijuana is the easiest and also the most dangerous drug? What is the average lifespan of a drug addict? Why is it almost not possible to recover from ...

Argumentative Essay on Legalizing Marijuana

Introduction Marijuana is a preparation of the cannabis plant and it is intended for the purpose as a psychoactive drug and as medicine. Marijuana is a natural plant, which is found throughout the world. Marijuana is recognized to be a drug that gives pleasure to the users and using marijuana is considered as illegal in almost every country. Some nations are very strict when it comes to imposing law to legalize marijuana while others are not strict. Marijuana has physiological and psychoactive results when consumed. Present-day uses of marijuana are as medical or recreational drug.

Nowadays, many people are determining to side ...