Fresh Topics and Samples of Essays on Air Pollution Issues

The topic of the paper will focus on the organizational sustainability and management. The companies are today confronted with many challenges with improving the strategies, structure, social, economic and environmental performance. Crisis management is focusing on the survival of organizations with planning and making a formal plan how to act in the crisis situations that are threatening the sustainability. The companies have done many steps forward in starting to made business more sustainable with products, process, services and other activities. The thesis of this paper follows: organization and their crisis management should develop and implement the sustainable policies and ...

The Clean Air Act (CAA) was introduced by the federal government to control air pollution throughout the United States and is regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). While the CAA pertains the keeping the air clean for public health and the environment, the economic implications of the act are numerous. Some of the economic benefits connected to the act are increased public health, improved agricultural yields and reducing the greenhouse effect. In the Second Prospective Study done in March 2011 by the EPA to determine the true cost and benefits of the CAA, it was determined that the ...

Abstract

The following will examine the environmental policies and activities practiced by Nostrum Oil & Gas (previously known as Zhaikmunai LLP) and how well they conform to the ISO 14000 voluntary environmental management standards created and published by the International Organization for Standards. Nostrum Oil & Gas is located in the UK and is listed on the London Stock exchange, but has most of its facilities in Kazakhstan. It concentrates on oil and gas exploration and production. Like many other corporations around the world, Nostrum Oil & Gas is attempting to ensure that it's corporate activities are socially sustainable and environmentally sound. The ...

ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

Abstract This paper analyzes the environmental context of health. It discusses the contribution of environmental factors to the etiology of major diseases. The environment, as defined by the World Health Organization, focuses on the external forces that can be modified (WHO, 2006). It excludes lifestyles and behaviors, but recognizes how these external forces shape lifestyles and behaviors through access to these external forces. Environmental factors can be very significant in health. Access to clean and safe water, safe home and working environment, toxics, air pollution, and climate change are among the factors detrimental to health. In line with this, ...

Abstract

Crude oil has been refined to make such fuels as diesel and petrol as well as industrial chemicals and lubricants. Transport activity, as a core element of economic development and a precondition of human welfare, is increasing across the globe with the growth of economies. Transport predominantly relies on such fossil resource as petroleum. The literature relevant for this study can be divided into two parts or strands: one that focuses on the demand side and another one that gives analysis to the oil market by focusing on the supply side. This paper absorbs the ideas of both strands ...

Introduction

Environmental degradation is not uncommon. In fact, it is one of the most talked about topic in international conventions and forums. Apparently, the degradation of the environment is not only a local concern. Environmental problems such as climate change, deforestation, pollution and many others are perpetrated in a local and national level and yet it has global ramifications. However, despite the fact that there are international agencies that creates environmental policies, the effectiveness of these policies and regulations largely depend on the propensity of a particular nation to implement it. The nation’s territorial powers and sovereignty make it ...

The tests required to assess the health of the soil and water are easy enough to implement and include in any investigation. It is however hard to find the environmental factors that had led to the pollutants in the soil and water. This is because unless the source of the contaminants is found directly, there must be some sort of conjecture as to what the source is. Therefore it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the causation in the case of environmental pollutants and even more difficult to find what factor is at fault. Fajersztajin noted that even if measurement ...

ABSTRACT

This paper revolves around the review of related literature involving the robustness of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. This economic theory discusses the relationship turning point of environmental degradation with respect to economic growth. The hypothesis was introduced by Grossman and Kreuger who developed a reduced-form approach to embody the linear correlation of economic growth to environmental quality. Further studies have tested and enhanced this theory by tweaking either or both sides of the equation. Environmental degradation and economic growth are represented by subjective indicators which are based on the findings and beliefs of the various authors. Most of the ...

Air pollution is a national problem. Due to the massive industrial establishments and various chemicals and substances that are used by man in his day to day activities, the air is populated with various chemicals and particulates emitted into the air causing the air pollution. In the US, Long Beach and Los Angeles, are among the most polluted regions. Majority of the industries in this area are dependent on diesel and other fuel powered machines, ships, vehicles, and trains that sustain its day to day operations. The ports of Long Beach is considered as one of the biggest sources ...

Possible Changes at the Societal and Professional Levels

Abstract Global warming is no doubt the the greatest and most far reaching societal and professional long term threat to every end of human livelihood. Agriculture is quickly growing into one of the biggest producers of greenhouse gases. And therefore, global warming. The recent development of industrial farming has exasperated the amount of methane and nitrous oxide gases being released into the atmosphere. This has been done under the pressure of many different stimuli, including government lobbyists and stimuli, and companies like Monsanto. Indifference and lack of public education has ensured that this remains a problem for the immediate ...

Introduction:

There are many technologies in the engineering that provide solutions in the problems in the environment. The concern about the air pollution is not much rich with technological advancement in the past as much as other kinds of pollution. However, due to the realities that are happening in the planet, man is urged to invent technologies that can preserve and provide clean air to sustain life here on Earth. The concern for air pollution started during the industrialization period. The Clean Air Act that is first promulgated in the year 1970 aimed for the regulation of the pollutants that ...

Since the start of the industrial evolution, environmental pollution has become an ecological problem around the globe. Most countries are struggling to cope up with the problem of air and water pollution. Clean air and water are the two essential elements needed for the survival of human beings. Unfortunately, water and air pollution have become a major threat to these survival elements, which is endangering the lives of humans globally. According to a report by the World Health Organization, about 1.1 billion of people across the globe cannot have access to clean air and water, and this leads to ...

Effects of Air Pollution on Health

In this paper, we will critically review the article based on a research conducted by Chit- Ming Wong, Nuntavarn Vichit-Vadakan, Haidong Kan, and Zhengmin Qian. The title of the paper is Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA): A Multicity Study of Short-Term Effects of Air Pollution on Mortality; published in the September 2008 issue of the journal, “Environmental Health Perspectives”. The article has included a total of twenty-seven significant literature studies which were based on the same subject. Quite a many articles were taken from some renowned databases like those of the ‘World Health Organization (WHO)’ ...

The company that was chosen to be discussed in terms of its Corporate Safety Policies (CSP) is Chevron Corporation (i.e. Chevron). Chevron is an American multinational corporation that has states in the energy industry particularly in geothermal, oil, natural gas, and hydrocarbon exploration and product and product derivative sales , among other processes and aspects that it facilitates. Knowing the kind of business that the company is engaged in and the inherent health and safety risks associated with them, it would only be fair to assume that the company has a sophisticated and well-thought of CSP. After reading the company’ ...

Introduction

Costco Wholesale Corporation formed their corporate sustainability and energy group in 2007 to spearhead the creation and implementation of the sustainably sourced strategies for products and energy policy. Their energy policy included a program for reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with the implementation of measures for energy efficiency. In 2007, Costco discovered that 85 percent of their carbon footprint was coming from purchased electricity. Their energy program placed emphasis on energy efficient operations and building designs. Costco also started working to reduce their deliveries by consolidation of freight at their distribution centers and increasing the load of every truck ...

One of the most common environmental pollution observed in many parts of the world is the formation of haze. This phenomenon is predominantly visible in those geographies where the air pollution is on the higher side, which may be multiple times more than what has been believed to be safe. Essentially, haze which appears as a blanket of smoke over a wide area occurs when the tiny invisible pollutants suspended in the air absorbs and scatters sunlight thereby reducing the clarity of our vision to a great extent . Air pollution, the primary factor behind haze can be either natural ...

Air PollutionThe air, water, noise, water, thermal and other forms of environmental pollution have an adverse impact on the quality of lives. The pollution is majorly as a result of activities carried out by human such as the industrial production of chemicals. In the modern days, motor vehicles are primary sources of pollution. The increased number of cars on the road lead to a rise in environmental pollution. Although they cause noise pollution, the main form of pollution caused by the motor vehicles is air pollution. Motor vehicles are very essential in transportation, and they contribute significantly to the ...

Introduction:

Rice has always been a staple crop in various nations worldwide, where most of the population around the world feed on it every day. Rice is also one of the top GHG contributory staple crop that exceeds that of the maize and wheat production (Linquist et al, 2012). Today, the environmental sustainability has made an impact to many sectors, especially the agricultural production. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been innovated to serve as one of the primary tools in the integral assessment for the environmental impacts of the production of various agricultural products that includes rice. The agricultural ...

Earth’s quickly changing climate is a hot topic today. Among the young and old, the issue is debated passionately as individuals argue whether it is even happening and why. The Some believe climate change is still up for debate, the history surrounding the issue proves the Earth’s environment is, indeed, changing, and humans may be the only cause to blame. The CO2 emissions and various forms of pollution have been observed for years. While many attempt to correct what we have done to the planet, others speculate it may be too late to repair the damage we ...

Earth’s quickly changing climate is a hot topic today. Among the young and old, the issue is debated passionately as individuals argue whether it is even happening and why. The Some believe climate change is still up for debate, the history surrounding the issue proves the Earth’s environment is, indeed, changing, and humans may be the only cause to blame. The CO2 emissions and various forms of pollution have been observed for years. While many attempt to correct what we have done to the planet, others speculate it may be too late to repair the damage we ...

Introduction

One of the most important things, if not the most important one, that society needs today is energy. Energy comes in many form and moist literatures focusing on this topic would agree that among all the possible sources of energy, oil comes as the most heavily demanded, and hence the most important. In fact, one may argue that the geopolitical movements and decisions that have been made in the past half a century have been motivated by access to this important energy-related commodity. There are many possible sources of energy but even though oil just comes as one of ...

George Washington University

Joon Young Jung Electronic cigarettes are amongst many products that are meant to promote a smoker to be able to quit. E-cigarettes are similar to ordinary cigarettes in appearance; however, they lack the tobacco ingredients that compose the traditional cigarettes. The e-cigarettes are made up from a metal tube and a battery-like structure that produces a lot of heat to cause vaporization of liquid nicotine. The propylene glycol fluid contains other chemicals that produce the vapor (smoke) that people inhale or exhale (Kaplan, 2015). While the e-cigarettes may appear to have certain short-term or intangible benefits such as lack ...

Reflective Statement

Taking the course has brought me to a deeper understanding and appreciation of what nature has given us freely and a realization of what contributions I make in the process of destroying her. It is fascinating to realize that everything we do has an effect on either its preservation or tearing down. This makes our attitude or actions towards her very important and critical because if she is destroyed, its inhabitants will also be destroyed along with her.

The last three months has been like going through an evolution. An evolution of knowing what my lifestyle is contributing to the ...

Impacts of Petroleum Exploration, Extraction and Transport

Oil shale may be defined as those rocks that usually contain a high proportion and percentage of organic matter such as kerogen. Oil shale is mainly characterized by the low calorific value as well high ash and even mineral content. Oil usually produces energy, which serves a very crucial purpose to our planet. Energy is regarded as the lifeblood of the planet earth and its occupants, thereby, being categorized as among the essential commodities that normally powers the intentions to expand the global economy (Burnham, Stubblefield, & Campbell, 1980). In the 1950s, natural gas and oil became the primary sources of liveliness ...

Introduction

Hydraulic fracking, also referred to as hydraulic fracturing is one among the procedures that have prominently been associated with negative impacts both on the economy and the environment. While different stakeholders perceive the effects differently, we are going to focus on the effects of the extractive procedure with regard to the environment. Speaking of the environment, water, air and human health are given prominence (Capitol.Net, Inc, 2010). While the effects of hydraulic fracturing have been the topic of main political concerns in most countries across the world today, people do not fully comprehend what the procedure entails. For ...

The Great smog of 1952 was a rigorous air pollution which affected the city of London in England during December 1952. According to Kottke Jason, The smog was caused by cold weather that combined with windless conditions and an anticyclone which collected airborne pollutants from coal use that led to the formation of the smog with a thick layer. It endured from 5th Friday to 9th Tuesday in the year of 1952 and later dispersed immediately after the change of weather. This paper explores the cause of the smog, its effects, and the actions taken by the government as well as ...

What is the chemical formula for ozone gas?

Ozone is present in the troposphere, a part of the atmosphere. Ozone consist of 3 molecules of Oxygen. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. Ozone is also called as tri-oxygen since it consists of 3 molecules of oxygen bound to each other by covalent bonds. The structure and formula of ozone were identified in the year 1865. However, it is less stable than Oxygen and blue in color.

How does ozone form in the stratosphere?

Ozone is found in both, the stratosphere and the troposphere. The formation of ozone in both these layers is distinct. Stratospheric ozone is formed in two simple steps. Initial step involves ...

Introduction

Presently, pollution is one of the greatest concerns around the globe. Most of the countries throughout the world have formulated strict regulations in order to minimize pollution levels. In United States, California is the state that has emissions regulations of the highest strictness level. These regulations also include buses and trucks that are operating within California to be upgraded in order to reduce the level of emissions. This upgrade primarily consists of installing a fuel particulate matter filter known as PM filter. California has an independent regulatory board that makes regulations to control air pollution. The board is well known ...

1. The HS2 Railway Network

On November 2013, the Government passed a hybrid bill to Parliament supporting the launch of Phase One of the High Speed Two (HS2) project (DfT 2013). Consultation ended in February 2014 and the Parliament is in the process of appointing an independent assessor to provide an outline of all issues surrounding the project. The HS2 project is a railway network that is part of the Coalition Agreement and the Department for Transport’s (DfT) business plan from 2010 until 2015. HS2 has two phases, which will be launched separately and thus, will be subjected to ...

Overview

Chengdu is one of China’s largest cities. In people’s perception, it is favorable and in 2006 China Daily named it the 4th-most livable city in the country. It is also one of the oldest cities in the world, founded 2,000 years ago. Most recently it was in the national spotlight for earthquakes, which led to thousands in the city and surrounding area to lose their lives or homes. The major religion of the area is Buddhism and Daoism.

Geography

Chengdu is one of China’s most important cities. It is located on a large plain area that varies ...

Have you ever heard that only in India approximately one thousand of children die because of polluted water that leads to fatal illnesses (Facts.randomhistory.com)?! Actually, Earth is extremely polluted, and it’s getting worth every year. It is caused by increasing of producing too much stuff due to major customer requirements. New technologies creation, building of many plants and fabrics, rapid development of various industries and throwing away garbage lead to the fact that our planet will never be, as centuries ago. Nevertheless, we can do many of things to save our Earth. O ne of these things ...

Spies

Information passing in the First World War was made possible by pigeon post. Doing the job of spying by delivering letters up to 90 miles away was best done by tying them up on pigeon backs and releasing them home. At a time when enemy forces discovered the trick and were shooting them down, users of the 'pigeon post,' as it was known, painted them black so they would be confused for crows. Initially, they would only travel home (one way) but later on, their food was stationed away from home so they learned to travel to and fro ...

Two eminent scholars Jay Gulledge and Richard A. Muller have expressed concern in their research about Global warming and its consequences in USA. The seasonal weather changes are surprising as extreme climatic conditions have minimized the accuracy of their prediction. According to Jay Gulledge the changing climatic models are highly affected by Global warming. He compares the effect that global warming has on extreme weather conditions to a human organ; just like smoking can increase the chances of having a heart attack. The deadly emissions from greenhouses and industries have been continuously increasing. The economy also suffers when struck by extreme ...

Introduction:

Chevron is a leader in the major operations of the world’s oil and gas reserves even from the extreme difficult environments. Chevron maximizes technology in the innovation of mature fields and continues to discover new reservoirs.

Business Ventures include: Oil, natural gas, Lubricants, products, Manufacturing, chemicals, Technology, global trading, and many more.

Carrier Brands: Chevron, Texaco, Caltex The keys for success (3 main points) include: Integrity – The Company regards honesty within the company and to others. The business deals of the company are done with utmost regard of the ethical standards. The company accepts responsibility holding themselves accountable for their every works and actions Partnership – The Company have an unwavering commitment in ...

The U.S. Government’s and Individual Citizens Obligation in Reducing Nation’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The question on whether the United States government has an obligation to adopt policies that are designed to reduce the nation’s greenhouse gas emissions is of great controversy. This is due to the approach that is taken by different individuals to try and look into this question. The answers given by various personalities vary based on the approach that is taken towards this matter. This is despite the common knowledge that all individuals have a role in reducing greenhouse gas emission. This is ...

Introduction

In the speech, I went beyond the critical and conventional academic research and deployed rhetoric to express my disappointment with the situation of pollution in China. The speech effectively employed pathos, logos and ethos to drive the point home and call for action. I use the tone of disappointment to argue that pollution is immoral, inhumane and driven by corporate that do not have the future generations in mind. Through pathos and the tone of hope, I urge the Chines to rise up speak against until the government comes up with effective laws and policies to handle the situation. ...

- Meaning of AQI and the Levels of Air Quality

- AQI is an indexing figure that reports the quality of air on a daily basis. AQI is able to tell the extent to which air is polluted and how such pollution can be hazardous to human body and the ecological life in general. There are six levels of air quality. These levels of air quality are shown the table below:

- The Meaning of BADOzone and its Riskiness in Children

- BADOzone is that region of the atmosphere that is in contact with the atmosphere thus ...

Conclusion

Oil and gas industry is a major economic driver for any country. For every single job created by Alberta’s energy development, approximately one indirect job becomes available in Canada. Development of the Canadian oil industry will make purchases of $117 billion in services and supplies over the next 25 years from other provinces within Canada. However, these benefits do not come without cost (Mufson and Eilperin, 2014). A report in 2008 showed that 30.6 percent of the Canadian population from the western region contributed 37.5 percent of the country’s GDP (Mufson and Eilperin, 2014). This modest performance has ...

Community Location

According the population census conducted in 2000, the total population of District 13 is 106, 120. However it has been observed that the population of the region has been on the rise. The people in the district live in different locations. These locations include; the Coney Island the Brighton Beach, Bensonhurst, Gravesend, Bath Beach, Homecrest and the Sea Gate.

The Coney Island is an urban residential neighborhood located in the Southwestern side of Brooklyn in New York City. The Coney Island is around 4 miles long and half a mile wide. The Coney Island creek that ...

INTRODUCTION

The wider population and the government are aware that prompt action is necessary to lessen the human impact on the environment, which is the means to turn around the global climate changes as well as lessening the demands on natural resources. Much has been done concerning this issue but a lot more needs to be done in order to decrease consumption of resources and get better environmental management if we want to repeal the global climate change and spare some resources to the future generations. Humanity is running out of natural resources and the global climate change is not something ...

Inconvenient Truth Emotional Impacts and Personal commitment

The film, Inconvenient Truth, shows a documentary of Al Gore, the global campaigner against global warming. In documentary, the director covered the global travels by Al Gore in his struggle to create awareness on the need for fast action on climate change and the imminent dangers. The great efforts and global journeys made by Al Gore and the facts about the severity of the global warming triggered strong reactions from me. The reaction evoked a shocking feeling. Based on the appalling scientific evidences, the negative impacts of climate change are severe and can wipe human population in the region. The drought that ...

Will Restricting Emissions Damage the Economy?

Will Restricting Emissions Damage the Economy? Restricting emissions will not damage the economy. I most agree with Aaron Ezroj that emissions will have no damaging effects to the economy. Paul Cicio and Aaron Ezroj have differing opinions concerning the effects of emissions on the economy. Whereas Cicio suggests that emissions will have damaging effects on the economy, Ezroj disagrees by suggesting that the emissions will not damage the economy. Cicio argues that the capping of the greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial sector will have negative effects on jobs and investments, and increase the imports. He argues that ...

1.0 Introduction

When the concept of green building emerges, environmentalists and researchers automatically assume the solutions lie on materials and their constituencies in buildings they are part of and the lifetime of the building. Exterior material directly in contact with the environment and natural elements may enhance the sustainability of the building, but may greatly impact the functions of nearby ecosystems. Hence building sustainability and environmental maintenance are not exactly interchangeable, and yet these terms are often utilized mistakenly. The pioneers of environmental constructs are not confirmed, although architectural historians suggest they date back prior to Ancient Roman times. Architects took ...

Product Transportation in Cairo

In business, a product entails something that has been /can be placed in the market for sale to meet the needs or wants of customers. Products can, therefore, imply merchandise or items sold by the retailers. The manufacturers buy products in the form of raw materials that they transform into finished products for sale. The Cairo economy is characterized by manufacturing and service industries whose products are diverse and produced in varied quantities and qualities. The General Authority for Investment and Free Zones, GIFA, identifies transportation of products as the major economic pillar of Cairo.Major modes of product transport in ...

Chen, Bingheng, et al. "Air pollution and health studies in China—Policy implications." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 61.11 (2011): 1292-1299. Web.

In this paper, researchers from Fudan University, Shanghai, China, noted that levels of air pollution in China are higher than most parts of the world. They reported that with rapid economic development, some types of air pollutants such as particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and SO2 have been decreased due to controlling measures, whereas other types of air pollutants such as NO2 have been increased. Further studies ...

The database of the “Wealth and Health of Nations” contains the data of the world regarding healthiness against the income per person. In order to review and assess the data of child mortality against the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the x-axis of the ‘Gapminder’ application is set to the variable named “Income per Person (GDP/Capita) and the y-axis is set to the variable named “Child Mortality”. The child mortality is considered the death of a child in between newborn till five (5) years of age. Moreover, the paper is limited to data of a few countries; therefore, ...

The earth is considered to be a home for a billion people along with animals and another organism. A single person would take twenty thousand breaths a day. But is the air that we are breathing clean? Water is considered to be a source of life. But is the water that we drink clean? As children, we grew in a much safer and cleaner environment. But is the environment as clean and safe today? The growing population is considered to have direct impacts on the environment. Environmental pollution has increased 10-fold over the past decade. The grieving situation of planet earth is to be ...

Introduction

The concept of sustainable development within the industrialized nations and the increased worries caused by global warming, has led to a global interest in the need to come up with better ways in which building construction projects within the urban settings can be done in such a manner as to promote sustainability of our environment as opposed to the rather “business as usual” myopic concept in building projects. This will ensure that this generation meets its own needs without negatively interfering with the ability of the coming generation to meet their own needs. In most scenarios, most building projects can ...

INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW

The pollution control efforts can be traced back to ancient human history where pure drinking water was an area of serious interest. This further became essential especially after the industrial revolution to protect and promote the environment in which we live and work. Various issues including the cost factors have been considered while enacting the laws. The international laws on environment along with having the laws of the individual countries also have all the various treaties and conventions. Some of the important laws among them are customary international laws on trans boundary resource pollution, UN economic commission on long ...

An externality denotes a situation in which a third party not involved within a transaction incurs a benefit or cost (Amacher & Pate, 2013). That is, an externality occurs whenever a third party experiences side effects in a transaction between sellers and buyers. Whenever a third party gains from the transaction, it is termed a positive externality.

On the contrary, whenever a third party experiences a cost or loss it is referred to as negative externality (Amacher & Pate, 2013). For instance, a new fertilizer plant producing fertilizer for export also inflicts environmental air pollution. Residents of the area experience bad air quality due to air pollution, thus, a negative externality. ...

The validity of the ancient testimonia as regards the origins of the Oracle of Apollo still remains controversial. To test the validity of the tesmonia, a research has to be conducted on the evidence for geological faults and gas emissions at the sanctuary of Delphi. Modern doubts as to the availability of chasm and vapor at Delphi are rooted from unsuccessful archaeologists. Surveys at Delphi have continuously indicated the presence of the two; hence Dr. Jelle de Boer and John Hale are to investigate the presence of geological faults and gas emissions so as to test the soundness of the ...

With the world population expected to hit the 9 billion mark by the year 2050, food production and security have become major issues of concern in social circles, both locally and internationally. As a way of responding to the ever decreasing ratio between the population and the viable arable land, the US government has come up with various strategies aimed at improving plenty supply of food for the American citizenry. The most notable examples of such strategies are the use of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and the steady supply of fertilizers, fungicides, herbicides and insecticides. These two approaches, coupled with ...

The federal programs concerning air pollution control is grounded in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. These are the series of amendments created to the Clean Air Act. This enactment changed and developed government legal power given by the 1963 and 1970 (Www2.epa.gov, 2015). Clean Air Acts. The Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 was the first government enactment including air contamination (Www2.epa.gov, 2015). This Act gave subsidies for government investigation in air pollution. The 1963 Clean Air Act was the first government enactment in regards to control of air pollution. It secured a government program in the Public ...

The term "personal space" is familiar to all of us. And the first meaning of the phrase says that personal space is what I am, and what my body is. But in fact, this concept is much broader: the concept of a personal space also includes our feelings, our views, our goals, our resources, our whole inner world with their emotions, thoughts and actions. It is both physical and material things, such as my desk, my favorite bag or my favorite books. Everything that concerns you coming along with everything that is important to you, and with everything that makes ...

A natural disaster occurs as the effect of natural hazard. The UN office for co-ordination of humanitarian affairs, defines natural disaster as the “consequences of events triggered by natural hazards that overwhelm local response capacity and seriously affect the social and economic development of a region.”. According to the UN office definition, not all natural phenomenons that occur on planet earth can be termed as natural disasters. A natural phenomenon becomes natural disaster when it proves uncontrollable during its occurrence. For instance, when hurricanes strike an uninhabited island, such a phenomenon cannot be termed as a natural disaster. In this case, ...

SARS Disease Outbreak

The SARS disease outbreak occurred in 2003 when the World Health Organization issued a global alert on the disease that was similar to pneumonia (Wei et al., 2009). Similar cases were experienced in China, Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, and Thailand. Other countries affected included Germany, United States, and Canada. The disease spread from Beijing leading to an outbreak in Tianjin city. According to Wei et al., (2009), 175 probable cases of SARS were reported. This included 21 deaths. The transfer of patients from one hospital to another stimulated the spread of the disease. A patient that was suspected of ...

Introduction

Infectious diseases have been affecting humans since diseases and germs were discovered. No sophisticated antibiotics or antiviral medications were available to treat neither disease nor epidemiological records to trace their origin and destinations. In contemporary societies mankind is so advanced in science and technology that, viruses, bacteria, fungi and other types of microorganisms are detected, sensitivity identified; epidemiological implications uncovered and prognoses delivered. This discussion provides an epidemiological evaluation of the Avian influenza infection as a twenty first century pandemic.

A.1 Description of Outbreak

Avian influenza is a viral infection similar to bird flu/ swine flu, dog flu, horse flu, or human flu. Epidemiologists have ...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious disease caused by SARS corona virus (SARS-CoV). It is a dangerous, not well understood, and easy to transmit disease. Its most dangerous features are that SARS outbreaks occur within the hospital setting, it can be deadly, and has no definitive set of symptoms. There is a distinct probability of another global outbreak of SARS.

On February 28, 2003, Carlo Urbani, a medical doctor working for the World Health Organization in Vietnam, examined an American patient in a French hospital in Hanoi. The patient presented with atypical pneumonia, a respiratory disease with an unusual panel of symptoms. ...

Introduction

Pollution of the environment is one of the oldest problems in the history of civilization. Man has long been considered the environment primarily as a source of resources, seeking to achieve independence from it, to improve the conditions of its existence. While population and the scale of production was small, and very extensive natural spaces, to achieve the goals we were willing to sacrifice some of the untouched nature, exactly as some degree of purity and water. This process in our relatively closed, not unlimited world cannot continue indefinitely. For example, it is estimated that each year for every person ...

Introduction

Global warming is a phenomenon that alters the surface temperature on earth. Consequently, the change in surface temperate results in the changes in climate patterns. Global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Due to several factors and conditions in the atmosphere, these gases are blocked from escaping into space. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the absorption of solar radiation to the surface of the earth. Both mechanisms lead to the warming of the atmosphere. Therefore, trapped gas combined with solar radiation in the atmosphere cause the warming of the earth’s surface. Examples of greenhouse gases that get trapped ...