Essays on Carbon

Introduction

Being the fastest growing country in the world, China is one of the leading countries in greenhouse gas production globally. In the recent years, China has outdone United States of America in carbon dioxide emission because of the availability of many industries and automobiles using gasoline fuels. The rise on carbon dioxide production in China has been attributed to the huge production volume, and lack of policies to restrict the production of harmful gases. In addition, China signed lucrative contracts to use oil to run its industries instead of using other sources of power like solar, wind, or hydro-electric ...

Introduction

Currently, coal-fired power plants account for more than 80% of carbon dioxide emissions in the electric power industry of the United States and 33% of all the carbon dioxide emissions in the United States. Consequently, reducing carbon dioxide emissions that come from the coal plants is the focus of most proposals that intend to cut on the greenhouse gas emission. The options to do this include capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide that emitted by the coal power plants, replacing the coal power plants with the low or zero carbon dioxide sources of power like the nuclear and wind energy.

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Introduction

These days, after the rise of industrial revolution, almost every economy is dependent on industrial activities which businesses pursue to not only make profits but create value for the society at large. While pursuing such an activity, the manufacturing concerns are also required to take care of the environment as well. This is because the production activities not only involve the release of dangerous wastes but also involve the emission of carbon dioxide gas which is harmful for society, environment and marine life as a whole resulting in a rise of global warming. Carbon dioxide (having a chemical formula ...

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers ...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet (Arthurs &Sudhakar 2005). Carbon dioxide is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is highly regulated. This paper aims at discussing the production and transport of carbon dioxide from the cells ...

Carbon (C) is a chemical element of atomic number 6 and belongs to group 14 on the periodic table. Carbon is a nonmetallic element and it’s the sixth in abundance in the universe. Coal is the most readily available source of carbon. Carbon in its raw form is of little value and has to be processed into commercially applicable forms. Commercial carbon appears in three allotropes: graphite, amorphous, and diamond. This is a research paper on carbon, its applications and negatives effects on the environment (Jefferson Lab).

CARBON ALLOTROPES

Amorphous carbon is the resulting black material when a carbonaceous fuel ...

The Carbon Tax Scheme (CTS) is an indirect tax levied on users of fossil fuel and was implemented in January 2012. The Carbon Tax is based on the Economic Principle of Negative Externalities. Negative externalities are costs to the society that is created when goods and services are produced. The negative effects of these activities are shouldered by the society so payment for that cost from the parties that are liable is widely believed to be the appropriate approach for managing it. In the case of fossil fuel use, users of electricity from these sources are taxed based on the amount of Carbon Dioxide emitted into the atmosphere.

This report is submitted for the purpose of identifying how the Company, a food and beverage conglomerate operating in South East Asia and the Pacific, can prepare itself for the implementation of the CTS. In particular, it examines why the following questions are critical to the Company using literature sourced from the internet. The “readiness” questions are: ...

Introduction:

Carbon dioxide is generated through cell metabolism that takes place in the mitochondria. Carbon dioxide amount that is produced is dependent on the metabolism rate as well as on the relative carbohydrate, protein and fat amount being metabolized. The amount of carbon dioxide produced at rest is usually about 200 ml per minute eating a mixed diet. This results in the utilization of about 80% of oxygen and gives respiratory quotient of 0.8 (Arthurs & Sudhakar 2005, p. 207). Carbon is one of the main products that are released following metabolism and the level of it in the body is ...

A brief analysis of goals and challenges

ABSTRACT The contemporary world of today is faced with several environmental problems that increasingly threaten our continued existence. At the heart of all such environmental effects is pollution, primarily carbon based emission. Realizing the need to reduce these emissions, the world nations have together decided on the transformation to a low carbon society. Power generation and transport are particularly the main sources of emission and the world therefore has to consider moving away from fossil fuels to renewable sources through technological development. In order to achieve this, the world nations have decided to reduce emissions and have also put ...

(Course/Major) (Professor/Instructor) (Location/Address)

Carbon Capture Technologies

Introduction Aside from oil, coal is regarded as one of the most important fossil fuel resources being utilized in the global energy mix. However, the use of coal in power generation has resulted in serious air pollution around the world. The use of coal has resulted in the release of almost 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, with a majority of these pollutants emanating from power generation activities. Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies seek to address the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that add to the growing problem of air pollution in ...

English Engineering Paper – Latest Updates on Low Carbon Technology

Abstract A lot of things have changed and technologies developed ever since the world entered the industrial era. Now, we are in the so called digital era, where most, if not everything, appear computerized. Machines and computers are now a big part of people’s lives that most cannot stand a day without access to such technologies. The continuously increasing reliance of companies and basically any type of organizations on computers, believing that they are keys in making work more efficient and effective at the same time, can also be easily noted. The world population has boomed so hard, ...

For this paper, I have researched and studied the topic of Carbon Dioxide reduction. In this paper, my effort is to look at why Carbon Dioxide is harming the climate, where is it coming from and measures that are being taken to reduce it. It was around the 19th century when climatologists discovered that our atmosphere had certain gasses that produce a “greenhouse effect” and affect earth’ temperature. The greenhouse effect, simply explained, is when gasses trap the heat in our atmosphere. This is the phenomenon that keeps the earth a warm place. Without this effect, our planet would ...

Should China implement a carbon tax?

For the last century, China’s ineluctable rise ranks among the most salient world developments. Few years ago, U.S.A was still facing economic indigence. Come the end of this century, China’s economy is set to transcend that of the United States (Ella 3). China rises to world’s economic giants, is on the basis of its huge productive volume. Chris, in his documentary, depicts how beautifully China rises, using strict noninterference policy while trading and investing with her partners (Ella 4). China differs from America since she signs lucrative contracts for oil, instead of using brutal power. China ...

Report: Low Carbon Transport Systems

Summary Research sources selected for this paper include three strategy / policy approaches to achieving a low carbon transportation system. “Towards low carbon transport in Europe” describes the European Union (EU) policies and plans they have set in place to achieve the desired CO2 emission reductions. “Low Carbon Transport: A Greener Future” is the UK’s strategy document. The United Kingdom, as a member country of the EU thus shares some of its plans and targets. A more locally-based research source is “Birmingham Low Carbon Transport Strategy 2011+” – a low carbon transportation system strategy from the perspective of an ...

Literature Review

Tourism’s basic purpose is to visit other places, cultures, traditions and expand one’s experience of the world. That is why Murphy (2013) argued that tourism is natural renewable resource industry in which visitors visit only to admire. However, tourism is so popular that this industry is producing 5% of the world GDP currently (“United Nations Environment Programme,” 2014). Hence, with the growing amount of money in tourism, the tourism industry is becoming recklessly extravagant when it comes to exploiting resources and harming the planet. But in tourism, sustainability is important to avoid noxious effects on people, environment ...

Introduction

The carbon atom is one of the most fascinating atoms in the world. This is because of the processes and transformations it can go through time from organism to organism. The journey that the carbon atom goes through from the atmosphere into the plant, then the animal and then out again into the atmosphere over and over through a myriad of processes is called the carbon cycle, and if one of the most important cycles in life as we know it. The carbon atom partaking in the life cycles by being part of the building blocks of both living ...

In order to allow for free movement of electrons, graphitic carbon materials have a tendency of sharing crystalline domain (Fitzer & Köchling, 1992) for increased conductivity (Walker, P. L., 1973). In the study carried out by (Novoselov, et al.; Bazaroz & Nikolaev, 1989; Liu et al., 2004; Harfanist et al., 2004; Coleman et al., 2006), the use of graphitic carbon in several applications including the next generation electronics, composite materials (Coleman et al., 2006; Chen, I.-H., Chen, C.-Y., & Wang, 2010), activated carbon fibers, fuel cells (Wang, Zhao, & Niu, 2007; Marta, et al, 2008), sensors and batteries (Besenhard, 1999; Hess, Lebraud & ...

Personal Carbon Footprint

Personal Carbon Footprint Carbon emissions are considered as playing a great role in the growing problem on climate change (Merti, 2008). As such, it is important for people to determine or have an idea of their personal carbon footprint so that they may be better informed of how they can contribute to the solution or prevention of this climate change problem. According to Kentucky writer Nancy Grant, author of Complete Idiot’s Guide to Your Carbon Footprint, “Understanding that you have a carbon footprint and some of the major components of it is an excellent way to start thinking ...

Abstract

This paper explores the politics of environmental carbon reduction as it proves how market based instruments are hampered by political considerations, particularly in the case of reducing greenhouse gas emission. Environmental problems pressure national and global organizations, especially of climate change, Greenhouse gas emission is taken as a major solution to this problem. As the main argument, this essay proposes that market based instruments are very attractive as a solution to the environmental problems in carbon production but only in theory. In actual applications, they are usually hindered by political concerns. Politics is the baseline framework in environmental policy ...

Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation

Global Warming: Cause and Mitigation Global warming is the change in the climate due to the rise in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere and the oceans. Ocean and climate are linked to each other and so oceans bear the effect of climate change as evidence by increase in the sea level and change in the temperature. This rise in the temperature of the earth’s surface caused increased global warming of the climate. This change in the climate in turn impacts the health of marine species, ecosystem and also humans. Similarly the greenhouse gases produced by the ...

Introduction.

The European emissions trading scheme (EU ETS) was launched in 2005 to curtail adverse climatic changes in the Europe. Today, the EU ETS is the largest emissions trading scheme in the world. Its foundation and motivation was based on the EU climate policy of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions emitted from human activities that pose dangerous and harmful climatic changes to the world. It currently covers 1100 factory plants and other high energy plants in all EU member states. The EU ETS was the first cap-and –trade allowances system for carbon four oxide emissions alongside other greenhouse gases at ...

Abanades, J., Rubin, E., & Anthony, E. (2004, March 26). Sorbent Cost and Performance in CO2 Capture Systems - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research (ACS Publications) . I&EC Research. Retrieved October 1, 2013, from http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie049962v Power plants are usually advised to apply Carbon dioxide capture in the final storage as an alleviation option to climate changes. Various carbon dioxide captures concepts apply sorption and desorption cycle as a method of separating Carbon dioxide from flue gas as well as oxygen from air. However, it is required that all carbon capturing processes must be in a position to handle the massive flow of ...

p. 19-33 Victoria, R., Banwart, S., Black, H., Ingram, J., Joosten, H. Milne, E. and Noellemeyer, E. Synopsis of the Article

According to Victoria et al. (2012), the global demand for food has escalated by over 50% with the demand for water and energy heightening by up to 60% and 45% respectively. These increases have consequentially mounted a tremendous pressure on the world’s soils. In this light, the authors contend that soil plays an all-important role in the stabilization of the world’s climate, water supplies and most importantly biodiversity. ...

Executive Summary

This process of making 17 reams release 100 pounds of Carbon dioxide in the environment. Forests and trees are mainly responsible for maintaining a stable environment of the world. Going paperless will help reduce the total waste that disturbs the natural environment. Trees are naturally responsible for absorbing carbon dioxide through the process of photosynthesis. The amount of paper recycled is proportional to the amount of tree saved. The increased usage of recycled paper will help decrease the demand for virgin paper. Decrease in the demand of virgin paper will automatically help reduce the air and water pollution. The ...

Carbon Footprint

Introduction The number of private vehicles are now increasing. It is an alarming issue since more cars mean more sources of greenhouse gas emissions. These vehicles used traditional diesel and gasoline engines which emits large amounts of greenhouse gases (Barmore, 2013). The current number of cars reached about 1 billion. The largest quantity of cars is from the United States which is the birthplace of the land vehicles. The latest trend about the quantity of private vehicles is that it will be doubled in 2030. That is about 2 billion cars that are contributing to the air pollution in ...

Executive summary

This article discusses the topic are there issues with revenue –neutral carbon tax as reported on the wall street journal of April 17th 2013.with increased campaign on the need for reduction on emissions that have caused an increase in the quantity of green house gases that have led to dramatic climatic changes. According to the Washington post of 25th April 2013, it’s depicted that, “For years it’s been obvious in policy-wonk circles that a carbon tax is a great idea.” Many nations especially the developed ones like those in Europe have in America have opposed this move ...

The understanding and determination of carbon footprint is greatly evolving, and today, several accounting systems of carbon footprint are available. However, there has not been any methodology that is generally accepted or a regulatory guidance on how to calculate the product’s “carbon footprint.” This has resulted in the great variation in the carbon footprint of products depending on the methods used and the assumptions. Carbon footprint is defined as a measure of the quantity or the amount of carbon dioxide which is emitted when fossil fuels are burned either during the manufacture and supply of a product, or ...

ABSTRACT

There are a number of important benefits that can be gleaned for humanity as a whole if production processes could be moved to space. This is a holistic investigation of the different benefits of moving manufacturing processes to space, and of the current processes that are capable of being carried out in space or in orbit. Full-scale production of space vehicles is the final end goal of the process, but a focus on small-scale production via 3-D printing technologies is also examined over the course of the study. A literature review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects ...

Abstract

Studies in mechanics have evolved to be the most fundamental tool in the innovation of new materials and advanced technology. Specifically, studies in Continuum Mechanics, has been very influential in producing materials that exhibit various desirable characteristics at the expense of size and weight. Nanotubes are a perfect example of how this study has impacted the evolution in material technology. It has been used as the basis for the explanation of these complex materials as well as provisions for their behavioral effects during machining. The wide use of nanotubes in fragile fields like technical textile supplements, truly depict the ...

Financial Analysis (Competition Bikes Inc.)

Abstract The purpose of this research will discuss about how the company should change its costing method to the activity-based on costing. It will contain the evaluation of cost-volume-profit regarding of the sales units and sales dollars for Carbon Lite and Titanium bikes. It will support what company management needed to increase the cost of direct materials by 10% and the fixed costs to the production facility. There also some factors that have been discussing in this research about the ways of the company how to innovate their product in increasing their cost profit. However, the quality the employees ...

Introduction

Biomass is a biological material obtained from a living organism or a recently living organism. The word biomass is derived from two Greek words; bio meaning life, and maza meaning mass (Demirbas, “Fuels from Biomass” 43). Biomass means non-fossil and bio-decomposable organic matter (originating from plants, animals and microorganisms). The products, byproducts, residues and waste from agricultural processing, all constitute biomass. Bio-waste simply means non-fossil and biodegradable waste that is composed of organic matter. Bio-wastes include food and kitchen wastes, garden and park wastes, and wastes from food processing plants. Bio-waste is therefore an element of biomass. Non-fossil wastes ...

Global warming is real and represents a danger to the planet

Global warming has remained to be a hot topic for debate since the discovery of its impact in the environment since the 1970s. The argument between the skeptics and the supporters of climate change reduction and global warming continues to argue regarding its impact and possible consequences to the entire planet. Skeptics believe that the talk about global warming should not be given enough attention because it is not true and there have been studies that claim that the globe is actually cooling down. However, the skeptics could not deny that the studies showcasing the impact of global warming ...

Essay 1:

There are different problems that are in the world that are created by global warming. Most of the problems that are brought by the global warming factor have been with human beings for a few decades and they have developed ways of dealing with these problems. The different problems created by global warming have been clearly identified and different groups have come out strongly to search for the solutions and suggested solutions to these problems. The chief problem of global warming is the increase in temperatures in the planet due to the trapping of the carbon dioxide gas. Scientists ...

The current business climate is represented by corporations that have influence on the society and environment. Their influence surpasses the economic well being and extends beyond social responsibility. There is an exponential growth in concern about the world’s environment. A lot of focus is being made on corporations that play or have played roles in recognition of the benefits of using the environment sustainably. As well, a good number of corporations have embraced the need and benefits associated with issues of corporate social responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) simply constitutes the notion that company can basically have influence ...

Professional Development 1 – Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Background on carbon footprint responses – Corporate Governance The Board of directors of Woolworths Market in Australia has the major responsibility towards the Company’s corporate governance. It certainly realizes the importance of it is own corporate governance framework, especially when laying the foundation on areas such as accountability, guiding, as well as various regulating activities, monitoring and managing risks. However, the Board also identifies the necessary need to review annually, the system concerning corporate governance since the best practice changes over time. This particular review directly reveals the Company’s current governance framework, towards the corporate governance principles, and ...

Man and Global Warming

Discussions regarding Global Warming or Climate Change are not complete without the arguments surrounding the causes of this phenomenon. It had been noted that the phenomenon began sometime around the 19th century when the Industrial Revolution took into effect, causing thousands of chemicals to be brought to the atmosphere. These chemicals then took a toll over the ozone layer, opening an opening to allow infrared rays from the sun to enter the globe. While many have accepted that the phenomenon had something to do with the evolution of man’s inventions to make their lives easier, some have raised ...

Personal Carbon Footprint Calculation and Efforts to Reduce Impact on Climate Change

ID Number

Carbon Footprint Calculation Baseline Emissions The baseline emission for personal carbon footprint is calculated based on the plan to reside in a third world country. Indonesia is selected as an example of the third world country that ratified the Kyoto protocol and signed on July 13 1998 , so there is a strong relevance between this exercise and the country’s policy on emission reduction. Indonesia is a tropical country with climate conditions that do not require heating facilities, so emission form such facility will be insignificant. The baseline emission of personal carbon footprint calculated using the carbon ...

Is global climate caused by human activities?

Currently, the question on whether human activities cause global warming has sparked debates from environmental experts. The massive growth of the population has increased growth of consumption, and this poses threats to the global climate. The rise of the earth’s temperature is mainly caused by the gases released by greenhouses, especially carbon dioxide. It is saddening to note that the climatic changes affect the physical and biological systems across the universe. Global warming can only be decreased if the carbon output released by human activities is reduced. The Journal of Climate published a paper by Jara Imbers, Chris ...

Environmental sustainability

Abstract Information Technology has played a major role to reduce carbon emissions. Saudi Arabia and Australia have played a major role through Information Technology to combat the climatic change. Both countries have the potential of new information technologies to reduce carbon emissions. Almost 2% of the global carbon emission is estimated to be from the sector of information and Communication Technology. This is the same as the carbon emitted by the fuel consumed in airline industry. Information Technology has helped to reduce carbon emissions across other sectors as well. These new methods include intelligent systems for cooling data centers, ...

Introduction

The history of human evolution is intriguing. From invention of fire to industrial revolution and globalisation, man has come a long way. Every effort has been/is being made to improve quality of human life. However, in the process of making his life comfortable, man’s influence on nature has been increasing. Rising pollution, climatic changes and global warming have become the key environmental concerns today. Have these issues been triggered by man’s increasing efforts to control his environment? Are these efforts causing global warming and climate changes occurring today? The objective of this paper is to contemplate on ...

Abstract

Global warming remains by far the biggest challenge humans have faced in this century. It affects the entire planet although not the entire plane is to be blamed for it. The emission of greenhouse gases and particularly carbon dioxide has been at all-time peak in this century especially the last half of the century. Studies show that the current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 385 ppm, up from 285 ppm prior to industrialization. This has sparked an unstoppable change in the climate patterns in the world. The changes are mostly with regard to the ...

ENGINEERING

Abstract Wind turbines have become a practical and efficient fossil fuels replacement for the generation of electrical energy. Characteristics optimized include weight, ease of manufacture and structural integrity. Ease of manufacturing has a direct relationship to costs. Lighter materials for blade construction are necessary to decrease blade weight and lengthen blades. Carbon fibers or composites of glass and carbon fibers are lighter than glass fibers. Hypothesis: controlling the speed of the infusion will allow the capacity to manage the speed of the infusion process and in that way control of the final composite material. Results showed that 68.5 meters ...

Introduction

The name diamond owes its origin to Greece. The term is a corruption of the Greek term Adamas, which means the invincible or the unbreakable. In mineralogy, diamond refers to an allotrope of carbons, which is capable of transiting from one state to another. The carbon atoms within the mineral are arranged in a cubic-centered crystal known as the diamond lattice. The diamond mineral has the formula C and exists in Isometric-Hexoctahedral (cubic) crystal system. It is also essential to note that diamond exists in the space group C63/mmc. Diamond exists in different varieties, as distinguished by their colors. ...

In the recent past, there is a growing accord, on whether Canada should take a serious action in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, there are challenges related to the political appropriateness of carbon pricing. The main problem is that should Canada implement a carbon price, its factories might be forced to relocate to other countries to evade the rule. Even if, other countries are supportive to Canada to price carbon, the paraphernalia will be bumpy across all its sectors. In addition, politicization efforts by comparatively more-affected divisions might intimidate the political feasibility of the policy.

Situation Analysis

The current situation of ...

Order# 209828430

Energy Markets The issue about carbon dioxide emission is a big argument in many countries. Many countries including the United States have come up with policies to curb the use of carbon emission in factories and other sectors. Many factories including power plants produce carbon dioxide in order to produce electricity. There are many power plants in the country and they produce an energy at large measure which means they also produce carbon dioxide in large quantities. According to Reuters, the EPA is setting a standard for the amount of carbon dioxide produced in power plants. Power plants mainly ...

Carbon accounting is a technique by which States’ compliance or conformity with the Kyoto Protocol is recorded or documented. It is the process of accounting pursued to determine the amount of carbon (IV) oxide equivalents which will not be emitted into the atmosphere due to Flexible Mechanisms schemes or projects within the Kyoto Protocol (Williams, 2010). Carbon emissions trading, is an example of a scheme adopted by many nations for improvements within environment. It allows members to purchase and sell permits or sanctions for carbon dioxide emissions or credits for cutback in emissions of greenhouse gases (Hurteau, Koch & Hungate, ...

Introduction

Carbon dioxide is the main byproduct in a brewery. Accordingly, we have identified source of carbon dioxide, as an exhaust gas produced in a brewery. This report explains how such a source of carbon dioxide can be harnessed for future use.

Air extraction technology to capture atmospheric carbon dioxide

We understand that due to excessive burning of fossil fuels there is abundance or more than expected amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Accordingly, carbon dioxide can be extracted from atmospheric conditions using various technologies. This technology of carbon dioxide capture is a step wise process, which is called air extraction (Zeman and Lackner, 2004). In this ...

Sustainability has no clear line of definition as it means a lot different things to different people. To some, it could be a way of living with regard to the extent they can bear. Others could define it as the production styles they use in their flow of business, or a business as a whole. It could imply the responses to policies especially in the question of to what extent the environment that should be consumed over time (Ana Markulev, 2013). Sustainability entails the ability to do an activity continuously. In sustainable development, the current needs are met without ...

Polyvinylidene fluoride polymer first exhibited the piezoelectric effect in the year 1969 followed by the pyroelectric effect some years later, leading to the development of numerous applications of pyroelectricity and piezoelectricity. PVDF possesses many attractive features as a tactile or touch sensor. Tactile sensors can be used to monitor skin conditions. They find use in minimally invasive surgery. Tanaka et al. developed an active palpitation sensor to detect hypertrophy and prostate cancer. Pyroelectric and piezoelectric polymers help in energy conversion. The Energy Harvesting Eel device created by Taylor et al. used piezoelectric polymers for the conversion of mechanical flow ...

Anthropogenic Global Warming: Man’s Influence in the Environment

Since the Industrial Revolution, scientists are beginning to be aware as to the changing temperatures the Earth, which is now causing several consequences in the planet’s weather systems and the natural balance of the environment. The studies indicated a high increase in carbon dioxide emissions, influencing the increasing temperatures and the subsequent natural calamities that are now violent and destructive similar to nuclear and atomic weaponry. Resources, formerly rich and thriving, are now becoming scarce in various regions and people and animals alike are left with lesser supplies of food and water. Scientists have pointed out that man’ ...

The following paper describes the current developments and advances in the use and application of smart packaging technology in food packaging processes. The paper focuses on the application of the technology through various methods of smart food packaging, process designs, equipment used and the current applications. The paper also gives the various applications for the smart food packaging technologies.

Oxygen Absorbers

Oxygen absorbers/scavengers refer to smart packaging technologies that work by absorbing oxygen from foods while reducing oxygen metabolism in the packaged food (Latou et al. 2010). The process is designed to decrease oxidative rancidity and stop any unintended oxidation of ...

MEM 695

Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to introduce the different types of energy resources utilized worldwide. This paper discusses the history of the different resources used, starting with the utilization of conventional fossil fuel based technologies, the emergence of nuclear power and finally, the commercialization of renewable energy resources. The main objective of this research paper is to provide an insight on how these energy sources are accessed, utilized, distributed and developed. The paper also seeks to impact of the utilization of these various energy resources on the environment, especially the effect of continued utilization of conventional ...

What is sunlight?

The sun provides tirelessly every square meter of the earth's surface, which it attacks, with an average of about 1370 watts of power (in the form of electromagnetic radiation). We say that the sun burns, but actually it does not. Instead, the sun is a giant nuclear reactor (Layton & Freudenrich, 2000). This solar energy is called the solar constant, since it does not change, except for minor fluctuations. Solar energy is sent in the form of light waves. Light is an electromagnetic wave. The frequency of light - or how fast the waves vibrate - determines the differences in ...

This essay paper shows how the use and effective use of carbon dioxide as a fire protection system for the hazard of bulk hydrogen gas facility. This paper will provide the information on the advantages and disadvantages of using carbon dioxide as an agent for fighting fires resulting from the hazard of hydrogen. Fire protection systems involving gases allow for the use of fire fighting agents such as carbon dioxide, wet chemicals or dry chemicals and foams. Carbon dioxide has been the most successful fire suppression agent that has been used for many years in many countries worldwide. It ...

Abstract

- In the recent past the issues of industrial effluent have continued to be a great problem since it causes environmental pollution and destruction of the biodiversity. - A good example is coca-cola company, it has continuously increased the levels of carbon (IV) oxidized in the atmosphere and increased solid waste. - These wastes from these companies are of the concern to the community as it may result in climate change, and global warming. - The company can control its emission by use of appropriate technology such as recycling of solid waste to reduce pollution. - Recycling of plastic ...

Introduction

Waste management refers to the process of collecting, transporting and disposing trash, sewage and other waste materials. There are different sources of waste including residential, industrial, commercial, institutional, construction and demolition, municipal, agriculture and manufacturing and all these waste products whether solid, gaseous, liquid or radioactive come under the realm of waste management. Due to the rapid growth and fast development in Australia, the country has produced waste on humongous amount. As per the data provided by Australian Bureau of Statistics, the growth of average annual rate of waste production in Australia is about 5.4% between 1996-97 and 2006-07. ...

Introduction

Air food and shelter are the three basic necessities of life where air is the most essential elements for a human body to live and survive. Air is nothing but a mixture of oxygen, vapors, inert gases, and nitrogen which make up to 99.9 percent of it. In turn, human releases carbon dioxide which can be harmful for all the living creatures that are plants, animals and human being . There are numerous kinds of pollution. Its causes and effects have been largely discussed in many platforms. Some of the effects that are well known are development of holes in ...

Introduction

Fiji Water Company has experienced several challenges especially in 2008. The company struggled in achieving a carbon reduction in its emission levels at its production plant. Further, there were carbon emission levels that were experienced in its transportation of products. This made it difficult for the company to convince the consumers and stakeholders of its dedication in reducing its carbon production. The company’s title as a leading company, in environmental concerns involving activities such as carbon footprint disclosure created doubts among its consumers and stakeholders alike. The company has also faced environmental protests in several markets it has ...

Introduction to Physiology: Respiration

There are a lot of factors that determine the rate and depth of human respiration. Some of the factors are influenced by the conscious control part of the brain while others are not. Different organ system functions leads to unique pattern of respiration and even though respiration is controlled by the autonomous nervous system, people play a part in the control of breathing. Respiration is affected by certain chemicals which include oxygen, carbon dioxide, acid, epinephrine and acetylcholine (Marieb e.tal 2010).

Whether or not oxygen concentration affects respiration remain a debating topic in the scientific realm. This ...

Introduction

In the recent past, the increased release of carbon dioxide has been a very controversial issue in the world. This is due to the adverse effects of this gas to the atmosphere. Human activities have driven the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere upwards over the last 50 years. For instance, it is estimated that U.S. releases 1.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year. The increased carbon dioxide has enhanced the natural 'greenhouse effect' causing climate change and global warming.

Thesis statement

We will explain the effects that are caused by the increased carbon dioxide emission, why the issue ...